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Childhood Obesity and Mindfulness
- 1. Childhood Obesity Effects on Mental Health By: Jessie Lei
- 2. Overview What is Obesity? Causes of Obesity Socio-emotional Consequences So What Is The Problem? Statistics Study Mindfulness Effectiveness Citations
- 3. What is Obesity? Obesity: a medical condition that occurs when a person carries excess weight or body fat that might affect their health Body Mass Index: a tool used to assess if a person is at an appropriate weight for their age, sex, and height Brazier, Y. (2018, November 2). Obesity: What is it and what causes it? Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551 Team, T. M. N. T. E. (2018, November 9). Obesity: BMI calculators and charts. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323586#bmi-categories
- 4. Causes of Obesity Increase in caloric and fat intake Excessive sugar intake Decline in physical activity Genetic background Psychological factors: depression Eating disorder Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(2), 187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/
- 5. Socio-emotional Consequences One of the most stigmatized and least socially acceptable conditions in childhood Often teased or bullied Negative stereotypes Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(2), 187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/
- 6. So What Is The Problem? Mental Health Lowered self-esteem Low self-confidence Negative body image Eating disorder Question: Does changing a child’s way of viewing their body decrease their anxiety and self-esteem levels? Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(2), 187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/ Himelstein, R., & Martinez, K. (2020, February 25). Telling a teen to lose weight could spark an eating disorder. There are better ways to boost health. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/health/expert-opinions/childhood-obesity-overweight-adolescent- eating-disorders-size-acceptance-20200224.html
- 7. Statistics Ages 2 to 19 1 in 6 are obese; 1 in 17 are extremely obese Tried dieting Half of all teenage girls 1 in 4 teenage boys 87% of obese children are found to also have stress, depression, and anxiety 3% of adolescents ages 13 to 18 are diagnosed with an eating disorder Himelstein, R., & Martinez, K. (2020, February 25). Telling a teen to lose weight could spark an eating disorder. There are better ways to boost health. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/health/expert-opinions/childhood-obesity-overweight-adolescent-eating-disorders-size-acceptance-20200224.html
- 8. Study: The influence of childhood obesity on the development of self-esteem Background: This study examines longitudinal relationships between body weight and self esteem in a nationally representative probability sample of Canadian children. Methods: Study consists of 2,879 children aged 10 or 11 years. Participants were re-interviewed every two years, for three times (until they were aged 14 or 15). Results: Children who were obese at baseline had almost twice the odds of reporting low self-esteem four years later, compared with children of normal body weight. Wang, F., Wild, T. C., Kipp, W., Kuhle, S., & Veugelers, P. J. (2009). The influence of childhood obesity on the development of self-esteem. Health Rep, 20(2), 21-27. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Rhodes2/publication/26787844_Identifying_deliberate_self- harm_in_emergency_department_data/links/54ddf4180cf22a26721d6ad4.pdf#page=23
- 9. Mindfulness-Based Therapy Mindfulness: psychological techniques focused on attention, body awareness, breathing, and meditation Examples: awareness of breath, noticing thoughts as they pass through the mind Safai, Y. (2020, February 11). Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight and decrease anxiety: Study. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/mindfulness-helps-obese-children-lose-weight-decrease-anxiety/story?id=68900978
- 10. Effectiveness Results: restricted diets may increase anxiety in obese children; practicing mindfulness, may counteract this and promote more efficient weight loss Reduces appetite and stress hormones Soc_Endo. (n.d.). Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight. Retrieved from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/sfe-mho020520.php Safai, Y. (2020, February 11). Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight and decrease anxiety: Study. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/mindfulness- helps-obese-children-lose-weight-decrease-anxiety/story?id=68900978
- 11. Citations Brazier, Y. (2018, November 2). Obesity: What is it and what causes it? Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551 Himelstein, R., & Martinez, K. (2020, February 25). Telling a teen to lose weight could spark an eating disorder. There are better ways to boost health. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/health/expert-opinions/childhood-obesity-overweight-adolescent- eating-disorders-size-acceptance-20200224.html Safai, Y. (2020, February 11). Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight and decrease anxiety: Study. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/mindfulness-helps-obese-children-lose- weight-decrease-anxiety/story?id=68900978 Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(2), 187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/ Soc_Endo. (n.d.). Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight. Retrieved from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/sfe-mho020520.php Wang, F., Wild, T. C., Kipp, W., Kuhle, S., & Veugelers, P. J. (2009). The influence of childhood obesity on the development of self-esteem. Health Rep, 20(2), 21-27. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Rhodes2/publication/26787844_Identifying_deliberate_ self-harm_in_emergency_department_data/links/54ddf4180cf22a26721d6ad4.pdf#page=23
Editor's Notes
- Hi, I am Jessie. There has been a dramatic increase in childhood obesity and I wanted to know more about its effects on the child’s mental health. Childhood obesity been profoundly affecting children physically and psychologically.
- I would like to explain what obesity is, what causes obesity, the consequences of obesity, some stats, how mindfulness can help improve how you think about body image, and the effectiveness of mindfulness.
- Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when a person has a large amount of body fat that can increase their risk of developing health conditions. A person that is obese is said to have a high body mass index (BMI). The BMI is what doctors use to determine the appropriate weight for their age, sex, and height. The picture on the left shows a BMI chart for each height and weight.
- Most causes of obesity are usually associated with their lifestyle. This can include how they eat and how they exercise. Portion sizes have increased with high calorie intake and excessive sugar intake. But in other cases, it can be because of their genetics or emotional problems.
- Obesity has been described as one of the most stigmatized and least socially acceptable conditions in childhood. Obese children are more likely to be bullied for their weight. There are many negative stereotypes surrounding obesity. Obese children are often excluded from activities that require physical activity. To their peers, obese children are viewed as slower and often out of breath.
- While there are many different types of diseases that are linked to obesity such as Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease, the main impact of childhood obesity is its effects on mental health. Children who are obese tend to have low self-esteem, low self-confidence, a negative body image, and possible chance of a eating disorder. Thus, leads to what I am interested in: Does changing the way they view their body decrease their anxiety and self esteem levels?
- According to national statistics, from the age of 2 to 19, one in six are obese and one in seventeen are extremely obese. Half of all teenage girls and one in four teenage boys have tried dieting. 87% of obese children are found to either have stress, depression, or anxiety. 3% of adolescents ages 13 to 18 are diagnosed with an eating disorder. Many teens have tried losing weight in many unhealthy ways such as starving themselves or over-exercising.
- In a longitudinal study, self-esteem of obese children in Canada were examined. Children completed a four-item scale that assessed their overall self-esteem: (1) “In general, I like the way I am:; (2) “Overall I have a lot to be proud of”; (3) A lot of things about me are good”; and (4) “When I do something, I do it well.” Response options for each item were: false, mostly, false, sometimes false, and true (scored 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). Scores below the 15th percentile were considered to indicate low self esteem. Higher scores were considered to indicate normal self-esteem. Then followed by a verbal weight assessment by the person most knowledgeable about the child’s height and weight to calculate the BMI. Adjustments were made to account for other variables that can influence the results: sex of the child, rural or urban residence, household income, parental education, and the child’s physical activity and screen time. There was a two and four year follow up with the same group of children. Results were compared to the first time they answered the questions.
- A new study shows a new approach to weight loss. Mindfulness helps obese children lose weight and decrease anxiety. Researchers tested the effects of mindfulness on stress levels for eight weeks on children ages 10 to 14 years using self-reported surveys and charted changes in appetite and the amount of weight lost in children with obesity and anxiety.
- The results show evidence that mindfulness may have potential for managing anxiety and weight in obese children on calorie-restricted diets, by reducing appetite, stress hormones, body mass index, and cortical levels.