The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that connect to the internet to collect and exchange data autonomously. It enhances various aspects of daily life through applications in smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, and more, driven by features like artificial intelligence, connectivity, and active engagement. IoT's advantages include improved customer engagement, technology optimization, reduced waste, and enhanced data collection.

1. CHAPTER 4:
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

2. Introduction
• IoT – is accessing and controlling daily usable equipment and devices using
Internet.
• Connecting everyday things embedded with electronics, software, and sensors to
internet enabling to collect and exchange data without human interaction called
as the Internet of Things (IoT)
• IoT is an advanced automation and analytics system which deals with artificial
intelligence, sensor, networking, electronic, cloud messaging etc. to deliver
complete systems for the product or services.

3. 4.1.1. Definition of IoT

4. contd……definition of IoT…

5. • The term Internet of Things (IoT) according to the 2020 conceptual
framework is expressed through a simple formula such as:
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or
"things" embedded with:
• electronics,
• software,
• sensors and
• network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange
data.
IoT= Services+ Data+ Networks + Sensors

6. …contd.…definition of IoT
• IoT is a system of interrelated:
• computing devices,
• mechanical and digital machines,
• objects,
• animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and
• the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.
• IoT is a network of devices that can sense, accumulate and transfer data over the
internet without any human intervention.

7. • Medical devices, such as a heart monitor implant or a biochip
transponder in a farm animal, can transfer data over a network and
are members of the IoT
• Ring, a doorbell that links to your smartphone, provides an excellent
example of a recent addition to the Internet of Things.

8. …contd…
• The internet of things (IoT) has found its application in several areas such as:
• connected industry,
• smart-city,
• smart-home,
• smart-energy,
• connected car,
• smart agriculture,
• connected building and campus,
• health care,
• logistics, among other domains

10. 4.1. Overview of IoT
• The most important features of IoT include:
 artificial intelligence,
connectivity,
sensors,
active engagement and
 small device use

11. • IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances
every aspect of life with the power of:
 data collection,
 artificial intelligence algorithms, and
 networks.
• This can mean something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to
detect when milk and your favorite cereal run low, and to then place an order with
your preferred grocer.
AI −

12. What is smart object in Iot?
• The concept of smart in IoT is used for physical objects that are active,
digital, networked, can operate to some extent autonomously,
reconfigurable and has local control of the resources.
• The smart objects need energy, data storage, etc.
• A smart object is an object that enhances the interaction with other
smart objects as well as with people also.

13. …………Smart object……
• The world of IoT is the network of interconnected heterogeneous objects (such
as smart devices, smart objects, sensors, actuators, RFID, embedded computers,
etc.) uniquely addressable and based on standard communication protocols.
• In a day to day life, people have a lot of object with internet or wireless or wired
connection. Such as:
• Smartphone
• Tablets
• TV computer

14. Connectivity
• Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all the
devices of IoT to IoT platform it may be server or cloud.
• networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers
• Networks can exist on a much smaller and cheaper scale while still
being practical.
• IoT creates these small networks between its system devices.

15. Sensors −
• The sensor devices used in IoT technologies detect and measure any change
in the environment and report on their status.
• IoT loses its distinction without sensors.
• They act as essential instruments that transform IoT from a standard passive
network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
• Without sensors, there could not hold an effective or true IoT environment.

16. Active Engagement −
• Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens
through passive engagement.
• IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product or service
engagement

17. Small Devices −
• Devices as predicted have become smaller, cheaper and more
powerful over time.
• IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision,
scalability and versatility.

18. 4.1.3. Advantages and Challenges of IOT
• Advantages of IOT
• Improved Customer Engagement − IoT completely provides richer and more
effective engagement.
• Technology Optimization − The same technologies and data which improve
the customer experience also improve device use and aid in more potent
improvements to technology.
• Reduced Waste -IoT provides real-world information leading to the more
effective management of resources

19. • Enhanced Data Collection -IoT palces humans where they really want
to go to analyze our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.