Cheaters
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The document discusses cheating on high-stakes standardized tests in Chicago Public Schools and how teachers may have an incentive to cheat given the consequences for low scores. It analyzes test answer patterns from two 6th grade classrooms that show unusually high correlations, suggesting the teacher may have erased wrong answers and filled in correct ones. Characteristics of cheating teachers are said to be that they are equally likely to be male or female, younger, less qualified, and more prone to cheat after incentives are introduced for test performance.
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Running Head: SETTING THE EDUCATION STANDARDS
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SETTING THE EDUCATION STANDARDS
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Setting the Education Standards
(Author’s name)
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Running head CASE STUDY ESSAY 1 Case St.docx
Running head: CASE STUDY ESSAY 1
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CASE STUDY ESSAY 2
Case Study Essay
The practice referred to as “tracking” started as a response to the incursion of immigrant
children joining America’s schools in the early 20th century. To provide efficient education to
these immigrants who arrived in large population, it was significant to sort the children into
various tracks based on their past performance or ability. As stated by a school reformer called
Ellwood P. Cubberley in 1909, “Our city schools will soon be compelled to abandon the
exceedingly democratic idea that all are equal and our community devoid of classes… and start a
specialization of educational effort along numerous lines.” The process of sorting children into
different tracks was made easy by IQ test and standardized achievement tests.
In the early days of tracking, high school students and junior high students were given
assignments to evaluate them academically, and through vocational tracks. At the extreme, many
students received grooming to prepare them for college and others were being prepared to enter
trades such as secretarial work and plumbing. In the mid-century, many schools had mastered
some form of tracking. Presently, the extreme form of tracking has diminished because
policymaker, political players, and educators hold the fear that America is almost losing its
competitive edge (Burris & Garrity, 2008). This compelled educators to ensure that all the
students are grilled to have access to a rigorous academic curriculum. Politicians and states
passed minimum graduation standards that demanded that students must take a particular number
of courses in core subjects such as Mathematics, English, Science and Social studies. Later on,
during 1983, A Nation at Risk report made a recommendation that tougher standards are set and
in the ensuing two decades, the percentage of students taking four years of each academic
subject escalated profoundly.
Cubberley (1909), "Our..." (p. ?).
CASE STUDY ESSAY 3
With laying emphasis on preparing all the students for college, tracking plays an
important role of grouping students by ability within subjects. In every subject, students must be
assigned to advance, basic and regular courses depending on their performance. For example,
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Name
Date
Argument Essay Topic Proposal
TOPIC:
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE:
GUIDING QUESTION:
WORKING TITLE:
WORKING THESIS:
PRELIMINARY RESEARCH:
· 2-3 Articles about the general topic (explain each):
· 2-3 Articles that support the topic (explain each):
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Coral&Mason&
March&25,&2009&
WR1224&Brown&
Argument&Essay&Topic&Proposal&
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TOPIC:'Computers&in&the&Classroom&
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STATEMENT'OF'PURPOSE:&My&nephew&and&a&close&friend’s&daughter&both&said&they&are&very&bored&in&their&7th&
and&10th&grade&classes&due&in&part&to&the&school’s&reliance&on&computerized&instruction&to&compensate&for&
overcrowded&classrooms.&As&an&education&major&and&a&future&high&school&teacher,&I&want&to&see&how&educators&
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GUIDING'QUESTION:'What&does&the&presence&of&student&computers&do&to&the&academic&environment?&
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WORKING'TITLE:&Computers&in&the&Classroom:&Educational&Babysitter&
&&
WORKING'THESIS:'The&use&of&computers&in&most&American&classrooms&gives&teachers&the&chance&to&use&them&as&
babysitters&and&frees&them&from&developing&individualized&curriculum,&grading&the&work&of&their&students,&and&
makes&them&less&responsible&for&the&classes&they&are&hired&to&teach.&
&&
PRELIMINARY'RESEARCH:'&There&is&an&abundance&of&material&about&the&educational&uses&of&computers.&I&have&
already&read&two&books,&both&those&in&favor&of&this&addition&to&classrooms&and&those&opposing&this&change.&The&
ERIC&database&is&bursting&with&scholarly&research&articles&on&the&topic&of&technology,&specifically&student&
computers,&in&the&classroom.&&&
I&have&found&the&following&articles&that&are&more&of&a&general&understanding&of&the&topic:&&
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Formative*Analysis&
• Two*configurations*for*accessing*classroom*computers:*differential*impact*on*students'*critical*
reflections*and*their*empowerment&
• Access*to*Classroom*Computers&
A&few&articles&were&for&the&use&of&computers&in&the&classroom:&&
• Bring*on*the*computers!&&
• Laptop*Computers*in*the*Elementary*Classroom:*Authentic*instruction*with*atCrisk*students.&&&
I&also&found&a&few&that&are&against&computers&in&the&classroom:&&
• An*Evaluation*of*the*Conditions,*Processes,*and*Consequences*of*Laptop*Computing*in*KC12*Classrooms*
• Wireless*Laptops*in*the*Classroom*(and*the*Sesame*Street*Syndrome)**
• Smart*Career*Advice;*Laptops*as*a*Classroom*Distraction.&&
• Gender*Differences*in*the*Use*of*Computers,*Programming,*and*Peer*Interactions*in*Computer*Science*
Classrooms.&
&
I&am&most&looking&forward&to&the&chance&to&observe&in&several&local&classrooms&at&various&levels&of&schooling.&My&
aunt&teaches&at&McLoughlin&Middle&School&and&she&promises&to&connect&me&to&teachers&who&will&discuss&this&
with&me.&&My&main&goal&of&meeting&with&the&teachers&is&to&see&if&I&can&get&any&feedback&from&a&few&.
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Making the Grade Isn't About Race. It's About Parents.
By Patrick Welsh
Sunday, October 18, 2009
"Why don't you guys study like the kids from Africa?"
In a moment of exasperation last spring, I asked that question to a virtually all-black class of 12th-graders who had done horribly on a test I had just given. A kid who seldom came to class -- and was constantly distracting other students when he did -- shot back: "It's because they have fathers who kick their butts and make them study."
Another student angrily challenged me: "You ask the class, just ask how many of us have our fathers living with us." When I did, not one hand went up.
I was stunned. These were good kids; I had grown attached to them over the school year. It hit me that these students, at T.C. Williams High School in Alexandria, understood what I knew too well: The lack of a father in their lives had undermined their education. The young man who spoke up knew that with a father in his house he probably wouldn't be ending 12 years of school in the bottom 10 percent of his class with a D average. His classmate, normally a sweet young woman with a great sense of humor, must have long harbored resentment at her father's absence to speak out as she did. Both had hit upon an essential difference between the kids who make it in school and those who don't: parents.
My students knew intuitively that the reason they were lagging academically had nothing to do with race, which is the too-handy explanation for the achievement gap in Alexandria. And it wasn't because the school system had failed them. They knew that excuses about a lack of resources and access just didn't wash at the new, state-of-the-art, $100 million T.C. Williams, where every student is given a laptop and where there is open enrollment in Advanced Placement and honors courses. Rather, it was because their parents just weren't there for them -- at least not in the same way that parents of kids who were doing well tended to be.
In an example of how bad the fixation on race here has become, last year Morton Sherman, the new superintendent, ordered principals throughout the city to post huge charts in their hallways so everyone -- including 10-year-old kids -- could see differences in test scores between white, black and Hispanic students. One mother told me that a black fifth-grader at Cora Kelly Magnet School said that "whoever sees that sign will think I am stupid." A fourth-grade African American girl there looked at the sign and said to a friend: "That's not me." When black and white parents pro.
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In recent years, bullying has grown and been found prevalent in many schools across the United States of America. It has moved from mass shootings to children taking their own lives due to bullying experiences. I recalled the story of a 9 year old African-American fourth grade girl in Alabama committing suicide because of the bullying she endured from her classmates. It was this headline that assisted me in narrowing this topic and refining my research even further.
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Suicide on the Rise Among Youth in the United States of America
All children have the right to a free public school education and should be able to attend schools without the fear of being bullied or harmed; however, recent studies indicate suicide as the second leading cause of death for teens. It is also noted that the suicide rate for African-American children ages 5-12 is two times higher than that of Caucasian children (Christensen, 2019). To address this problem, this study will investigate leading causes of bullying among elementary students grades 2-4. Based on the findings, schools will be asked to lead bullying prevention seminars for faculty and staff and develop anti-bullying campaigns for student awareness.
References
Christensen, J. (2019, October 14). Suicide attempts by black teens are increa.
When thinking about issues impacting education today, I thought of.docx
When thinking about issues impacting education today, I thought of bullying, high stakes testing, and technology use in and outside of the classroom. After furthering my reading and researching the three topics, I realized that my topics were too broad. I had to narrow my focus. I had to ask myself what bothered me most or what did I have a connection with in each topic.
Bullying is a violent behavior that occurs when a person or group of people disturbs or threatens the safety and health of others both physically and psychologically, threatens one's property, reputation, or social acceptance and is carried out repeatedly and continuously (Bernard & Milne, 2008). On April 20, 1999, America was shocked by the first massive school shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado. Then there was the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School on December 12, 2012 in Newtown, Connecticut. It seemed as though school shootings were happening more and more creating a numbness across America. It was these incidents that led to states drafting and passing anti-bullying laws. Recognizing that this topic is still too broad; I had to narrow the focus even more. Bullying has become a worldwide problem and is experienced by thousands of children every day (Carney & Marrel, 2001). In a study conducted by on 1,588 third through fifth graders who completed a survey regarding their perceptions of bullying in schools the key findings were that 40 % of third through fifth graders reported being bullied, while girls reported being victims of bullying more often than boys.
In recent years, bullying has grown and been found prevalent in many schools across the United States of America. It has moved from mass shootings to children taking their own lives due to bullying experiences. I recalled the story of a 9 year old African-American fourth grade girl in Alabama committing suicide because of the bullying she endured from her classmates. It was this headline that assisted me in narrowing this topic and refining my research even further.
Problem One
Suicide on the Rise Among Youth in the United States of America
All children have the right to a free public school education and should be able to attend schools without the fear of being bullied or harmed; however, recent studies indicate suicide as the second leading cause of death for teens. It is also noted that the suicide rate for African-American children ages 5-12 is two times higher than that of Caucasian children (Christensen, 2019). To address this problem, this study will investigate leading causes of bullying among elementary students grades 2-4. Based on the findings, schools will be asked to lead bullying prevention seminars for faculty and staff and develop anti-bullying campaigns for student awareness.
References
Christensen, J. (2019, October 14). Suicide attempts by black teens are increa ...
Running head CASE STUDY ESSAY 1 Case St.docx
Running head: CASE STUDY ESSAY 1
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Case Study Essay
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children joining America’s schools in the early 20th century. To provide efficient education to
these immigrants who arrived in large population, it was significant to sort the children into
various tracks based on their past performance or ability. As stated by a school reformer called
Ellwood P. Cubberley in 1909, “Our city schools will soon be compelled to abandon the
exceedingly democratic idea that all are equal and our community devoid of classes… and start a
specialization of educational effort along numerous lines.” The process of sorting children into
different tracks was made easy by IQ test and standardized achievement tests.
In the early days of tracking, high school students and junior high students were given
assignments to evaluate them academically, and through vocational tracks. At the extreme, many
students received grooming to prepare them for college and others were being prepared to enter
trades such as secretarial work and plumbing. In the mid-century, many schools had mastered
some form of tracking. Presently, the extreme form of tracking has diminished because
policymaker, political players, and educators hold the fear that America is almost losing its
competitive edge (Burris & Garrity, 2008). This compelled educators to ensure that all the
students are grilled to have access to a rigorous academic curriculum. Politicians and states
passed minimum graduation standards that demanded that students must take a particular number
of courses in core subjects such as Mathematics, English, Science and Social studies. Later on,
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subject escalated profoundly.
Cubberley (1909), "Our..." (p. ?).
CASE STUDY ESSAY 3
With laying emphasis on preparing all the students for college, tracking plays an
important role of grouping students by ability within subjects. In every subject, students must be
assigned to advance, basic and regular courses depending on their performance. For example,
students in advanced track may opt to pursue pre-calculus as juniors in high school and calculus
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NameDateArgument Essay Topic ProposalTOPIC STATEMEN.docx
Name
Date
Argument Essay Topic Proposal
TOPIC:
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE:
GUIDING QUESTION:
WORKING TITLE:
WORKING THESIS:
PRELIMINARY RESEARCH:
· 2-3 Articles about the general topic (explain each):
· 2-3 Articles that support the topic (explain each):
· 2-3 Articles that support counterarguments (explain each):
· Overall ideas, goals, etc.
Coral&Mason&
March&25,&2009&
WR1224&Brown&
Argument&Essay&Topic&Proposal&
&
TOPIC:'Computers&in&the&Classroom&
&
STATEMENT'OF'PURPOSE:&My&nephew&and&a&close&friend’s&daughter&both&said&they&are&very&bored&in&their&7th&
and&10th&grade&classes&due&in&part&to&the&school’s&reliance&on&computerized&instruction&to&compensate&for&
overcrowded&classrooms.&As&an&education&major&and&a&future&high&school&teacher,&I&want&to&see&how&educators&
justify&this&lack&of&challenge&and&change&from&traditional&teaching.&
'
GUIDING'QUESTION:'What&does&the&presence&of&student&computers&do&to&the&academic&environment?&
'
WORKING'TITLE:&Computers&in&the&Classroom:&Educational&Babysitter&
&&
WORKING'THESIS:'The&use&of&computers&in&most&American&classrooms&gives&teachers&the&chance&to&use&them&as&
babysitters&and&frees&them&from&developing&individualized&curriculum,&grading&the&work&of&their&students,&and&
makes&them&less&responsible&for&the&classes&they&are&hired&to&teach.&
&&
PRELIMINARY'RESEARCH:'&There&is&an&abundance&of&material&about&the&educational&uses&of&computers.&I&have&
already&read&two&books,&both&those&in&favor&of&this&addition&to&classrooms&and&those&opposing&this&change.&The&
ERIC&database&is&bursting&with&scholarly&research&articles&on&the&topic&of&technology,&specifically&student&
computers,&in&the&classroom.&&&
I&have&found&the&following&articles&that&are&more&of&a&general&understanding&of&the&topic:&&
• Exploring*the*Benefits*and*Challenges*of*Using*Laptop*Computers*in*Higher*Education*Classrooms:*A*
Formative*Analysis&
• Two*configurations*for*accessing*classroom*computers:*differential*impact*on*students'*critical*
reflections*and*their*empowerment&
• Access*to*Classroom*Computers&
A&few&articles&were&for&the&use&of&computers&in&the&classroom:&&
• Bring*on*the*computers!&&
• Laptop*Computers*in*the*Elementary*Classroom:*Authentic*instruction*with*atCrisk*students.&&&
I&also&found&a&few&that&are&against&computers&in&the&classroom:&&
• An*Evaluation*of*the*Conditions,*Processes,*and*Consequences*of*Laptop*Computing*in*KC12*Classrooms*
• Wireless*Laptops*in*the*Classroom*(and*the*Sesame*Street*Syndrome)**
• Smart*Career*Advice;*Laptops*as*a*Classroom*Distraction.&&
• Gender*Differences*in*the*Use*of*Computers,*Programming,*and*Peer*Interactions*in*Computer*Science*
Classrooms.&
&
I&am&most&looking&forward&to&the&chance&to&observe&in&several&local&classrooms&at&various&levels&of&schooling.&My&
aunt&teaches&at&McLoughlin&Middle&School&and&she&promises&to&connect&me&to&teachers&who&will&discuss&this&
with&me.&&My&main&goal&of&meeting&with&the&teachers&is&to&see&if&I&can&get&any&feedback&from&a&few&.
Assignment #3 There is no right or wrong answer. Explain why yo.docx
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What is the school doing to improve the situation? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Use material we studied in the chapters on Culture – Socialization – Social Structure.
Making the Grade Isn't About Race. It's About Parents.
By Patrick Welsh
Sunday, October 18, 2009
"Why don't you guys study like the kids from Africa?"
In a moment of exasperation last spring, I asked that question to a virtually all-black class of 12th-graders who had done horribly on a test I had just given. A kid who seldom came to class -- and was constantly distracting other students when he did -- shot back: "It's because they have fathers who kick their butts and make them study."
Another student angrily challenged me: "You ask the class, just ask how many of us have our fathers living with us." When I did, not one hand went up.
I was stunned. These were good kids; I had grown attached to them over the school year. It hit me that these students, at T.C. Williams High School in Alexandria, understood what I knew too well: The lack of a father in their lives had undermined their education. The young man who spoke up knew that with a father in his house he probably wouldn't be ending 12 years of school in the bottom 10 percent of his class with a D average. His classmate, normally a sweet young woman with a great sense of humor, must have long harbored resentment at her father's absence to speak out as she did. Both had hit upon an essential difference between the kids who make it in school and those who don't: parents.
My students knew intuitively that the reason they were lagging academically had nothing to do with race, which is the too-handy explanation for the achievement gap in Alexandria. And it wasn't because the school system had failed them. They knew that excuses about a lack of resources and access just didn't wash at the new, state-of-the-art, $100 million T.C. Williams, where every student is given a laptop and where there is open enrollment in Advanced Placement and honors courses. Rather, it was because their parents just weren't there for them -- at least not in the same way that parents of kids who were doing well tended to be.
In an example of how bad the fixation on race here has become, last year Morton Sherman, the new superintendent, ordered principals throughout the city to post huge charts in their hallways so everyone -- including 10-year-old kids -- could see differences in test scores between white, black and Hispanic students. One mother told me that a black fifth-grader at Cora Kelly Magnet School said that "whoever sees that sign will think I am stupid." A fourth-grade African American girl there looked at the sign and said to a friend: "That's not me." When black and white parents pro.
Students Were the Victims, but the School System Suffers Too | Eric Cooper
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Cheaters
- 1. “A Thing Worth Having Is A Thing Worth Cheating For” W.C. Fields US Actor (1880-1946)
- 2. Who cheats?
- 3. Cheating is a primordial economic act: getting more for less.
- 4. But what about the third grader’s teacher ? Might she have an incentive to cheat? And if so, how would she do it?
- 6. Chicago Public Schools, a system that educates 400,000 each year.
- 7. The most volatile current debate among American school administrators, teachers, parents, and students concerns “high-stakes” testing.
- 8. The federal government mandated high-stakes testing as part of the No Child Left Behind law, signed by President Bush in 2002.
- 10. Schoolchildren, of course, have had incentive to cheat for as long as there have been tests. But high-stakes testing has so radically changed the incentives for teachers that they too now have added reason to cheat.
- 12. But if a teacher really wanted to cheat-and make it worth her while-she might collect the students’ answer sheets, and in the hour or so before turning them in to be read by an electronic scanner, erase the wrong answers and fill in correct ones.
- 13. How might it be detected?
- 15. What might a cheating teacher’s classroom look like?
- 16. Consider now the answer strings from the students in two sixth grade Chicago classrooms who took the identical math test.
- 17. Who cheats?
- 19. Who cheats?
- 20. Did fifteen out of twenty-two students somehow manage to reel off the same six consecutive correct answers (the d-a-d-b-c-b string) all by themselves?
- 23. 5.6 7.1 3.8 Student 14 4.9 6.3 3.6 Student 6 5.1 6.5 3.0 Student 3 7 th Grade Score 6 th Grade Score 5 th Grade Score