2. CRFB.org
Percent of GDP
Sources: Congressional Budget Office and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 1
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Underlying Debt-to-GDP
Recession Responses
Major Tax Cuts
+28%
+37%
+33%
3. CRFB.org
Percent of GDP
Sources: Congressional Budget Office and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
+77%
+12%
+8%
Bipartisan
Underlying Debt-to-GDP
4. CRFB.org
Percent of GDP
Sources: Congressional Budget Office and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 3
-7%
-6%
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
FY 2001 Surplus Higher Spending Lower Revenue FY 2023 Deficit
1.2%
Other Taxes +1.1%
Discretionary
Health Care
Social Security
-5.0%
(6.3%)
Other Mandatory
-2.5%
Net Interest
Individual Income
Taxes
Other Taxes
5. CRFB.org
Percent of GDP
Sources: Congressional Budget Office and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 4
98%
50%
6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Constant Revenue
Constant Primary Spending
Constant Revenue & Primary Spending
Actual Debt-to-GDP
6. CRFB.org
Billions of Dollars
Sources: Congressional Budget Office, Treasury Department, and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 5
-$128B
$720B
-$150B
$650B
$1.1T
$100B
$1.7T
-$500
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
Actual FY 2001
Surplus
Constant
Revenue
Constant
Primary
Spending
Without Major
Tax Cuts
Without Major
Spending
Without Major
Tax Cuts &
Spending
Actual FY 2023
Deficit
7. CRFB.org
Sources: Congressional Budget Office and Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
Figure 6
Baseline Concept Savings (FY 2001-2023) Debt Impact (FY 2023)
Nominal Freeze at FY 2001 Level $11.9 trillion -54% of GDP
CPI-U Growth from FY 2001 Level $7.6 trillion -35% of GDP
CPI-U Growth in First Decade,
then GDP Growth
$5.9 trillion -28% of GDP
CPI-U Plus Population from FY
2001 Level
$5.0 trillion -24% of GDP
GDP Growth from FY 2001 Level $2.9 trillion -15% of GDP