Chapter2

Copyright © Terry Felke-Morris http://terrymorris.net
Web Development & Design
Foundations with HTML5
8th
Edition
CHAPTER 2
KEY CONCEPTS
1
Copyright © Terry Felke-Morris

Learning Outcomes
In this chapter, you will learn how to ...
 Describe HTML, XHTML, and HTML5
 Identify the markup language in a web page document
 Use the html, head, body, title, and meta elements to code a
template for a web page
 Configure the body of a web page with headings, paragraphs,
line breaks, divs, lists, and blockquotes
 Configure text with phrase elements
 Configure a web page using new HTML5 header, nav, main,
and footer elements
 Configure special characters
 Use the anchor element to link from page to page
 Create absolute, relative, and e-mail hyperlinks
 Code, save, and display a web page document
 Test a web page document for valid syntax
2

What is HTML?
HTML:
The set of markup symbols or codes placed
in a file intended for display on a Web
browser page.
The World Wide Web Consortium
(http://w3c.org) sets the standards for HTML
and its related languages.
3

HTML Elements
Each markup code represents an HTML element.
Each element has a purpose.
Most elements are coded as a pair of tags:
an opening tag and a closing tag.
Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, "<" and ">"
symbols.
4

What is HTML5 ?
Newest version of HTML/XHTML
Supported by modern browsers
Intended to be backwards compatible
Adds new elements
Adds new functionality
◦Edit form data
◦Native video and audio
◦And more!
5
Source: W3C http://www.w3.org/html/logo/

Document Type Definition
Document Type Definition (DTD)
◦doctype statement
◦identifies the version of HTML contained in your
document.
◦placed at the top of a web page document
6

DTD Examples
XHTML1.0TransitionalDTD
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd>
HTML5DTD
<!DOCTYPE html>
7

Example HTML5 Web
Page
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Page Title Goes Here</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
... body text and more HTML5 tags go here ...
</body>
</html>
8

Head & Body Sections
Head Section
Contains information that describes the web page document
<head>
…head section info goes here
</head>
Body Section
Contains text and elements that display in the web page document
<body>
…body section info goes here
</body>
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Title Element
Meta Element
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Heading Element
<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>
11

Paragraph Element
Paragraph element
<p> …paragraph goes here… </p>
◦Groups sentences and sections of text together.
◦Block Display – Configures empty space above and
below
12

Line Break Element
Line Break element
◦Stand-alone, or void tag
…text goes here <br>
This starts on a new line….
◦Causes the next element or text to display on a new line
13

Blockquote Element
Blockquote element
◦Indents a block of text for special emphasis
<blockquote>
…text goes here…
</blockquote>
◦Block Display – Configures empty space above and below
14

Phrase Elements
Indicate the context and meaning of the text
15

Proper Nesting
CODE:
<p><i>Call for a free quote for your web development needs:
<strong>888.555.5555 </strong></i></p>
BROWSER DISPLAY:
Call for a free quote for your web development needs: 888.555.5555
16

HTML Lists
Unordered List
Ordered List
Description List
formerly called a definition list
17

Unordered List
Displays a bullet, or list marker,
before each entry in the list.
<ul>
Contains the unordered list
<li>
Contains an item in the list
18

Unordered List Example
<ul>
<li>TCP</li>
<li>IP</li>
<li>HTTP</li>
<li>FTP</li>
</ul>
19

Ordered List
Displays a numbering or lettering system to itemize
the information contained in the list
<ol>
Contains the ordered list
◦type attribute determines numbering scheme of
list, default is numerals
<li>
Contains an item in the list
20

Ordered List Example
<ol>
<li>Apply to school</li>
<li>Register for course</li>
<li>Pay tuition</li>
<li>Attend course</li>
</ol>
21

Description List
Useful to display a list of terms and descriptions or a list
of FAQ and answers
◦ <dl>
Contains the description list
◦ <dt>
Contains a term/phrase/sentence
Configures empty space above and below the text
◦ <dd>
Contains a description of the term/phrase/sentence
◦ Indents the text
◦ Configures empty space above and below the text
22

Description List Example
<dl>
<dt>IP</dt>
<dd>Internet Protocol</dd>
<dt>TCP</dt>
<dd>Transmission Control Protocol</dd>
</dl>
23

Checkpoint
1. Describe the features of a heading element
and how it configures the text.
2. Describe the difference between ordered
lists and unordered lists.
3. Describe the purpose of the blockquote tag.
24

Special Characters
Display special characters such as quotes,
copyright symbol, etc.
Character Code
© ©
< <
> >
& &
 
25

Div Element
Configures a structural block area or “division” on a
web page with empty space above and below.
Can contain other block display elements, including
other div elements
<div>Home Services Contact</div>
26

HTML5 Structural Elements
header Element
<header></header>
Contains the web page
document’s headings
nav Element
<nav></nav>
Contains web page
document’s main navigation
main Element
<main></main>
document’s main content
footer Element
<footer></footer>
document’s footer
27

HTML5
Structural
Elements
<body>
<header> document headings go here </header>
<nav> main navigation goes here </nav>
<main> main content goes here </main>
<footer> document footer information goes here </footer>
</body>
28

Anchor Element
 Specifies a hyperlink reference (href) to a file
 Text between the <a> and </a> is displayed on
the web page.
<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>
 href Attribute
 Indicates the file name or URL
29

Absolute & Relative
Hyperlinks
Absolute link
◦Link to a different website
<a href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a>
Relative link
◦Link to pages on your own site
<a href="index.htm">Home</a>
30

E-Mail Hyperlink
Automatically launch the default mail
program configured for the browser
If no browser default is configured,
a message is displayed
<a href=“mailto:me@gmail.com”>me@gmail.com</a>
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Hyperlinks
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Hands-On Practice

Checkpoint
1. Describe the purpose of special characters.
2. Describe when to use an absolute link.
Is the http protocol used in the href value?
3. Describe when to use a relative link. Is the
http protocol used in the href value?
33

Writing Valid HTML
Check your code for syntax errors
◦Benefit:
◦Valid code 
more consistent browser display
W3C HTML Validation Tool
◦http://validator.w3.org
34

Summary
This chapter introduced you to HTML.
You will use these skills over and over again as you
create web pages.
35

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