There now exists a novel field-proven, rig-less, low-cost approach to reducing and eliminating Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) via application of Chemix CASEGUARD 2.2. This application is based on using a safe, solids-free ultra-heavy brine with no environmental constraints that is easy to apply, field proven and a safe remedy for SCP in "B" and "C" annuli. Attached is a brochure outlining the formate brine which includes reference to case histories and product details. SCP is an increasingly worrying problem concerning Operators and Regulators worldwide. I would be happy to discuss in more depth if you reply directly, or please contact info@chemixsolutions.com for further information and well specific details.
Thank you
Brooks Frazier
Chemix
CASEGUARD 2.2 is a heavy formate brine developed by Chemix as a rig-less, low-cost solution for sustained casing pressure (SCP) caused by gas migration through failed cement barriers. It has been successfully used in over 20 wells by a major gas consortium to control SCP through periodic bleeding and lubing of annular fluids. By gradually replacing the annular fluid and gas cap with the dense CASEGUARD 2.2 brine, the hydrostatic pressure is increased to counter the gas ingress. As a clear, stable fluid compatible with well components, it can penetrate cement microchannels and provide long-term SCP control with typical treatments requiring just 150-250 liters over 3 months
This document describes a rig-less solution called CASEGUARD 2.2 for treating sustained casing pressure (SCP) in oil and gas wells. CASEGUARD 2.2 is a heavy formate brine that can be injected into annular spaces to gradually replace gas and raise hydrostatic pressure, stopping further gas ingress through cracks in cement. It has been successfully used to treat SCP in over 20 wells by a major gas field operator. CASEGUARD 2.2 meets the demanding specifications for a heavy bleed-and-lube fluid and provides a lower-cost alternative to rig-based cement squeezing for remediating SCP.
This document provides information about cesium formate brine, including its uses, benefits, and the company that produces it. Specifically:
- Cesium formate brine is a high-density, non-toxic brine used for drilling, completing, and suspending deep gas wells. It can have densities up to 143 pcf.
- Using cesium formate brine improves economics by allowing faster drilling and completions while improving well safety. It also maximizes reservoir production and definition.
- Cabot Corporation produces cesium formate brine from pollucite ore in Canada. It has been used in over 250 deep gas wells worldwide since 1999.
The document discusses oil recovery methods including primary, secondary, and tertiary (enhanced oil recovery) techniques. Primary recovery uses natural reservoir pressures to produce 10-25% of oil initially in place. Secondary recovery maintains pressure through water or gas flooding to produce additional oil. Tertiary/enhanced oil recovery (EOR) uses sophisticated thermal or non-thermal methods like gas injection to extract more oil, becoming more important as oil prices rise. The document focuses on different driving mechanisms in primary recovery and introduces EOR methods.
The document summarizes a waterflood process for enhanced oil recovery using seawater injection. It discusses two options for pre-treating the seawater - sulfate removal membrane and nitrate injection. The nitrate injection process is selected, which involves filtration, deaeration, and injection of chemicals including nitrates, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors. A process flow diagram is presented showing the main unit operations for nitrate injection including filtration, deaeration, and multiple chemical injection points.
The document discusses water shut-off methods for depleted oil and gas wells using polymer injection techniques. It provides details on the impacts of water production on wells, including more complex separation and rapid corrosion. Main causes of water production are discussed, along with well-known shut-off techniques like polymer and gel injection. The benefits of the company's proprietary water shut-off technology using polymer composites are summarized, including increased oil recovery rates up to 80-140% compared to standard extraction methods. Application experience is provided on wells up to 6,000m deep and 190°C, decreasing water cuts by 75-95%.
The Cambay #15 well has experienced 100% water cut due to excess water production. To address this, a squeeze cement job will be performed to seal off the existing open interval between 1400-1404.5m. Cement will be squeezed into this zone and the tubing shoe adjusted upwards to 1395m to perforate a new production zone higher in the formation, transferring production to upper sands with the aim of resuming oil production.
This document discusses various methods for controlling water and gas coning in oil wells, including dual completions, chemical treatments, and downhole water sink (DWS) technology. DWS involves installing a second completion below the oil-water contact to drain and produce water, preventing it from coning into the main oil zone. It has been shown to effectively control coning through creating a hysteresis effect. While simple to implement, DWS may not be economical for low-producing wells. Overall, DWS appears to be one of the most effective methods for retarding unwanted water and gas influx compared to alternatives like producing below critical rates or using polymers that can damage the reservoir.
CASEGUARD 2.2 is a heavy formate brine developed by Chemix as a rig-less, low-cost solution for sustained casing pressure (SCP) caused by gas migration through failed cement barriers. It has been successfully used in over 20 wells by a major gas consortium to control SCP through periodic bleeding and lubing of annular fluids. By gradually replacing the annular fluid and gas cap with the dense CASEGUARD 2.2 brine, the hydrostatic pressure is increased to counter the gas ingress. As a clear, stable fluid compatible with well components, it can penetrate cement microchannels and provide long-term SCP control with typical treatments requiring just 150-250 liters over 3 months
This document describes a rig-less solution called CASEGUARD 2.2 for treating sustained casing pressure (SCP) in oil and gas wells. CASEGUARD 2.2 is a heavy formate brine that can be injected into annular spaces to gradually replace gas and raise hydrostatic pressure, stopping further gas ingress through cracks in cement. It has been successfully used to treat SCP in over 20 wells by a major gas field operator. CASEGUARD 2.2 meets the demanding specifications for a heavy bleed-and-lube fluid and provides a lower-cost alternative to rig-based cement squeezing for remediating SCP.
This document provides information about cesium formate brine, including its uses, benefits, and the company that produces it. Specifically:
- Cesium formate brine is a high-density, non-toxic brine used for drilling, completing, and suspending deep gas wells. It can have densities up to 143 pcf.
- Using cesium formate brine improves economics by allowing faster drilling and completions while improving well safety. It also maximizes reservoir production and definition.
- Cabot Corporation produces cesium formate brine from pollucite ore in Canada. It has been used in over 250 deep gas wells worldwide since 1999.
The document discusses oil recovery methods including primary, secondary, and tertiary (enhanced oil recovery) techniques. Primary recovery uses natural reservoir pressures to produce 10-25% of oil initially in place. Secondary recovery maintains pressure through water or gas flooding to produce additional oil. Tertiary/enhanced oil recovery (EOR) uses sophisticated thermal or non-thermal methods like gas injection to extract more oil, becoming more important as oil prices rise. The document focuses on different driving mechanisms in primary recovery and introduces EOR methods.
The document summarizes a waterflood process for enhanced oil recovery using seawater injection. It discusses two options for pre-treating the seawater - sulfate removal membrane and nitrate injection. The nitrate injection process is selected, which involves filtration, deaeration, and injection of chemicals including nitrates, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors. A process flow diagram is presented showing the main unit operations for nitrate injection including filtration, deaeration, and multiple chemical injection points.
The document discusses water shut-off methods for depleted oil and gas wells using polymer injection techniques. It provides details on the impacts of water production on wells, including more complex separation and rapid corrosion. Main causes of water production are discussed, along with well-known shut-off techniques like polymer and gel injection. The benefits of the company's proprietary water shut-off technology using polymer composites are summarized, including increased oil recovery rates up to 80-140% compared to standard extraction methods. Application experience is provided on wells up to 6,000m deep and 190°C, decreasing water cuts by 75-95%.
The Cambay #15 well has experienced 100% water cut due to excess water production. To address this, a squeeze cement job will be performed to seal off the existing open interval between 1400-1404.5m. Cement will be squeezed into this zone and the tubing shoe adjusted upwards to 1395m to perforate a new production zone higher in the formation, transferring production to upper sands with the aim of resuming oil production.
This document discusses various methods for controlling water and gas coning in oil wells, including dual completions, chemical treatments, and downhole water sink (DWS) technology. DWS involves installing a second completion below the oil-water contact to drain and produce water, preventing it from coning into the main oil zone. It has been shown to effectively control coning through creating a hysteresis effect. While simple to implement, DWS may not be economical for low-producing wells. Overall, DWS appears to be one of the most effective methods for retarding unwanted water and gas influx compared to alternatives like producing below critical rates or using polymers that can damage the reservoir.
The document summarizes the installation of an innovative "Capillary Conveyed" gas lift extension system in a well in Vietnam. The existing gas lift system was no longer effective due to declining reservoir pressures. The new system used a 0.75" diameter capillary string to extend the gas lift injection point deeper into the well. After installation, the well resumed production, flowing for 60 days at rates exceeding expectations before being placed on a production cycle. Cumulative production since was 43,000 barrels of oil, with an estimated payback of only 4 days for the installation. The installation demonstrated that the new technology can effectively reinstate production from wells with inefficient gas lift systems.
This document provides guidelines for hydraulic fracturing operations. It discusses fracture geometry and propagation, noting that fractures are generally planar and oriented perpendicular to the minimum in-situ stress. For horizontal wells, longitudinal or transverse fractures may form depending on well orientation. Near-wellbore fractures can be non-planar and reorient to the far-field direction. The document also outlines factors that control fracture containment and propagation, and introduces basic hydraulic fracturing models, fluid systems, proppants, data acquisition methods, and design considerations.
This document discusses coning problems and remedies. Coning occurs when water or gas moves into well perforations during production, reducing productivity. It impacts reservoir depletion and recovery efficiency. Problems include added costs of handling water or gas, reduced pressure without displacement effects, and early well abandonment. Coning can occur in both horizontal and vertical wells. Remedies include reducing production rates and improving well completion.
First use of cesium formate LSOBM as well perforating fluid (2002) John Downs
This document discusses the development and application of a low-solid oil-based perforation fluid to maximize well productivity in the Visund oil field. Laboratory tests showed that conventional calcium bromide brines can impair permeability and react with zinc perforation charges. A new low-solid invert emulsion perforation fluid with cesium formate was developed and successfully used to perforate well A-23H, resulting in productivity 3-4 times higher than previous wells in the field.
Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
EOR choices for light Tight Oil
Potential damage to reservoir and well bore.
Water Specifications & Treatment
Case Studies:
1. Advanced Water Flooding
2. Frac injectors?
3. Low Salinity Water Flooding
Topics Include:
Filtration
Water Quality
Reservoir Pressure
Flexim Fluxus Ultrasonic Flow Meters - Flow Measurement In Gas Storage Operat...Thorne & Derrick UK
Underground gas storage facilities face challenges with bidirectional gas flow that varies widely in rate. Ultrasonic clamp-on flow measurement provides accurate measurement of gas and liquid flows in both directions without intruding in the pipe. It is unaffected by pressure, wetness, or contaminants and does not cause pressure loss. This allows ultrasonic flow measurement to be used throughout gas storage operations from wellhead injection and withdrawal to dehydration, compression, and storage of liquefied natural gas.
HPHT (High Pressure - High Temperature) wells have a downhole environment of more than 10,000psi (690 bar) and/or 300 deg F (140 deg C). These conditions are increasingly encountered in many basins worldwide, as exploration and production examine deeper and hotter objectives.
In attending this course, participants will gain knowledge and develops skills relating to HPHT Well Engineering. The course focuses on key characteristics and challenges of HPHT wells from well design, planning, engineering and operational perspectives.
This document provides an overview of NFPA 30-2008 requirements for storage tank safety:
1) Chapter 21 outlines general requirements for storage tanks including design standards, materials, testing, hazard analysis, identification and overfill prevention. Tanks must meet engineering standards and be compatible with the stored liquid.
2) Chapter 22 covers aboveground tank requirements such as location, separation distances from property lines and buildings based on tank type and capacity. Emergency venting is required for certain tank types. Spill control includes diking or remote impounding.
3) Chapter 23 addresses underground tank installation including following manufacturer instructions, proper excavation to avoid undermining structures, and location.
This document discusses the importance of tank cleaning and maintenance. Periodic maintenance is much cheaper than expensive repairs that would be required for unmaintained tanks. Proper maintenance through regular inspections can prevent early tank failure. All types of storage tanks require some level of maintenance to protect the integrity of the tank and quality of its contents.
2018 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit - Haskel Unveils New Hydrogen Techno...Haskel International
At the 2018 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit in Brussels, Belgium, the newest Haskel technology was unveiled. Haskel Product Engineer Pooya Mahmoudian presented on prevention methods for H2 embrittlement in pressure vessels and discussed an entirely new industry technology that has the potential to dramatically impact prices for companies developing hydrogen refueling stations.
Review Mahmoudian's presentation to learn more about Haskel's new technology and the advancements we're making in hydrogen technology.
GTC's High Performance Tray Tower SolutionsGTC Technology
This document provides an overview of GTC Technology, a global licensor of process technologies and mass transfer solutions. It discusses GTC's proprietary and conventional tray solutions for distillation columns, including their high performance GT-OPTIM trays. The GT-OPTIM trays are designed to achieve plug flow for increased efficiency and capacity compared to conventional trays. The document also outlines GTC's engineering services for distillation column revamps and customized tray designs.
HPHT Casing and Tubing: Standards and Specifications – Presented by Stuart Co...Jj HanXue
Key topics presented include:
• HPHT wells are now being developed by a larger number of operators
• Casing and connections provide the barriers to maintain well integrity. Material and Connection Selection depend on the risk profile
• The optimum value is defined by the operator following the assessment of the risks
This presentation gives a brief overview of the selection, qualification and manufacturing of both the pipe and connections, including additional aspects that should be included for HPHT wells.
For the complete presentation, visit http://bit.ly/M4I0Pa.
For more information, please visit http://www.hphtwells.com/ss-brochure.
This document summarizes a presentation on the use of formate brines for deep gas field development projects. It finds that formate brines provide operational efficiencies over conventional drilling fluids by providing a more stable wellbore, faster tripping speeds, and fewer well control incidents. These efficiencies can reduce well construction costs and times. The document also finds that fields developed using only formate brines were able to recover 90% of reserves within 7-8 years, indicating formate brines may enable more efficient production.
Review of EOR Selection for light tight oil
Key Themes:
Upfront EOR Development Planning
Cash is king but Permeability Rules
Geology Selects Technology
Nanospheres, Steam Flooding, Misc Gas Flooding, EOR Selection Criteria
The document discusses a solution developed to address repeated failures of diaphragm welds in refinery heat exchangers. The solution involved eliminating the diaphragm plate and replacing it with a double-tapered, self-energizing metal pressure seal. Finite element analysis validated that the seal would keep components in an elastic state with stresses below code limits. The retrofit successfully eliminated cracking as the root cause of leaks, increasing equipment reliability while reducing downtime and costs during maintenance.
The presentation introduces ATECO and its Rewinder Earthing System (RES 2000) product. The RES 2000 is a grounding system for floating roof storage tanks that substantially reduces the risk of tank fires caused by lightning strikes or other electrical phenomena. It provides a low-impedance electrical bond between the tank shell and roof that is reliable and unaffected by factors like corrosion or the roof's position. The RES 2000 is cost-effective, easy to install, long-lasting with minimal maintenance needs, and able to retrofit existing tanks effectively.
The document discusses plans for using self-compacting concrete with a waterproofing admixture called KIM for a raft pour at the Damac Heights project. Key points include:
- The raft's original waterproofing was damaged by flooding, so the client approved using self-compacting concrete and KIM instead of removing the rebar and redoing the waterproofing.
- Extensive preparations were made, including mix designs, mockups, and equipment to monitor temperature and workability during the large 46-hour pour.
- KIM reacts with cement to form crystals that fill pores and cracks, permanently blocking pathways for water. It is added on site during mixing and requires special
Civil engineering student Muhammad Awais submitted a report on concrete admixtures. The report defines admixtures as materials other than cement, water and aggregates that are added to concrete to give it special properties. It explains that admixtures are used to improve workability, strength, durability and other qualities of concrete. The main types of admixtures discussed are plasticizers, superplasticizers, accelerators, retarders and air-entraining agents. Mineral admixtures like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are also outlined. The report provides details on the purpose, composition and effects of various admixtures.
This document provides an introduction to self-consolidating concrete (SCC), including its origins in Japan in the 1980s, its key properties of low yield stress and high viscosity, and factors for successful mixes. SCC flows easily but remains homogeneous, eliminating the need for vibration. It enables productivity gains but requires careful quality control. While more expensive initially than conventional concrete, SCC provides economic benefits through reduced labor and improved aesthetics and safety.
The document summarizes the installation of an innovative "Capillary Conveyed" gas lift extension system in a well in Vietnam. The existing gas lift system was no longer effective due to declining reservoir pressures. The new system used a 0.75" diameter capillary string to extend the gas lift injection point deeper into the well. After installation, the well resumed production, flowing for 60 days at rates exceeding expectations before being placed on a production cycle. Cumulative production since was 43,000 barrels of oil, with an estimated payback of only 4 days for the installation. The installation demonstrated that the new technology can effectively reinstate production from wells with inefficient gas lift systems.
This document provides guidelines for hydraulic fracturing operations. It discusses fracture geometry and propagation, noting that fractures are generally planar and oriented perpendicular to the minimum in-situ stress. For horizontal wells, longitudinal or transverse fractures may form depending on well orientation. Near-wellbore fractures can be non-planar and reorient to the far-field direction. The document also outlines factors that control fracture containment and propagation, and introduces basic hydraulic fracturing models, fluid systems, proppants, data acquisition methods, and design considerations.
This document discusses coning problems and remedies. Coning occurs when water or gas moves into well perforations during production, reducing productivity. It impacts reservoir depletion and recovery efficiency. Problems include added costs of handling water or gas, reduced pressure without displacement effects, and early well abandonment. Coning can occur in both horizontal and vertical wells. Remedies include reducing production rates and improving well completion.
First use of cesium formate LSOBM as well perforating fluid (2002) John Downs
This document discusses the development and application of a low-solid oil-based perforation fluid to maximize well productivity in the Visund oil field. Laboratory tests showed that conventional calcium bromide brines can impair permeability and react with zinc perforation charges. A new low-solid invert emulsion perforation fluid with cesium formate was developed and successfully used to perforate well A-23H, resulting in productivity 3-4 times higher than previous wells in the field.
Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
EOR choices for light Tight Oil
Potential damage to reservoir and well bore.
Water Specifications & Treatment
Case Studies:
1. Advanced Water Flooding
2. Frac injectors?
3. Low Salinity Water Flooding
Topics Include:
Filtration
Water Quality
Reservoir Pressure
Flexim Fluxus Ultrasonic Flow Meters - Flow Measurement In Gas Storage Operat...Thorne & Derrick UK
Underground gas storage facilities face challenges with bidirectional gas flow that varies widely in rate. Ultrasonic clamp-on flow measurement provides accurate measurement of gas and liquid flows in both directions without intruding in the pipe. It is unaffected by pressure, wetness, or contaminants and does not cause pressure loss. This allows ultrasonic flow measurement to be used throughout gas storage operations from wellhead injection and withdrawal to dehydration, compression, and storage of liquefied natural gas.
HPHT (High Pressure - High Temperature) wells have a downhole environment of more than 10,000psi (690 bar) and/or 300 deg F (140 deg C). These conditions are increasingly encountered in many basins worldwide, as exploration and production examine deeper and hotter objectives.
In attending this course, participants will gain knowledge and develops skills relating to HPHT Well Engineering. The course focuses on key characteristics and challenges of HPHT wells from well design, planning, engineering and operational perspectives.
This document provides an overview of NFPA 30-2008 requirements for storage tank safety:
1) Chapter 21 outlines general requirements for storage tanks including design standards, materials, testing, hazard analysis, identification and overfill prevention. Tanks must meet engineering standards and be compatible with the stored liquid.
2) Chapter 22 covers aboveground tank requirements such as location, separation distances from property lines and buildings based on tank type and capacity. Emergency venting is required for certain tank types. Spill control includes diking or remote impounding.
3) Chapter 23 addresses underground tank installation including following manufacturer instructions, proper excavation to avoid undermining structures, and location.
This document discusses the importance of tank cleaning and maintenance. Periodic maintenance is much cheaper than expensive repairs that would be required for unmaintained tanks. Proper maintenance through regular inspections can prevent early tank failure. All types of storage tanks require some level of maintenance to protect the integrity of the tank and quality of its contents.
2018 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit - Haskel Unveils New Hydrogen Techno...Haskel International
At the 2018 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit in Brussels, Belgium, the newest Haskel technology was unveiled. Haskel Product Engineer Pooya Mahmoudian presented on prevention methods for H2 embrittlement in pressure vessels and discussed an entirely new industry technology that has the potential to dramatically impact prices for companies developing hydrogen refueling stations.
Review Mahmoudian's presentation to learn more about Haskel's new technology and the advancements we're making in hydrogen technology.
GTC's High Performance Tray Tower SolutionsGTC Technology
This document provides an overview of GTC Technology, a global licensor of process technologies and mass transfer solutions. It discusses GTC's proprietary and conventional tray solutions for distillation columns, including their high performance GT-OPTIM trays. The GT-OPTIM trays are designed to achieve plug flow for increased efficiency and capacity compared to conventional trays. The document also outlines GTC's engineering services for distillation column revamps and customized tray designs.
HPHT Casing and Tubing: Standards and Specifications – Presented by Stuart Co...Jj HanXue
Key topics presented include:
• HPHT wells are now being developed by a larger number of operators
• Casing and connections provide the barriers to maintain well integrity. Material and Connection Selection depend on the risk profile
• The optimum value is defined by the operator following the assessment of the risks
This presentation gives a brief overview of the selection, qualification and manufacturing of both the pipe and connections, including additional aspects that should be included for HPHT wells.
For the complete presentation, visit http://bit.ly/M4I0Pa.
For more information, please visit http://www.hphtwells.com/ss-brochure.
This document summarizes a presentation on the use of formate brines for deep gas field development projects. It finds that formate brines provide operational efficiencies over conventional drilling fluids by providing a more stable wellbore, faster tripping speeds, and fewer well control incidents. These efficiencies can reduce well construction costs and times. The document also finds that fields developed using only formate brines were able to recover 90% of reserves within 7-8 years, indicating formate brines may enable more efficient production.
Review of EOR Selection for light tight oil
Key Themes:
Upfront EOR Development Planning
Cash is king but Permeability Rules
Geology Selects Technology
Nanospheres, Steam Flooding, Misc Gas Flooding, EOR Selection Criteria
The document discusses a solution developed to address repeated failures of diaphragm welds in refinery heat exchangers. The solution involved eliminating the diaphragm plate and replacing it with a double-tapered, self-energizing metal pressure seal. Finite element analysis validated that the seal would keep components in an elastic state with stresses below code limits. The retrofit successfully eliminated cracking as the root cause of leaks, increasing equipment reliability while reducing downtime and costs during maintenance.
The presentation introduces ATECO and its Rewinder Earthing System (RES 2000) product. The RES 2000 is a grounding system for floating roof storage tanks that substantially reduces the risk of tank fires caused by lightning strikes or other electrical phenomena. It provides a low-impedance electrical bond between the tank shell and roof that is reliable and unaffected by factors like corrosion or the roof's position. The RES 2000 is cost-effective, easy to install, long-lasting with minimal maintenance needs, and able to retrofit existing tanks effectively.
The document discusses plans for using self-compacting concrete with a waterproofing admixture called KIM for a raft pour at the Damac Heights project. Key points include:
- The raft's original waterproofing was damaged by flooding, so the client approved using self-compacting concrete and KIM instead of removing the rebar and redoing the waterproofing.
- Extensive preparations were made, including mix designs, mockups, and equipment to monitor temperature and workability during the large 46-hour pour.
- KIM reacts with cement to form crystals that fill pores and cracks, permanently blocking pathways for water. It is added on site during mixing and requires special
Civil engineering student Muhammad Awais submitted a report on concrete admixtures. The report defines admixtures as materials other than cement, water and aggregates that are added to concrete to give it special properties. It explains that admixtures are used to improve workability, strength, durability and other qualities of concrete. The main types of admixtures discussed are plasticizers, superplasticizers, accelerators, retarders and air-entraining agents. Mineral admixtures like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are also outlined. The report provides details on the purpose, composition and effects of various admixtures.
This document provides an introduction to self-consolidating concrete (SCC), including its origins in Japan in the 1980s, its key properties of low yield stress and high viscosity, and factors for successful mixes. SCC flows easily but remains homogeneous, eliminating the need for vibration. It enables productivity gains but requires careful quality control. While more expensive initially than conventional concrete, SCC provides economic benefits through reduced labor and improved aesthetics and safety.
DK Group develops and markets fuel saving technologies for ships using air lubrication systems. They have developed the Air Cavity System Super Micro Bubble Generator (ACS/SMBG) which uses air bubbles inside the boundary layer of a ship's hull to reduce frictional resistance and improve efficiency by 5-10%. Full scale trials of their ACS Demonstrator vessel confirmed efficiency savings from their model tests. DK Group is working to refine their SMBG system with further tank tests and plan to install the first SMBG system on an Aframax tanker within the next year.
The QS50KTM coating is an advanced welding technique that provides significant advantages over traditional chrome plating for reconditioning low-speed two-stroke diesel engine piston heads. It reduces wear on piston ring grooves, allowing the piston heads to last over twice as long as chrome plated ones before needing inspection. The procedure is faster than traditional methods since it uses automated welding robots. It also has environmental benefits as it does not use chrome plating. QuantiServ offers the QS50KTM reconditioning service globally, with a two-year guarantee.
Underwater concrete (UWC) requires special mix designs, placement techniques, and quality control due to the challenges of placing concrete underwater. The document discusses types of materials used in UWC including cement, aggregates, and admixtures. It also describes common placement methods like the tremie method, pump method, and bagwork. Construction techniques for placing UWC include the use of caissons and cofferdams to create a dry work environment. Proper production, quality control measures, and maintenance are needed to ensure the durability of underwater concrete structures.
This document provides information on pipeheads from KraussMaffei Berstorff for PVC pipe production. It discusses their nine pipehead sizes that cover a broad range of diameters and applications. It also describes benefits like perfect pipe quality, a stable process, tight wall thickness tolerances, and a wide processing window. The document provides details on pipehead models, dimensions, throughputs, applications for pressure classes, and the benefits of multilayer PVC pipe production.
This document provides information about well completion processes and equipment. It discusses steps like well clean up, mud displacement, perforating, and installing downhole equipment like packers, landing nipples, and side pocket mandrels. The document also outlines considerations for completion design based on factors like the wellbore, reservoir properties, and production method. Well completion aims to enable production from the reservoir to the surface.
This document provides information about well completion processes and equipment. It discusses steps like well clean up, mud displacement, perforating, and describes completion equipment such as packers, landing nipples, perforated joints, and side pocket mandrels. The document is a reference for engineers, providing technical details on well completion design, operations, and component functions.
The WrapidSealTM Manhole Encapsulation System consists of a primer and heat-shrinkable sleeve that seals joints in manholes to prevent groundwater infiltration. It can be used for new construction or rehabilitation of existing manholes. The system performs well at sealing the top portion of manholes, where rehabilitation is often limited. It forms a tight monolithic seal around manholes to control infiltration and prevent structural deterioration, extending the life of manholes and reducing costs of groundwater treatment and repairs.
The WrapidSealTM Manhole Encapsulation System consists of a primer and heat-shrinkable sleeve that seals joints in manholes to prevent groundwater infiltration. It can be used for new construction or rehabilitation of existing manholes. The system performs well in sealing the top portion of manholes, where rehabilitation is often limited. It forms a tight monolithic seal around manholes to control infiltration and prevent structural deterioration, extending the life of manholes and reducing costs of groundwater treatment and repairs.
The WrapidSealTM Manhole Encapsulation System consists of a primer and heat-shrinkable sleeve that seals joints in manholes to prevent groundwater infiltration. It can be used for new construction or rehabilitation of existing manholes. For rehabilitation, it is typically applied to the top 12-24 inches of the manhole. The heat-shrinkable sleeve conforms to irregular surfaces and seals joints, accommodating movement and providing structural integrity, particularly in the top portion where applied.
The document summarizes a steel secondary containment system for distribution transformers called the SSC-DTX. It is made of galvanized carbon steel, is leak-tight, and can contain most makes and models of distribution transformers. It offers low-cost installation and reduces on-site project time. Options include a containment flame suppression system and custom designs for any size or shape of oil-filled electrical equipment.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly fluid concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. It was developed in Japan in the 1980s in response to a shortage of skilled labor. SCC mixtures have more powder and less coarse aggregate than conventional concrete, and include high-range water reducers and viscosity modifying agents. SCC allows for easier placement, improved surface finish, and greater design freedom.
1) The concrete durability strategy for the Rion-Antirion Bridge project focused on controlling corrosion of embedded steel by reducing chloride penetration through proper definition of exposure zones, concrete covers, and characterization of concrete mixes.
2) Specific tests were performed on concrete mixes to evaluate durability parameters such as rapid chloride penetration, water penetration, chloride diffusion coefficient, and oxygen permeability.
3) Strict quality assurance/quality control procedures were followed during construction to ensure the in-situ concrete quality matched specifications and laboratory results.
The document provides an overview of surface engineering processes and their timeline of development. It discusses various nitriding, plating, thermal spraying, and coating processes such as gas nitriding, plasma nitriding, hard chrome plating, electroless nickel plating, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, high-velocity air-fuel spraying, detonation gun spraying, plasma spraying, and cold spraying. It provides details on the process, applications, advantages, and issues with some of these surface modification techniques.
The document summarizes a steel secondary containment system called SSC-PTX that provides oil containment for large power or transmission grid transformers. Key points:
- The modular steel system reduces on-site construction time by 30-50% compared to traditional concrete systems and offers a lower-cost solution.
- The steel is manufactured to high fabrication standards and tested to ensure leak-tight containment.
- The flexible design accommodates different transformer configurations and provides a fully engineered solution.
Similar to Chemix caseguard 2.2 (scp) brochure (20)
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
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"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
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LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
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-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
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- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
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This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
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2. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 2 of 11
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Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP)
Oil- and gas-producing wells are nested collections of pipe, cement, seals
and valves forming multiple barriers between the production stream and external
environment. The annuli enclosed by these barriers form a series of sealed pressure
vessels. Sufficient barrier integrity must be maintained over the lifetime of the well to
ensure that the pressures in the annuli are kept within safe limits and no flow path is
created for high pressure formation fluids or gases through the annuli to external
environment via casing head or shoe.
Well barrier failure
Unfortunately the integrity of wellbores tends to deteriorate with time and
some will develop Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP), a condition which is defined as
any measurable annular pressure that rebuilds after being bled as a result of the
failure of a well barrier component.
The barrier components that most commonly fail and cause SCP are:
Production tubing or packers
Casing tubulars or couplings
Cement sheaths behind the casing
SCP is a pervasive problem for the oil industry. For instance, a study conducted by
the US Minerals Management Service found that the problem of leaking wells in the
Gulf of Mexico is massive, with 11,498 casing strings in 8,122 wells exhibiting sustained
casing pressure (1).
3. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 3 of 11
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Cement failure and gas migration
The most common cause of SCP in the outer casing strings (i.e. the B, C and D
annuli) is the ingress of gas from high pressure formations through cracks and
channels in the cement sheaths behind the casing. These gas flow channels can
develop during the primary cementing operation or are created over time by
mechanical shocks and temperature/pressure fluctuations in the well after the
cement has set.
Safety risk
Any breach of a well barrier is a serious matter that may eventually lead to
the uncontrolled escape of formation fluids and gases threatening loss of life and
environmental distress.
Well integrity is threatened when the casing pressure in an annulus
approaches the Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP).
It is important to recognise that well integrity may be compromised at
pressures much lower than the MAASP if;
The formation fluids and gases leaking into the annuli are corrosive and
degrade the competence of other well barriers.
The barriers are already compromised or weakened by other corrosive
agencies
4. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 4 of 11
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The blowout of Total’s Elgin G4 well in the UK
North Sea is a good example of what can
happen if SCP is allowed to build in a well
containing barrier components weakened by
corrosion. In this incident the A and B annuli of
the G4 well became pressurised with gas leaking
in through the production liner and cement,
eventually leading to the rupture of a weakened
C-110 casing coupling in the 10 ¾” production
casing some 8 years later (2,3).
Path taken by gas in Elgin G4 blowout
The casing coupling that failed had been
compromised by stress corrosion cracking
caused by an interaction between pipe dope
and the annular fluid (calcium bromide brine)
(4). The 51-day blowout from the wellhead D
annulus that ensued in Elgin G4 is reported to
have reduced the UK’s gas output by 7% and is
seen by some as one of the causes of UK’s
double-dip recession in 2012 (5)
Elgin G4 wellhead assembly showing high pressure
gas blasting out of 4 ports
5. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 5 of 11
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Rig-less mitigation of SCP
The conventional remedy for SCP in B and C annuli of the outer casing strings
is to perform a cement squeeze using a workover rig. A workover solution of this kind
will cost $ millions, not even including the loss of production revenues for the duration
of the workover.
An alternative and cheaper rig-less method for managing SCP involves the gradual
replacement of the annular fluid and gas cap in the annulus with a heavy fluid. This
“bleed-and-lube” method requires the frequent extraction of small volumes of
annular fluids and gases via the wellhead casing valves, and their replacement by
an equivalent volume of heavy fluid injected through the same valve. By gradually
increasing the hydrostatic head pressure exerted by the annular fluid in this way the
rate of gas ingress into the annulus through channels in failed cement can be
slowed or stopped.
Specification for heavy bleed-and-lube fluid
The special functionalities required in a heavy bleed-and-lube fluid make for
a very demanding product specification:
Solids-free, clear, low-viscosity fluid – for ease of injection and maximum
penetration into the micro gas channels in the cement
Highest density possible – to maximise the hydrostatic impact of the injected
fluid and minimise the number of bleed-and-lube cycles
Compatible with annular fluids – no gelation or precipitation reactions
Capable of buffering acid gases (CO2 and H2S) in the annulus
Long-term compatibility with all metallic well components in presence of acid
gases
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Long-term compatibility with elastomers and cement in the presence of acid
gases
Non-hazardous – a benign HSE profile
Long-term chemical- and thermal-stability – i.e. no adverse transformations
over time
Flowable at sub-zero temperatures (for use in cold climates)
In effect, the specification calls for a product matching the performance and
properties of the highest-quality heavy clear packer fluid.
7. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 7 of 11
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CASEGUARD 2.2 is the tried and tested ideal heavy
bleed-and-lube fluid
CASEGUARD 2.2 heavy formate brine from Chemix was identified in 2014 by a
large multi-national consortium operating one of the largest gas condensate fields in
the world. It is the ideal fluid for use in bleed-and-lube operations to mitigate SCP in
their onshore wells.
Heavy formate brines have a long and successful history of use as clear packer fluids
and long-term well suspension fluids in extreme gas condensate wells. The
consortium saw that the properties of Chemix’s CASEGUARD 2.2 brine met ALL of the
required performance criteria for a rig-less SCP remediation treatment:
Low viscosity clear fluid for ease of injection into annuli and penetration into
micro gas channels in cement
Heavy SG 2.20 fluid for maximum impact - so only small volumes are needed
to raise hydrostatic head (pressure) of fluid column in annuli for SCP control
and mitigation
Stable, reliable well control providing the increased hydrostatic fluid head
required to stop or minimize further gas ingress into the annuli from reservoir or
shallower formations
Penetrates into micro-channels in cement to take hydrostatic pressure control
to the source of the gas ingress
Compatible with annular fluids
An effective buffer of acid gas – absorbs CO2 and keeps H2S in its less harmful
form, bisulfide (HS- )
Cost effective - a rig-less solution provided by a small injection of heavy fluid
into the annulus – much cheaper than a workover with a rig
8. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 8 of 11
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An excellent HSE profile - safe for people and safe for the environment - no
liability issues and does not require special precautions or permits
Compatible with downhole seals and metals over long periods - proven as a
long-term well suspension and packer fluid since 1996
Compatible with acid gases - does not initiate stress corrosion cracking in
casing, packers, seals or production tubulars when contaminated with H2S or
CO2
All-weather all-climate handling – stays as a pumpable liquid down to -30 deg
C when diluted down to SG 2.0
9. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 9 of 11
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CASEGUARD 2.2 is field proven
The major gas condensate field operated by the consortium has more than
400 onshore wells and some of these have had SCP in B and C annuli due to gas
leakage through cement. CASEGUARD 2.2 heavy formate brine has been used by
the consortium as a remedy for SCP in more than 20 wells in the field.
Annular pressures of up to 50 bar have been treated by bleed-and-lube with
CASEGUARD 2.2 formate brine as the heavy fluid. Typically only 150-250 litres of
CASEGUARD 2.2 fluid is required to treat each well over a period of 3 months. It is
reported that the success rate to date has been excellent, with SCP removed or
significantly reduced.
The Chemix Service
Chemix offers security of supply, consistently high-quality products and a responsive
service;
SECURITY OF SUPPLY
Supplying heavy CASEGUARD 2.2 formate brine to the oil industry is Chemix’s
core business
Chemix can deliver large volumes of CASEGUARD 2.2 formate brine from
stock at short notice
Chemix can deliver CASEGUARD 2.2 worldwide
CASEGUARD 2.2 is manufactured to the strictest specifications under ISO
standards and is a virgin, high-purity product. It is essential for its long-term
presence in the annulus that the product has not been used in other
applications previously with the consequent risk of contamination.
10. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 10 of 11
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CASEGUARD 2.2 - Technical Specification
Density (SG) ≥ 2.20 (@ 16 deg C)
pH 9.0 – 11.0
Turbidity < 10 NTU
Total non-Cs Monovalent Cations < 25,000 ppm
Total Divalent Cations < 100 ppm
Chlorides < 1,000 ppm
SO4 < 150 ppm
11. Chemix Ltd | ‘CASEGUARD 2.2 – The rig-less, low-cost remedy for SCP’ Page 11 of 11
+44 (0) 1263 733 689 | info@chemixsolutions.com | www.chemixsolutions.com
Contact details
Chemix Ltd
6 Blofields Loke, Aylsham, Norwich, UK, NR11 6ES.
Tel: +44 (0) 1263 733 689
Fax: +44 (0) 1263 735 908
Email: info@chemixsolutions.com
Web: www.chemixsolutions.com
References
1. Wojtanowicz, A.K., Nishikawa, S and Rong, X.: “Final Report: Diagnosis and
Remediation of Sustained Casing Pressure in Wells”, Louisiana State University.
Submitted to US Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service,
Virginia, July 31st 2001
2. UK HSE Report Incident Investigation - Elgin Well 2330c-G4: “The Elgin Incident
Investigation- Blowout from Well 22/30c-G4 on the Elgin Offshore Wellhead
Platform on 25 March 2012-UK Continental Shelf, 240 km East of Aberdeen”,
UK Health and Safety Executive, Hazardous Installations Directorate, Energy
Division, 11 March 2014
3. Henderson, D. and Hainsworth, D. : “Elgin G4 Gas Release : What Happened
and the Lessons to Prevent Recurrence”, SPE 168478, paper presented to 2014
SPE Health, Safety and Environment conference held in Long Beach,
California, USA , 17-19 March.
4. Hillis, D.J. and Eddy, M.P. : “Failure Investigation of a C110 Connection from a
High Pressure High Temperature Well”, NACE paper 3787, presented at 2014
NACE Corrosion conference held in San Antonio, Texas, USA, 13-19 March.
5. Kavanagh, M. “Total resumes Elgin-Franklin production”, Article posted on the
Financial Times online , 13 March 2014 -
https://www.ft.com/content/d0e5e510-8819-11e2-b011-
00144feabdc0?mhq5j=e3