Chapter nine
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A claim is a controversial statement against the status quo that is the focus of an argument. Claims should be phrased as specific statements, not questions, so both sides have an equal chance to advocate their positions. There are three types of claims: claims of fact about what is/was/will be, claims of value about what is good/bad, and claims of policy about what should be done. Debates involve burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal for both sides to effectively argue for or against the claim. Debates can occur in various environments focused on different topics.
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Claims
A claim is a statement of controversy that forms the central point or thesis for an argument. Effective claims are phrased as statements, are specific, and promote debate on both sides of an issue. There are three main types of claims: claims of fact which assert something exists or occurred, claims of value which make qualitative judgments, and claims of policy which assert something should or should not be done. Claims can be debated in various environments like scholarly, religious, political, business, legal, educational, and social debates.
Speech 104 chapter 9 the claim
This document discusses the key characteristics and types of claims that are the focus of an argument. A claim is a statement against the status quo that advocates want to prove. Effective claims are phrased as statements, specify who, what, when and where, and indicate clear burdens of proof for both sides. There are three types of claims: claims of fact assert something exists/existed/will exist, claims of value make judgments about good/bad, and claims of policy state something should/should not be done. Well-phrased claims can promote constructive debate and conflict resolution.
Chapter two f
This document summarizes key concepts in argumentation and rhetoric. It discusses two types of arguments - destructive and constructive. It also outlines the teachings of the ancient Sophists and perspectives on argument from Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Toulmin. Aristotle described three fundamentals of proof: logos (logic), pathos (emotion), and ethos (credibility). Cicero outlined five canons of oratory. Toulmin's model of argument identifies six parts: claim, grounds, warrants, backing, reservations/rebuttal, and qualifiers.
sBucks
Howard Schultz of Starbucks Coffee is compared to Captain Ahab from Moby Dick in an Italian newspaper for aggressively expanding Starbucks globally and driving out smaller "Mom and Pop Shops" coffee shops with products like the Frappuccino Espresso Shot made from Coffea Arabica coffee beans. One smaller coffee shop, Crave Cafe in Sherman Oaks, struggles to compete with the "Starbucks Experience".
Fake it till You Make it (Pick up New IT Skills Like a Maniac)
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Types of claims
The document discusses the different types of patent claims that can be used to define the scope of legal protection for an invention. It describes independent claims, dependent claims, product claims, process claims, product-by-process claims, two part/Jepson claims, means plus function claims, Markush claims, Swiss claims, multiple dependent claims, and omnibus claims. The types of claims serve to precisely define the boundaries of what is covered by the patent.
Claims
The document discusses the key elements of an effective claim in an argument. It states that a claim is the main point and thesis, should be a specific statement rather than a question, and takes an opposing position to the status quo. For a debate to be effective, there should be two opposing viewpoints presented and both sides should have equal opportunities to argue their position and rebut the other side's claim. The document also outlines the different burdens of proof and rebuttal that each side bears depending on whether they are arguing for or against the claim. It identifies three types of claims - fact, value, and policy - and lists different contexts in which debates commonly take place.
Chapter 9: Claims
A claim is a statement that forms the basis of an argument. There are three types of claims: fact claims about what is/was/will be, value claims about what is good/bad, and policy claims about what should/should not be done. For a claim to be valid, it must be phrased as a statement rather than a question, apply equally to both sides of the argument, be specific, and promote debate about changing or maintaining the status quo. Both sides of a claim have burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal.
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Claims
A claim is a statement of controversy that forms the central point or thesis for an argument. Effective claims are phrased as statements, are specific, and promote debate on both sides of an issue. There are three main types of claims: claims of fact which assert something exists or occurred, claims of value which make qualitative judgments, and claims of policy which assert something should or should not be done. Claims can be debated in various environments like scholarly, religious, political, business, legal, educational, and social debates.
Speech 104 chapter 9 the claim
This document discusses the key characteristics and types of claims that are the focus of an argument. A claim is a statement against the status quo that advocates want to prove. Effective claims are phrased as statements, specify who, what, when and where, and indicate clear burdens of proof for both sides. There are three types of claims: claims of fact assert something exists/existed/will exist, claims of value make judgments about good/bad, and claims of policy state something should/should not be done. Well-phrased claims can promote constructive debate and conflict resolution.
Chapter two f
This document summarizes key concepts in argumentation and rhetoric. It discusses two types of arguments - destructive and constructive. It also outlines the teachings of the ancient Sophists and perspectives on argument from Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Toulmin. Aristotle described three fundamentals of proof: logos (logic), pathos (emotion), and ethos (credibility). Cicero outlined five canons of oratory. Toulmin's model of argument identifies six parts: claim, grounds, warrants, backing, reservations/rebuttal, and qualifiers.
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Howard Schultz of Starbucks Coffee is compared to Captain Ahab from Moby Dick in an Italian newspaper for aggressively expanding Starbucks globally and driving out smaller "Mom and Pop Shops" coffee shops with products like the Frappuccino Espresso Shot made from Coffea Arabica coffee beans. One smaller coffee shop, Crave Cafe in Sherman Oaks, struggles to compete with the "Starbucks Experience".
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If learning new IT skills or new programming language is a burden for you, you should watch the slide. Or if you just want to save 5 minutes of time per day, you will also benefit from it.
Types of claims
The document discusses the different types of patent claims that can be used to define the scope of legal protection for an invention. It describes independent claims, dependent claims, product claims, process claims, product-by-process claims, two part/Jepson claims, means plus function claims, Markush claims, Swiss claims, multiple dependent claims, and omnibus claims. The types of claims serve to precisely define the boundaries of what is covered by the patent.
Claims
The document discusses the key elements of an effective claim in an argument. It states that a claim is the main point and thesis, should be a specific statement rather than a question, and takes an opposing position to the status quo. For a debate to be effective, there should be two opposing viewpoints presented and both sides should have equal opportunities to argue their position and rebut the other side's claim. The document also outlines the different burdens of proof and rebuttal that each side bears depending on whether they are arguing for or against the claim. It identifies three types of claims - fact, value, and policy - and lists different contexts in which debates commonly take place.
Chapter 9: Claims
A claim is a statement that forms the basis of an argument. There are three types of claims: fact claims about what is/was/will be, value claims about what is good/bad, and policy claims about what should/should not be done. For a claim to be valid, it must be phrased as a statement rather than a question, apply equally to both sides of the argument, be specific, and promote debate about changing or maintaining the status quo. Both sides of a claim have burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal.
Claims
A claim is a statement that forms the basis of an argument. There are three types of claims: fact claims about what is/was/will be, value claims about what is good/bad, and policy claims about what should/should not be done. For a claim to be valid, it must meet seven characteristics - it should be a statement rather than question, phrased equally for both sides, specific, against the status quo, with clear burdens for both sides, allowing for a pro/con debate. Both sides of a claim have burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal. Different types of debates include scholarly, religious, political, business, legal, educational, and social.
Critical thinking extra credit
When arguing a claim, it is important to clarify what an argument means academically and address it with intellectual honesty. The claim represents the starting and ending points of an argument. Claims should be phrased as statements, not questions, and should create potential for controversy by challenging the status quo. Properly phrased claims are specific, unbiased, and make the burdens of proof for each side clear. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. Different environments emphasize different claim types and losing focus in an argument can be addressed by reworking the claim or returning to it later.
Understanding the claim
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a statement for or against the status quo that is the focus of an argument. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. The document explains how to explain a claim simply, identifies the three parts of an argument, and discusses the roles and responsibilities of each side in an argument. It notes the importance of understanding claims to stay focused on the argument and not be taken advantage of by others reversing burdens of proof.
Understanding Claims
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as the focus of an argument that makes a statement for or against a subject without grey area. Claims are against the status quo or current rule. There are three types of claims: claims of fact that state something exists, claims of value about morality and opinions, and claims of policy that assert something should or should not be done. Both sides in a debate argue for or against the same claim, with the affirmative side wanting change and the negative side defending the status quo.
Presentation1
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as the focus of an argument that makes a statement for or against a subject without grey area. Claims are against the status quo or current rule. There are three types of claims: claims of fact that state something exists, claims of value about morality and opinions, and claims of policy that assert something should or should not be done. Both sides in a debate argue for or against the same claim, with the affirmative side wanting change and the negative side defending the status quo.
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The document discusses five types of claims that are commonly used in arguments: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. It provides examples and descriptions of each type of claim. Claims of fact address whether something happened or is true. Definition claims focus on how something should be defined. Cause claims examine what caused something or what the effects will be. Value claims establish whether something is good or bad. Policy claims suggest solutions to problems or future courses of action. Arguments can contain a mix of these different claim types, but usually one type will predominate. Identifying the predominant claim helps determine the main purpose of the argument.
Claims 5 types Abridged.ppt
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact aim to establish what is true or existed. Claims of value determine what is good or bad based on criteria. Claims of policy suggest solutions to problems by proposing courses of action. Arguments may contain mixed claims where one type predominates with others in supporting roles. Identifying the dominant claim helps establish the main purpose of the argument.
Claims 3 types.pptx
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact argue whether something is true or exists. Claims of value argue whether something is good or bad based on criteria. Claims of policy argue what actions should be taken to solve a problem. Arguments may contain mixed claims where one type predominates with other types as supporting claims. Identifying the predominant claim helps establish the main purpose of the argument.
Chapters 1 & 2
The document discusses the nature of argumentation and analyzing debatable claims. It defines debate as a process of logically evaluating a claim by considering arguments for and against it to reasonably resolve a dispute. It also discusses the three means of persuasion - ethos, pathos, and logos - and how a debater can integrate each into their speeches. Additionally, it outlines the standard requirements for proof in a policy debate, including significance and harms, inherency, plan/topicality, and solvency/advantages.
Claims 5 types Abridged.ppt
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. It provides examples and descriptions of each type of claim, noting that the predominant claim identifies the main purpose of the argument. Arguments may contain mixed claims, where one type is dominant but others serve as supporting subclaims. Identifying the predominant claim helps focus an argument and determine the appropriate organization and support.
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The document discusses the process of research and preparation for argumentation and debate. It outlines various methods for gathering information from different sources, including consulting dictionaries, books, newspapers, and experts. It emphasizes the importance of thoroughly researching both sides of an issue. It also discusses different systems for organizing research materials, such as notebooks or index cards, and the need to properly cite sources. The goal of research is to collect facts, data, statistics, and inferences to both establish one's own argument and refute opposing arguments.
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This document discusses the properties of well-written texts, including organization, coherence, language use, and mechanics. It identifies five types of claims that written texts or arguments may make: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. Each type of claim answers a different question and leads the text or argument in a particular direction regarding purpose and perspective. The document provides examples of each type of claim to illustrate how they differ based on their focus and organizational structure.
The toulmin model
Stephan Toulmin was a British philosopher who developed theories of reasoning that are still used today. In his book The Uses of Argument, he proposed the Toulmin model, which outlines six components of a successful argument: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifiers. A claim is the statement being argued, while grounds provide supporting evidence. A warrant explains the logic connecting the grounds to the claim. Backing provides further support, rebuttal considers exceptions, and qualifiers moderate the claim's strength.
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This document defines and explains the concept of a claim, which is a statement worded against the status quo that forms the focus of an argument. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. The document also outlines the argumentative burdens or responsibilities of both sides in a debate, including the burden of proof, presumption, and rebuttal. Understanding claims and burdens allows for arguments to be made in a civil manner to progress society by empowering arguments against the status quo.
CLAIMS (2).pptx
This document provides information about different types of claims that can be made in arguments: claims of fact, value, and policy. It defines each type of claim and provides examples. Claims of fact assert empirical truths and can be proven true or false. Claims of value make judgments based on preferences and priorities that may reasonably be disagreed on. Claims of policy advocate for specific actions, policies, or solutions based on defined problems. The document guides readers in formulating each type of claim by considering relevant questions for facts, values, or recommended policies.
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The document provides an overview of arguments and the writing of argumentative essays. It discusses the basic components of an argument, including defining key terms, organizing the main body, and paragraph structure. It emphasizes that a good argument should not be based on trivial or obvious claims that can be easily resolved by referring to an authority, but rather should explore more complex issues open to debate and discussion.
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The document discusses various approaches to resolving workplace conflicts, including arbitration, mediation, transformative mediation, and evaluative mediation. It provides an overview of each approach, including typical processes, goals, success rates, and when each may be most applicable. The document also offers recommendations for effective mediation practices and concludes with references.
Claims (speech 104)
This document discusses the key elements of making claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a single statement that is the topic of an argument, stated against the status quo in a way that clearly defines the burdens of proof for both sides. It outlines the burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal that both sides must address. It also categorizes claims into three types: claims of fact, value, and policy and provides examples of each.
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This document provides guidance on analyzing arguments and articles through critical thinking. It discusses evaluating evidence, including facts, testimony, statistics, and different types of reasoning. It provides a checklist for weighing evidence and outlines how to structure an analysis. Key points include examining an argument's thesis, approach, claims, and quality of support, as well as looking for bias, assumptions, and weaknesses in the reasoning. The goal is to assess how convincingly the case is made and determine if it is persuasive.
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Claims
A claim is a statement that forms the basis of an argument. There are three types of claims: fact claims about what is/was/will be, value claims about what is good/bad, and policy claims about what should/should not be done. For a claim to be valid, it must meet seven characteristics - it should be a statement rather than question, phrased equally for both sides, specific, against the status quo, with clear burdens for both sides, allowing for a pro/con debate. Both sides of a claim have burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal. Different types of debates include scholarly, religious, political, business, legal, educational, and social.
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When arguing a claim, it is important to clarify what an argument means academically and address it with intellectual honesty. The claim represents the starting and ending points of an argument. Claims should be phrased as statements, not questions, and should create potential for controversy by challenging the status quo. Properly phrased claims are specific, unbiased, and make the burdens of proof for each side clear. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. Different environments emphasize different claim types and losing focus in an argument can be addressed by reworking the claim or returning to it later.
Understanding the claim
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a statement for or against the status quo that is the focus of an argument. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. The document explains how to explain a claim simply, identifies the three parts of an argument, and discusses the roles and responsibilities of each side in an argument. It notes the importance of understanding claims to stay focused on the argument and not be taken advantage of by others reversing burdens of proof.
Understanding Claims
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as the focus of an argument that makes a statement for or against a subject without grey area. Claims are against the status quo or current rule. There are three types of claims: claims of fact that state something exists, claims of value about morality and opinions, and claims of policy that assert something should or should not be done. Both sides in a debate argue for or against the same claim, with the affirmative side wanting change and the negative side defending the status quo.
Presentation1
The document discusses understanding claims in arguments. It defines a claim as the focus of an argument that makes a statement for or against a subject without grey area. Claims are against the status quo or current rule. There are three types of claims: claims of fact that state something exists, claims of value about morality and opinions, and claims of policy that assert something should or should not be done. Both sides in a debate argue for or against the same claim, with the affirmative side wanting change and the negative side defending the status quo.
Senior High School Reading and Writing Skills
The document discusses five types of claims that are commonly used in arguments: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. It provides examples and descriptions of each type of claim. Claims of fact address whether something happened or is true. Definition claims focus on how something should be defined. Cause claims examine what caused something or what the effects will be. Value claims establish whether something is good or bad. Policy claims suggest solutions to problems or future courses of action. Arguments can contain a mix of these different claim types, but usually one type will predominate. Identifying the predominant claim helps determine the main purpose of the argument.
Claims 5 types Abridged.ppt
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact aim to establish what is true or existed. Claims of value determine what is good or bad based on criteria. Claims of policy suggest solutions to problems by proposing courses of action. Arguments may contain mixed claims where one type predominates with others in supporting roles. Identifying the dominant claim helps establish the main purpose of the argument.
Claims 3 types.pptx
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact argue whether something is true or exists. Claims of value argue whether something is good or bad based on criteria. Claims of policy argue what actions should be taken to solve a problem. Arguments may contain mixed claims where one type predominates with other types as supporting claims. Identifying the predominant claim helps establish the main purpose of the argument.
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The document discusses the nature of argumentation and analyzing debatable claims. It defines debate as a process of logically evaluating a claim by considering arguments for and against it to reasonably resolve a dispute. It also discusses the three means of persuasion - ethos, pathos, and logos - and how a debater can integrate each into their speeches. Additionally, it outlines the standard requirements for proof in a policy debate, including significance and harms, inherency, plan/topicality, and solvency/advantages.
Claims 5 types Abridged.ppt
This document outlines five types of claims that arguments can be categorized into: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. It provides examples and descriptions of each type of claim, noting that the predominant claim identifies the main purpose of the argument. Arguments may contain mixed claims, where one type is dominant but others serve as supporting subclaims. Identifying the predominant claim helps focus an argument and determine the appropriate organization and support.
THE ART OF ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE
The document discusses the process of research and preparation for argumentation and debate. It outlines various methods for gathering information from different sources, including consulting dictionaries, books, newspapers, and experts. It emphasizes the importance of thoroughly researching both sides of an issue. It also discusses different systems for organizing research materials, such as notebooks or index cards, and the need to properly cite sources. The goal of research is to collect facts, data, statistics, and inferences to both establish one's own argument and refute opposing arguments.
Senior High School Reading and Writing SKills
This document discusses the properties of well-written texts, including organization, coherence, language use, and mechanics. It identifies five types of claims that written texts or arguments may make: claims of fact, definition, cause, value, and policy. Each type of claim answers a different question and leads the text or argument in a particular direction regarding purpose and perspective. The document provides examples of each type of claim to illustrate how they differ based on their focus and organizational structure.
The toulmin model
Stephan Toulmin was a British philosopher who developed theories of reasoning that are still used today. In his book The Uses of Argument, he proposed the Toulmin model, which outlines six components of a successful argument: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifiers. A claim is the statement being argued, while grounds provide supporting evidence. A warrant explains the logic connecting the grounds to the claim. Backing provides further support, rebuttal considers exceptions, and qualifiers moderate the claim's strength.
Speech 104
This document defines and explains the concept of a claim, which is a statement worded against the status quo that forms the focus of an argument. There are three types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. The document also outlines the argumentative burdens or responsibilities of both sides in a debate, including the burden of proof, presumption, and rebuttal. Understanding claims and burdens allows for arguments to be made in a civil manner to progress society by empowering arguments against the status quo.
CLAIMS (2).pptx
This document provides information about different types of claims that can be made in arguments: claims of fact, value, and policy. It defines each type of claim and provides examples. Claims of fact assert empirical truths and can be proven true or false. Claims of value make judgments based on preferences and priorities that may reasonably be disagreed on. Claims of policy advocate for specific actions, policies, or solutions based on defined problems. The document guides readers in formulating each type of claim by considering relevant questions for facts, values, or recommended policies.
Argumentative and interpretative essays
The document provides an overview of arguments and the writing of argumentative essays. It discusses the basic components of an argument, including defining key terms, organizing the main body, and paragraph structure. It emphasizes that a good argument should not be based on trivial or obvious claims that can be easily resolved by referring to an authority, but rather should explore more complex issues open to debate and discussion.
Exploring Workplace Conflict
The document discusses various approaches to resolving workplace conflicts, including arbitration, mediation, transformative mediation, and evaluative mediation. It provides an overview of each approach, including typical processes, goals, success rates, and when each may be most applicable. The document also offers recommendations for effective mediation practices and concludes with references.
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This document discusses the key elements of making claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a single statement that is the topic of an argument, stated against the status quo in a way that clearly defines the burdens of proof for both sides. It outlines the burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal that both sides must address. It also categorizes claims into three types: claims of fact, value, and policy and provides examples of each.
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This document provides guidance on analyzing arguments and articles through critical thinking. It discusses evaluating evidence, including facts, testimony, statistics, and different types of reasoning. It provides a checklist for weighing evidence and outlines how to structure an analysis. Key points include examining an argument's thesis, approach, claims, and quality of support, as well as looking for bias, assumptions, and weaknesses in the reasoning. The goal is to assess how convincingly the case is made and determine if it is persuasive.
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Creating Cohesive Arguments Lesson for High School.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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