This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including:
- CHF affects millions of Americans annually and is a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Survival rates have remained largely unchanged despite increased research funding.
- Symptoms of CHF can include difficulty breathing, swelling, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on medications and lifestyle changes to reduce strain on the heart and manage symptoms.
- Proper assessment and management of CHF in the prehospital setting aims to relieve symptoms and reduce cardiac workload through rest, oxygen, medications, and reassurance.
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including:
- CHF affects approximately 4.9 million Americans and is responsible for over 250,000 deaths per year in the US.
- Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, infections, and diabetes.
- Signs and symptoms depend on whether it is left ventricular failure (pulmonary edema) or right ventricular failure (peripheral edema), but may include dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and elevated jugular venous pressure.
- Treatment focuses on reducing workload on the heart through vasodilators, diuretics, and inotropic medications to improve contractility.
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its prevalence, mortality rates, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and prehospital management. Some key points:
- CHF affects over 5 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.
- Pathophysiologically, CHF occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficiently due to problems with preload, afterload, contractility, or valves. This back pressures blood and causes fluid overload.
- Clinical presentations include dyspnea, edema, fatigue, and signs of fluid overload. Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary edema while
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including:
- CHF affects millions of Americans and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Survival rates have remained largely unchanged.
- Symptoms of CHF include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of the legs/ankles, and potentially sudden death in severe cases.
- CHF occurs when the heart fails to pump sufficiently due to conditions like coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart attacks, or valvular heart disease. This puts strain on the heart and can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs or other organs.
This document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF), including its prevalence, mortality rates, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and management challenges. Some key points:
- CHF affects millions of Americans and hospitalization rates are high, with 5-year mortality rates around 50-60%. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.
- Pathophysiology involves an imbalance in cardiac preload and afterload leading to inadequate cardiac output. Neurohormonal activation also occurs as a compensatory mechanism.
- Clinical presentation depends on whether left or right ventricular failure predominates. Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary edema while right ventricular failure causes peripheral edema.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
- It affects millions of Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization among those over age 65.
- CHF can be caused by conditions that damage or weaken the heart such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
- Symptoms of CHF include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, ankles or feet from fluid buildup.
This document discusses the cardiovascular system and types of shock. It begins by describing the five classes of blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. It then covers the structure of blood vessel walls and differences between arteries and veins. The document discusses blood pressure, circulation, and how blood flow is regulated. It defines shock and describes the four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock. For each type, it explains the causes, stages, and pathophysiology.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by problems with either the left or right side of the heart. Common causes include heart disease and hypertension. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side is affected. The left side controls blood flow to the lungs, so left heart failure causes shortness of breath and coughing up blood. The right side controls blood returning from the body, so right heart failure causes fatigue, leg swelling and liver/fluid issues. Over time the heart tries to compensate through enlargement but eventually decompensates leading to further symptoms.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by problems with either the left or right side of the heart. Common causes include heart disease and hypertension. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side is affected. The left side controls blood flow to the lungs, so left heart failure causes shortness of breath and coughing up blood. The right side controls blood returning from the body, so right heart failure causes fatigue, leg swelling and liver/kidney congestion. Over time the heart tries to compensate through enlargement but eventually decompensates leading to further symptoms.
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including:
- CHF affects approximately 4.9 million Americans and is responsible for over 250,000 deaths per year in the US.
- Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, infections, and diabetes.
- Signs and symptoms depend on whether it is left ventricular failure (pulmonary edema) or right ventricular failure (peripheral edema), but may include dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and elevated jugular venous pressure.
- Treatment focuses on reducing workload on the heart through vasodilators, diuretics, and inotropic medications to improve contractility.
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its prevalence, mortality rates, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and prehospital management. Some key points:
- CHF affects over 5 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.
- Pathophysiologically, CHF occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficiently due to problems with preload, afterload, contractility, or valves. This back pressures blood and causes fluid overload.
- Clinical presentations include dyspnea, edema, fatigue, and signs of fluid overload. Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary edema while
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including:
- CHF affects millions of Americans and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Survival rates have remained largely unchanged.
- Symptoms of CHF include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of the legs/ankles, and potentially sudden death in severe cases.
- CHF occurs when the heart fails to pump sufficiently due to conditions like coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart attacks, or valvular heart disease. This puts strain on the heart and can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs or other organs.
This document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF), including its prevalence, mortality rates, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and management challenges. Some key points:
- CHF affects millions of Americans and hospitalization rates are high, with 5-year mortality rates around 50-60%. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.
- Pathophysiology involves an imbalance in cardiac preload and afterload leading to inadequate cardiac output. Neurohormonal activation also occurs as a compensatory mechanism.
- Clinical presentation depends on whether left or right ventricular failure predominates. Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary edema while right ventricular failure causes peripheral edema.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
- It affects millions of Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization among those over age 65.
- CHF can be caused by conditions that damage or weaken the heart such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
- Symptoms of CHF include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, ankles or feet from fluid buildup.
This document discusses the cardiovascular system and types of shock. It begins by describing the five classes of blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. It then covers the structure of blood vessel walls and differences between arteries and veins. The document discusses blood pressure, circulation, and how blood flow is regulated. It defines shock and describes the four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock. For each type, it explains the causes, stages, and pathophysiology.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by problems with either the left or right side of the heart. Common causes include heart disease and hypertension. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side is affected. The left side controls blood flow to the lungs, so left heart failure causes shortness of breath and coughing up blood. The right side controls blood returning from the body, so right heart failure causes fatigue, leg swelling and liver/fluid issues. Over time the heart tries to compensate through enlargement but eventually decompensates leading to further symptoms.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by problems with either the left or right side of the heart. Common causes include heart disease and hypertension. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side is affected. The left side controls blood flow to the lungs, so left heart failure causes shortness of breath and coughing up blood. The right side controls blood returning from the body, so right heart failure causes fatigue, leg swelling and liver/kidney congestion. Over time the heart tries to compensate through enlargement but eventually decompensates leading to further symptoms.
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that weaken the heart like heart attacks or high blood pressure. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected and include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, chest x-rays, echocardiograms and may include further tests. Treatment focuses on reducing workload on the heart with medications, lowering sodium intake to reduce fluid retention, and medications to improve the heart's pumping ability.
Congestive heart failure is a syndrome where the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's needs. It is caused by any interference with the normal mechanisms regulating cardiac output. Common causes include hypertension, myocardial infarction, and valvular disorders. The main goals of treatment are to improve left ventricular function by decreasing preload and afterload, improving gas exchange, and enhancing cardiac contractility. Management involves diuretics, vasodilators, and other medications alongside lifestyle modifications like sodium and fluid restrictions.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of the ventricle that reduces its ability to fill with or eject blood. It impacts over 5 million Americans with high costs of care. The key aspects are reduced cardiac output, ejection fraction, preload and afterload. Compensatory mechanisms initially help but eventually fail, leading to fluid overload and decompensation. Diagnosis involves history, exam, echocardiogram and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms and stages from risk factor modification to drug therapy and devices.
This document provides information on the approach to heart failure in the intensive care unit. It begins with statistics on the incidence and prevalence of heart failure. It then discusses the morbidity, mortality, definitions, types, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, compensatory mechanisms, and prognosis of heart failure. Key points include that heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization, the median age of presentation is 76, and the 5-year mortality rate is around 50-60%. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol abuse. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance in preload and afterload. Diagnostic tests include BNP/NT-proBNP levels and echocardiogram. Comp
Heart failure is a common condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from structural or functional disorders of the heart. The document provides details on the definition, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, classification systems, and treatment of heart failure. It emphasizes the importance of controlling risk factors, using medications such as ACE inhibitors and diuretics to manage symptoms, and making lifestyle changes like following a low-sodium diet and exercising regularly.
This document provides an overview of heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure. It defines HF as a state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands, resulting in organ hypoperfusion. Common causes include cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. Symptoms include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. Treatment focuses on reducing preload and afterload through diuretics, vasodilators, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to decrease workload on the heart.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in NURS 216 Spring 2013 related to cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and disorders. Key points include:
- Review of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and mechanical functions of the heart.
- Discussion of disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and venous disorders.
- Objectives are to review cardiovascular concepts and discuss various cardiovascular disorders, including their causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in NURS 216 Spring 2013 related to the cardiovascular system. It includes:
1) A reading assignment from the textbook and objectives to review cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and disorders.
2) An outline of topics such as the heart's mechanical functions, layers of the heart, blood pressure regulation, arterial and venous systems, electrocardiograms, and cardiac output.
3) Details on specific cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, aneurysms, and orthostatic hypotension.
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects approximately 2% of the developed world and is most commonly caused by coronary artery disease or hypertension damaging the heart muscle. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and confusion. Treatment involves medications to reduce fluid retention, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and devices or surgery for more severe cases.
Heart failure results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. It can involve systolic or diastolic dysfunction. As the heart pumps less effectively, blood moves through the heart and body more slowly and pressure builds up in the heart. This prevents the heart from supplying enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. Heart failure prevalence is increasing and is a major cause of hospitalization. Risk factors include coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected and include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and irregular heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, BNP levels, chest x-
The kidney filters blood to produce urine and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and tubule. The proximal tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered sodium, as well as other solutes. In the loop of Henle, the thick ascending limb reabsorbs sodium via sodium-potassium pumps. The distal tubule and collecting duct regulate further sodium reabsorption and water reabsorption under hormonal control. Diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption at various points along the nephron to increase sodium and water excretion.
This document discusses heart failure, including its classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and clinical syndromes. It describes how heart failure occurs when the heart is overloaded or the heart muscle is disordered. It discusses the neuroendocrine and cellular changes that occur in heart failure and how this impacts fluid retention, circulatory pressures, and organ function. Specifically, it outlines the features of left heart failure including common causes, symptoms of pulmonary congestion, physical exam findings, investigations such as echocardiography and natriuretic peptide levels, and how to differentiate it from other conditions like pulmonary disease.
This document provides information on congestive cardiac failure (CCF), including its definition, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. CCF occurs when the heart muscle is weakened and cannot maintain adequate cardiac output. The pathophysiology involves changes in preload, afterload, and contractility that decrease cardiac output. Compensatory mechanisms initially help but later worsen symptoms. Clinically, CCF presents with dyspnea, edema, elevated JVP, hepatomegaly, and other signs. Investigations include BNP, ECG, echocardiogram. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, reducing preload/afterload, and improving contractility. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta
1. The document provides an overview of heart failure, including the physiology of the circulatory system, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, and pathophysiology of heart failure.
2. It describes the compensatory mechanisms in acute heart failure and the progression to chronic heart failure if not compensated, including fluid retention leading to edema.
3. The different types of heart failure are outlined, including systolic vs diastolic, left vs right sided, low vs high output, and the symptoms and causes of pulmonary and peripheral edema.
Congestive cardiac failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart or make it work harder over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue, and confusion. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. Medications aim to reduce the heart's workload by dilating blood vessels, removing fluid buildup, or increasing pumping ability. The goal is to manage symptoms and slow the progression of heart failure.
This document describes signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. It discusses common symptoms like dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, edema (swelling), palpitations, cyanosis (blue skin/lips), syncope (fainting), fatigue, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood). It provides details on classifying dyspnea severity and causes of different dyspnea types. Other sections cover mechanisms of dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema, palpitations, cyanosis, syncope, fatigue, and cough in the context of heart conditions. The document also lists examination findings like appearance, vital signs, jugular
1 billion people worldwide have high blood pressure, and this number is expected to increase to 1.56 billion people by the year 2025
Lets gear up to take on this future opportunity by offering
Range of brands benefitting the patients
Suffering from
Hypertension
Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional impairment of the ventricle that reduces its ability to fill or eject blood. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in adults over 65 years old. The document defines heart failure, discusses its key concepts like cardiac output and ejection fraction, classifications like NYHA and ACC/AHA stages, risk factors, pathophysiology including compensatory mechanisms and remodeling, symptoms, complications, diagnostic tests and emergency management.
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that weaken the heart like heart attacks or high blood pressure. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected and include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, chest x-rays, echocardiograms and may include further tests. Treatment focuses on reducing workload on the heart with medications, lowering sodium intake to reduce fluid retention, and medications to improve the heart's pumping ability.
Congestive heart failure is a syndrome where the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's needs. It is caused by any interference with the normal mechanisms regulating cardiac output. Common causes include hypertension, myocardial infarction, and valvular disorders. The main goals of treatment are to improve left ventricular function by decreasing preload and afterload, improving gas exchange, and enhancing cardiac contractility. Management involves diuretics, vasodilators, and other medications alongside lifestyle modifications like sodium and fluid restrictions.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of the ventricle that reduces its ability to fill with or eject blood. It impacts over 5 million Americans with high costs of care. The key aspects are reduced cardiac output, ejection fraction, preload and afterload. Compensatory mechanisms initially help but eventually fail, leading to fluid overload and decompensation. Diagnosis involves history, exam, echocardiogram and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms and stages from risk factor modification to drug therapy and devices.
This document provides information on the approach to heart failure in the intensive care unit. It begins with statistics on the incidence and prevalence of heart failure. It then discusses the morbidity, mortality, definitions, types, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, compensatory mechanisms, and prognosis of heart failure. Key points include that heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization, the median age of presentation is 76, and the 5-year mortality rate is around 50-60%. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol abuse. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance in preload and afterload. Diagnostic tests include BNP/NT-proBNP levels and echocardiogram. Comp
Heart failure is a common condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from structural or functional disorders of the heart. The document provides details on the definition, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, classification systems, and treatment of heart failure. It emphasizes the importance of controlling risk factors, using medications such as ACE inhibitors and diuretics to manage symptoms, and making lifestyle changes like following a low-sodium diet and exercising regularly.
This document provides an overview of heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure. It defines HF as a state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands, resulting in organ hypoperfusion. Common causes include cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. Symptoms include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. Treatment focuses on reducing preload and afterload through diuretics, vasodilators, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to decrease workload on the heart.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in NURS 216 Spring 2013 related to cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and disorders. Key points include:
- Review of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and mechanical functions of the heart.
- Discussion of disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and venous disorders.
- Objectives are to review cardiovascular concepts and discuss various cardiovascular disorders, including their causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in NURS 216 Spring 2013 related to the cardiovascular system. It includes:
1) A reading assignment from the textbook and objectives to review cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and disorders.
2) An outline of topics such as the heart's mechanical functions, layers of the heart, blood pressure regulation, arterial and venous systems, electrocardiograms, and cardiac output.
3) Details on specific cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, aneurysms, and orthostatic hypotension.
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects approximately 2% of the developed world and is most commonly caused by coronary artery disease or hypertension damaging the heart muscle. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and confusion. Treatment involves medications to reduce fluid retention, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and devices or surgery for more severe cases.
Heart failure results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. It can involve systolic or diastolic dysfunction. As the heart pumps less effectively, blood moves through the heart and body more slowly and pressure builds up in the heart. This prevents the heart from supplying enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. Heart failure prevalence is increasing and is a major cause of hospitalization. Risk factors include coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected and include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and irregular heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, BNP levels, chest x-
The kidney filters blood to produce urine and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and tubule. The proximal tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered sodium, as well as other solutes. In the loop of Henle, the thick ascending limb reabsorbs sodium via sodium-potassium pumps. The distal tubule and collecting duct regulate further sodium reabsorption and water reabsorption under hormonal control. Diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption at various points along the nephron to increase sodium and water excretion.
This document discusses heart failure, including its classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and clinical syndromes. It describes how heart failure occurs when the heart is overloaded or the heart muscle is disordered. It discusses the neuroendocrine and cellular changes that occur in heart failure and how this impacts fluid retention, circulatory pressures, and organ function. Specifically, it outlines the features of left heart failure including common causes, symptoms of pulmonary congestion, physical exam findings, investigations such as echocardiography and natriuretic peptide levels, and how to differentiate it from other conditions like pulmonary disease.
This document provides information on congestive cardiac failure (CCF), including its definition, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. CCF occurs when the heart muscle is weakened and cannot maintain adequate cardiac output. The pathophysiology involves changes in preload, afterload, and contractility that decrease cardiac output. Compensatory mechanisms initially help but later worsen symptoms. Clinically, CCF presents with dyspnea, edema, elevated JVP, hepatomegaly, and other signs. Investigations include BNP, ECG, echocardiogram. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, reducing preload/afterload, and improving contractility. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta
1. The document provides an overview of heart failure, including the physiology of the circulatory system, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, and pathophysiology of heart failure.
2. It describes the compensatory mechanisms in acute heart failure and the progression to chronic heart failure if not compensated, including fluid retention leading to edema.
3. The different types of heart failure are outlined, including systolic vs diastolic, left vs right sided, low vs high output, and the symptoms and causes of pulmonary and peripheral edema.
Congestive cardiac failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart or make it work harder over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue, and confusion. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. Medications aim to reduce the heart's workload by dilating blood vessels, removing fluid buildup, or increasing pumping ability. The goal is to manage symptoms and slow the progression of heart failure.
This document describes signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. It discusses common symptoms like dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, edema (swelling), palpitations, cyanosis (blue skin/lips), syncope (fainting), fatigue, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood). It provides details on classifying dyspnea severity and causes of different dyspnea types. Other sections cover mechanisms of dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema, palpitations, cyanosis, syncope, fatigue, and cough in the context of heart conditions. The document also lists examination findings like appearance, vital signs, jugular
1 billion people worldwide have high blood pressure, and this number is expected to increase to 1.56 billion people by the year 2025
Lets gear up to take on this future opportunity by offering
Range of brands benefitting the patients
Suffering from
Hypertension
Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional impairment of the ventricle that reduces its ability to fill or eject blood. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in adults over 65 years old. The document defines heart failure, discusses its key concepts like cardiac output and ejection fraction, classifications like NYHA and ACC/AHA stages, risk factors, pathophysiology including compensatory mechanisms and remodeling, symptoms, complications, diagnostic tests and emergency management.
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
The best massage spa Ajman is Chandrima Spa Ajman, which was founded in 2023 and is exclusively for men 24 hours a day. As of right now, our parent firm has been providing massage services to over 50,000+ clients in Ajman for the past 10 years. It has about 8+ branches. This demonstrates that Chandrima Spa Ajman is among the most reasonably priced spas in Ajman and the ideal place to unwind and rejuvenate. We provide a wide range of Spa massage treatments, including Indian, Pakistani, Kerala, Malayali, and body-to-body massages. Numerous massage techniques are available, including deep tissue, Swedish, Thai, Russian, and hot stone massages. Our massage therapists produce genuinely unique treatments that generate a revitalized sense of inner serenely by fusing modern techniques, the cleanest natural substances, and traditional holistic therapists.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance OfficersConference Panel
Join us for a comprehensive 90-minute lesson designed specifically for Compliance Officers and Practice/Business Managers. This 2024 HIPAA Training session will guide you through the critical steps needed to ensure your practice is fully prepared for upcoming audits. Key updates and significant changes under the Omnibus Rule will be covered, along with the latest applicable updates for 2024.
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At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
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Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
The "Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips" offers essential guidance for navigating rainy weather conditions. It covers strategies for staying safe during storms, flood prevention measures, and advice on preparing for inclement weather. This advisory aims to ensure individuals are equipped with the knowledge and resources to handle the challenges of the rainy season effectively, emphasizing safety, preparedness, and resilience.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
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2. – Approximately 30-40% of
patients with CHF are
hospitalized each year.
Leading diagnosis-related
group over 65. The 5 year
mortality after Dx was
reported as 60% in men and
45% in women in 1971. In
1991, data from the
Farmington heart study
showed the 5 year mortality
rate remaining unchanged,
with a median survival of
3.2 years for men, and 5.4
years for women, post dx.
– The most common cause of
death is progressive heart
failure, but sudden death
may account for up to 45%
of all deaths.
– Patients with coexisting
IDDM have a significantly
higher mortality rate.
3. – Effects an estimated
4.9 million Americans
– 1% of adults 50-60
– 10% adults over 80
– Over 550,000 new
cases annually
– $28.7 million
committed in research
dollars each year
– $132 million for lung
cancer, affecting
390,000 Americans
– Responsible for 5-10% of
all hospital admissions
– Causes or contributes to
approximately 250,000
deaths per year
4. – An imbalance in pump function in which the
heart fails to maintain the circulation of blood
adequately.
5. Summarized as an imbalance in Starlings
forces or an imbalance in the degree of end-
diastolic fiber stretch proportional to the
systolic mechanical work expended in the
ensuing contraction.
Or basically like a rubber band, the more it
is stretched, the greater the releasing
velocity.
6. – Under normal circumstances, when fluid is
transferred into the lung interstitium with
increased lymphatic flow, no increase in
interstitial volume occurs.
– However, when the capacity of the lymphatic
drainage is exceeded, liquid accumulates in the
interstitial spaces surrounding the bronchioles
and lung vasculature, this creating CHF.
– When increased fluid and pressure cause
tracking into the interstitial space around the
alveoli and disruption of alveolar membrane
junctions, fluid floods the alveoli and leads to
pulmonary edema
8. – Preload—
• The amount of blood the
heart must pump with each
beat
• Determined by:
– Venous return to heart
– Accompanying stretch
of the muscle fibers
• Increasing preload
increase stroke volume in
normal heart
• Increasing preload
impaired heart
decreased SV. Blood is
trapped chamber
enlargement
– Afterload—
• The pressure that must be
overcome for the heart to
pump blood into the
arterial system.
• Dependent on the systemic
vascular resistance
• With increased afterload,
the heart muscles must
work harder to overcome
the constricted vascular
bed chamber
enlargement
• Increasing the afterload
will eventually decrease
the cardiac output.
9. – When cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in
the heart’s arteries, less blood reaches the heart
muscle. This damages the muscle, and the
healthy heart tissue that remains has to work
harder
10. – Uncontrolled HTN doubles the chances of
failure
– With HTN, the chambers of the heart enlarge
and weaken.
11. – Can result from disease, infection, or be
congenital
– Don’t open and/or close completely
increased workload failure
12. – Tachycardias decreased diastolic filling time
decreased SV.
– Atrial dysrhythmias as much as 30%
reduction in stroke volume
13. – The ischemic tissue is basically taken out of the
equation, leaving a portion of the heart to do the
work of the entire heart decreased SV
CHF.
14. – Tend to be overweight
– HTN
– Hyperlipidemia
16. – Left Ventricular Failure with Pulmonary Edema
• Aka—systolic heart failure
– Right Ventricular Failure
• Aka—diastolic heart failure
17. The smooth, glistening pleural surface of a lung is shown here. This patient had
marked pulmonary edema, which increased the fluid in the lymphatics that run
between lung lobules. Thus, the lung lobules are outlined in white.
18. – Occurs when the left
ventricle fails as an
effective forward pump
– back pressure of blood
into the pulmonary
circulation
– pulmonary edema
– Cannot eject all of the blood
delivered from the right
heart.
– Left atrial pressure rises
increased pressure in the
pulmonary veins and
capillaries
– When pressure
becomes to high, the
fluid portion of the
blood is forced into the
alveoli.
– decreased
oxygenation capacity
of the lungs
– AMI common with
LVF, suspect
19. – Severe resp. distress–
• Evidenced by
orthopnea, dyspnea
• Hx of paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea.
– Severe apprehension,
agitation, confusion—
• Resulting from hypoxia
• Feels like he/she is
smothering
– Cyanosis—
– Diaphoresis—
• Results from
sympathetic stimulation
– Pulmonary congestion
• Often present
• Rales—especially at the
bases.
• Rhonchi—associated
with fluid in the larger
airways indicative of
severe failure
• Wheezes—response to
airway spasm
20. – Jugular Venous
Distention—not directly
related to LVF.
• Comes from back pressure
building from right heart
into venous circulation
– Vital Signs—
• Significant increase in
sympathetic discharge to
compensate.
• BP—elevated
• Pulse rate—elevated to
compensate for decreased
stroke volume.
• Respirations—rapid and
labored
21. – LOC—
• may vary.
• Depends on the level of hypoxia
– Chest Pain
• May in the presence of MI
• Can be masked by the RDS.
22. REMEMBER LEFT VENTRICULAR
FAILURE IS A TRUE LIFE
THREATENING EMERGENCY
23. – Etiology—
• Acute MI—
– Inferior MI
• Pulmonary disease
– COPD, fibrosis, HTN
• Cardiac disease
involving the left or
both ventricles
• Results from LVF
– Pathophysiology—
• Decreased right-sided
cardiac output or
increased pulmonary
vascular resistance
increased right vent.
Pressures.
• As pressures rise, this
increased pressure in
the right atrium and
venous system
• Higher right atrium
pressures JVP
24. – In the peripheral veins, pressures rise and the
capillary pressures increase, hydrostatic
pressure exceeds that of interstitial pressure
– Fluid leaks from the capillaries into the
surrounding tissues causing peripheral edema
– Lungs are clear due to left ventricular pressures
are normal
25. – Marked JVD
– Clear chest
– Hypotension
– Marked peripheral
edema
– Ascites, hepatomegaly
– Poor exercise tolerance
– The first three are for
an inferior MI,
describe cardiac
tamponade.
– Often will be on Lasix,
Digoxin,
– Have chronic pump
failure
27. – Stimulated by decreased perfusion secretion
of hormones
• Epi—
– Increases contractility
– Increases rate and pressure
– Vasoconstriction SVR
• Vasopressin—
– Pituitary gland
– Mild vasoconstriction, renal water retention
28. – Decreased renal blood flow secondary to low
cardiac output triggers renin secretion by the
kidneys
• Aldosterone is released increase in Na+ retention
water retention
• Preload increases
• Worsening failure
29. – Long term compensatory mechanism
– Increases in size due to increase in work load ie
skeletal muscle
30. COPD CHF Pneumonia
Cough Frequent Occasional Frequent
Wheeze Frequent Occasional Frequent
Sputum Thick Thin/white Thick/yellow/
brown
Hemoptysis Occasionally Pink frothy occasionally
PND Sometimes after
a few hours
Often within 1
hour
Rare
Smoking Common Less common Less common
Pedal edema Occasional Common with
chronic
none
31. COPD CHF Pneumonia
Onset Often URI with
cough
Orthopnea at
night
Gradual with
fever, cough
Chest Pain pleuritic Substernal,
crushing
Pleuritic, often
localized
Clubbing Often Rare Rare
Cyanosis Often and severe Initially mild but
progresses
May be present
Diaphoresis May be present Mild to heavy Dry to moist
Pursed Lips Often Rare Rare unless
COPD
32. COPD CHF Pneumonia
Barrel Chest Common Rare Rare unless
COPD
JVD May be present
with RVF
Mild to severe Rare
BP Usually normal Often high Normal
Dysrhythmia Occasional May precipitate
CHF
Common
Wheeze Common Less common Common
Crackles Coarse, diffuse Fine to coarse,
begin in gravity
dependent areas
Localized to
diffuse, coarse
33. – Aimed at diminishing the compensatory
mechanisms of low cardiac output and also
improving contractility
– Vasodilators—ACE inhibitors
– Diuretic agents
– Inotropic agents
34. – Dilate blood vessels
– Often constricted due
to activation of the
sympathetic nervous
system and the renin-
angiotensin-
aldosterone system.
– Aka—ACE inhibitors
– Common ACE
inhibitors
• Captopril
• Lisinopril
• Vasotec
• Monopril
• Accupril
– Nitrates
36. – Digoxin
– Lanoxin
Increases the contractility of the heart
increasing the cardiac output
37. – Nifedipine
– Diltiazem
– Verapamil
– Amlodipine
– Felodipine
– Used to dilate blood
vessels
– Used mostly with CHF
in the presence of
ischemia
38. – Metoprolol
– Atenolol
– Propanolol
– Amiodarone
– Useful by blocking the
beta-adrengergic
receptors of the
sympathetic nervous
system, the heart rate
and force of
contractility are
decreased could
actually worsen CHF
39. – The prehospital goals for managing CHF
– Promotion of rest
– Relief of anxiety
– Decreasing cardiac workload
– Attainment of normal tissue perfusion
40. – DO NOT make these patient’s walk
– Could start a fluid “rush” into the alveoli
– Try to get them to sit still if they appear
agitated and hypoxic
41. – Often experienced
– Leads to increase in O2 demand and cardiac
workload
– Explain what you are doing
– MS 2 mg for treatment of anxiety and for
decreasing preload
45. – Prevent the production of the chemicals that
causes blood vessels to narrow
– Resulting in blood pressure decreasing and the
heart pumping easier