The document discusses normal human sexuality and characteristics of sexual health. It describes sexual expression as gaining satisfaction through various forms of stimulation, including physical and psychological means. Masturbation and sexual intercourse are examined as forms of sexual expression. Alternative forms of sexual expression such as voyeurism, sadism, masochism, and pedophilia are also discussed. The document outlines factors that can affect sexuality like culture, religion, and health status. Potential causes of altered sexuality are presented, along with manifestations like sexual abuse, inhibited desire, impotence, painful intercourse, and vaginismus. The nursing process is applied to assessing and managing issues involving sexuality and sexual health.

1. SEXUALITY AND
REPRODUCCTION
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2. Normal Human Sexuality
• Sexuality includes the function of the sexual
organs plus a person’s perceptions of his or her
own functioning and sexual expression and
preference.
• Sex is a term most commonly used to denote
biological male or female stratus, but it is also
used to describe specific sexual behavior such
as sexual intercourse.
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3. Characteristics of sexual health
• Sexual health includes biologic, psychological,
socio-cultural and spiritual components.
• Characteristics of sexually healthy people are:
–Expression of a positive body image
–Congruence between biologic sex, gender
identity and gender role behavior
–Behavior consistent with self-concept
–Awareness of won sexual feelings and
attributes
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4. Cont…
–Capacity for physical and psychological
responsiveness
–Comfort with a range of sexual behavior and
life style
–Acceptance of responsibility for pleasure,
reproduction and physical safety
–Ability to create and maintain effective
interpersonal relationship with both sexes
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5. Sexual Expression
• The methods by which people gain satisfaction
through sexual stimulation are varied.
• Touch, smell, sight, sounds, feelings, thoughts,
and fantasy/desire/ can all contribute to sexual
fulfillment
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6. Cont…
• Sexual stimulation may be physical or
psychological.
• Erotic stimulation through the use of films,
magazines, and photographs is also common.
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7. Masturbation
• Masturbation is a technique of sexual expression
in which an individual practices self-stimulation.
• Many myths and misinformation surround the
issue of masturbation.
• Masturbation is a means of learning what is
preferred by a person during stimulation and
what feels good.
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8. Cont…
• People masturbate regardless of sex or marital
status.
• People may not masturbate because of sense of
guilt or wrongness associated with self
stimulation
• Masturbation is not “dirty” and will not lead to
blindness nor will cause insanity/psychosis/.
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9. Sexual Intercourse
• Heterosexual genital intercourse is the most
common image that comes to mind when sexuality
is mentioned.
• The act of intercourse usually begins by stimulation
of the senses in some way, followed by a period of
activity known as foreplay.
• Petting is part of foreplay and can be simple
stroking of the breasts, arms, back and rack without
genital involvement or may lead to mutual
masturbation and orgasms.
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10. Alternativeformsofsexualexpression(sexual
disorders)
• Voyeurism is the achievement of sexual arousal by
looking at the body of another.
• Sadism refers to the practice of gaining sexual
pleasure while inflicting abuse on another person.
• Masochism refers to gaining sexual pleasure
from the humiliation of being abused.
– When practiced together the act is called
sadomasochism.
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11. Cont’d…
• Pedophilia is the practice of adults gaining sexual
fulfillment by sexual acts with children.
• Sexual Harassment: defined as any unwelcomed
verbal or physical advance or sexually explicit
statement
It is important for nurse to recognize that
harassment can often be effectively stopped
when confronted early.
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12. Factor affecting sexuality
• Culture
• Religion
• Ethics
• Life style
• Health status
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13. Potential cause for altered
sexuality
• Pregnancy, infertility, and abortion: Pregnancy
clearly alters sexual functioning.
• Infertility is often a stressor on couple’s sexual
relationship.
• Environment: hospitalization, or crowded
environment.
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14. Cont…
• Illness: cardiac problem, STI, Spinal injury, etc.
• Medications: Antihypertensive, psychotic
tranquilizers, antidepressants and alcohol
• Surgery: cesarean birth, hysterectomy,
mastectomy.
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15. Manifestations of altered sexuality
• Sexual abuse
• Inhibited sexual desire: when the person’s
partner is not satisfied with the frequency of
sexual relationships.
• Impotence
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16. Cont…
• Dyspareunia: is painful intercourse caused by
organic problems, including lack of adequate
lubrication at the opening to vagina or within
the vaginal walls; drugs like antihistamines,
tranquilizers/sedative/ or estrogen deficiency.
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17. Cont’d…
Vaginismus: is resulted from the involuntary
contraction of the muscles surrounding the
vaginal orifice such that penetration may be
impossible and very painful.
• It is the result of psychological problems, fear
of penetration due to a negative association
with it, such as rape and sexual abuse or fear of
men or of sexual intercourse.
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18. Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment: Subjective assessment
• Functional pattern identification:
–Assess the general sexual relationship
• Risk factor identification:
–Pregnancy,
–Infertility
–Abortion
–Environment,
–Illness
–Surgery etc.
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19. Objective assessment
• Physical examination of genitalia
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20. Nursing diagnosis
• Sexual dysfunction
• Altered sexuality patterns
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21. Nursing Management
• Sexual counseling
• Use of medications
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