2. Overview
Definition of Network topology
Different networks topologies
Features of each Network topology
3. Network topologies
In computer networking topology refers to the layout or design
of connected devices
Physical Topology
the physical design of the network including the devices,
location & cable installation.
Logical Topology
how data actually transfers in a network
4. Different Types of Topologies
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Hybrid Topology
5. Bus Topology
All the nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) on a
bus topology are connected by one single cable. with a
terminator at each end.
Popular on LANs because they are inexpensive and easy to
install.
6. BUS TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
All computers and
devices connected
to central cable
ADVANTAGE
•Easy to connect a computer
or peripheral to a linear bus.
•Requires less cable length
than a star topology.
DISADVANTAGE
•Entire network shuts
down if there is a break
in the main cable.
•Terminators are required
at both ends of the
backbone cable.
•Difficult to identify the
problem if the entire
network shuts down.
7. Ring Topology
Cable forms closed ring or loop, with all computers and
devices arranged along ring. Every device has exactly two
neighbours for communication purposes.
Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one
direction. Primarily is used for LANs,
but also is used in WANs.
8. To implement a ring network we use the Token Ring
technology.
A token, or small data packet, is continuously passed around the
network. When a device needs to transmit, it reserves the token
for the next trip around, then attaches its data packet to it, if not
then it release it.
9. RING TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
Cable forms closed
ring or loop, with
all computers and
devices arranged
along ring.
ADVANTAGE
•Data is quickly transferred
without a ‘bottle neck’.
•The transmission of data is
relatively simple as packets
travel in one direction only.
DISADVANTAGE
•Data packets must pass
through every computer
between the sender and
recipient therefore, this
makes it slower.
•If any of the nodes fail then
the ring is broken and data
cannot be transmitted
successfully.
It is difficult to troubleshoot
the ring.
10. Star Topology
In a star network, each node (file server, workstations, and
peripherals) is connected to a central device called a hub/switch.
The hub/switch takes a signal that comes from any node and
passes it along in the network.
11. DEFINITION
•All devices connect to a
central device, called
hub/switch.
ADVANTAGE
•Easy to install and wire.
DISADVANTAGE
•Requires more cable
length than a linear
topology.
If the hub/switch fails,
nodes attached are
disabled.
More expensive than
linear bus topologies
because of the cost of the
hubs/switches
STAR TOPOLOGY
•Easy to detect faults and to
remove parts
12. Mesh Topology
Each computer has a connection to every other devices. If one
of the connection fail, data always has alternative path to get to
its destination by taking the shortest route which means the least
number of hops.
On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh
topology with leased line.
13. DEFINITION
In the mesh topology
each computer are
connected with each
other by separate
cable.
ADVANTAGE
Provide redundant path
between device.
The network can be expanded
without disruption to current
user.
DISADVANTAGE
Require more cable than
other topology .
Complicated implementation
MESH TOPOLOGY
14. Hybrid Topology
It is a combination of two or more connected-network
topologies (mentioned above).
15. DEFINITION
Combination of any
two or more
network topologies
ADVANTAGE
Handles large volume of
traffic
Fault detection is easy.
DISADVANTAGE
Installation and configuration
is difficult
More expensive than others
Hybrid TOPOLOGY
extremely flexible.
17. Networking Devices
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Cable
A card installed in a computer that enable the computer to
communicate a network. It prepares data, sends data, and controls
the flow of data. It can also receive and translate data into bytes
for the CPU to understand.
computers in a network are
physically connected to each
other using cables (transmission
medium).
18. Hub/Switch
Computers are connected by a cable to a device known as hub
or switch. The hub/switch connect rest of the network. Each
contain certain no of port. In the hub (a &b), the message is
broadcast (copies) to all of the computers on the network.
a b
In the switch (c) Computers can talk
with each other on private connections.
Number of port typically 8,16,24 etc.
C
19.
20. Gateway
Is used for interfacing with another network that uses different
protocols to match the requirements of the destination system.
Gateways can change the format of a message so that it will
conform/translate the information.
21. Router
highly intelligent device that connects multiple network types
and determine the best path for
sending data. Sometimes
router is also called gateway.
Bridge
Connects different network
segments that are the same type
to each other and thus extend
Physical networks.
22. Repeater
is a network interconnection device that regenerate signals
coming in one link onto another. So we can extend network
physical distance
23. Modem
modem is the combination of two word modulation &
demodulation. Modem is a device which convert analog signal
to digital signal & vice versa.
Access point
act as an interface cable network & wireless device. We can also
connect nodes(computer) to a access point.
