2. OBJECTIVES
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Explain the benefits derived
from the capstone project
Formulate one’s concept of
research
Share the current
researches/capstone project in
their field
3. According to Smith (2021), capstone project in college is the
apogee, or completion marker, of a student’s coursework
leading to the culmination of their program with a degree in
their chosen field of study.
The original definition of a capstone focuses on the actual
stone placed at the top of a wall or building, marking the
successful completion of the structure. It is a significant and
celebrated piece of architecture, considered to be the most
important of an entire construction project.
WHAT IS A CAPSTONE
PROJECT?
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4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAPSTONE
PROJECT AND THESIS
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• A capstone is a multilayered project that serves as a culminating academic
experience for students, typically at the end of an academic program.
Moreover, a capstone project may take many forms. In such projects, students
select a topic or social problem that interests them, conduct research on that
subject, record the results or findings, create a final product, showcase their
conclusions, as well their learning acquisition. The final product can take many
forms, such as papers, prototypes, and products. Students have to do an oral
presentation on the project in front of a panel of teachers and experts who will
evaluate the quality of the project.
Capstone Project Thesis
• A thesis or dissertation is a long research paper that typically serves as the final
project for a university degree. Submitting a thesis is generally required for
completing undergraduate honors, master’s, and doctoral degrees. The theses
are very long and may contain hundreds of pages. They are also scholarly in
nature and allow students to contribute valuable research in their field of study.
(Hasa, 2021)
5. HOW TO WRITE ACAPSTONE PAPER?
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• Choosing the subject matter at the last minute is
wrong.
• Jot down your thoughts and check if the topic is
relevant to the course.
• Search for a topic that interests you.
• Consider the format of the assignment.
• Take into account the project’s length.
• Research existing literature on the topic.
Contemplate the topic
• Capstone projects must get approved before you move on
to the full-length academic paper. Therefore, you will submit
a proposal outlining your work to your tutor. The length of a
high-quality proposal would be between one and four
pages. Above all, it must be concise, well-structured, and
convincing. Here is what to include:
•Elaborate on your topic and explain why you chose it.
•Write about the background of the issue and how you
relate to it.
•Include the primary and secondary sources you’ll use.
•Define your research methods, analyses, and tests.
•Describe the test subjects and the approvals you’ll need.
•Share your expectations from the paper.
•List the aims you want to achieve.
Draft the Proposal
Structure (Format Depends on
institution/Institutional Format)
• CMO 25 S. 2015
6. HOW TO CRAFT CAPSTONE TITLE WITH
EXAMPLE
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• Android Based Instructional Material for Java
• Android Based Math Learning App with Quiz Feature
• DictioLator-Web and Mobile-Based Dialect Dictionary and Translator Application
• First Aid Knowledge Based Mobile Application Guide
• Housing Information Management with Mapping
• LPG Leak Detection and Auto-Off System with Online Monitoring and SMS Notification
• Others you may enhance: https://www.inettutor.com/source-code/list-of-capstone-project-titles-with-documentation/
[tool/method/software] for [what purpose] in [what research area]
7. PRELIMINARIES
1. Cover Page – Refer to the format
2. Approval Sheet – Refer to format (Sir al)
3. Abstract –
An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or entire thesis. It is an original work, not an excerpted passage. An
abstract must be fully self-contained and make sense by itself, without further reference to outside sources or to the actual paper.
An abstract is usually around 150–300 words, but there’s often a strict word limit. A well-written abstract serves multiple purposes:
a. an abstract lets readers get the gist or essence of your paper or article quickly, in order to decide whether to read the full paper;
b. an abstract prepares readers to follow the detailed information, analyses, and arguments in your full paper;
c. and, later, an abstract helps readers remember key points from your paper.
d. Part of an abstract are keywords - Provide 3–5 keywords for each chapter. These keywords will enable the chapter’s content to be successfully
searched online. These terms are similar to search terms in an index. Keep keywords to one or two words rather than a phrase, if possible, and
specific to the chapter. Because the words in the title of your chapter are also used as keywords, you do not have to include them in your list of
chapter keywords.
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8. PRELIMINARIES
4. Acknowledgement –
The acknowledgements section is where you thank those who have helped and supported you during the research and writing process. The
acknowledgements appear directly after the abstract, and should usually be no longer than one page.
5. Table of Contents – Refer to the format
6. List of Tables
7. List of Figures
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9. WRITING INTRODUCTION (CHAPTER 1)
Introduction has six basic parts (CTU Format)
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Introduction
The introduction to a research paper is where you set up your topic
and approach for the reader. ... Provide background or summarize
existing research. Position your own approach. Detail your specific
research problem. Give an overview of the paper's structure.
1st Paragraph – universally accepted definition of the domain (Citation)
2nd Paragraph – a definition of the domain that is relevant to your own
definition/domain or to the theme of your project (Foreign Author
Citation)
3rd Paragraph – a definition that is relevant to your own
definition/domain or the theme of your project (Local Author Citation)
4th Paragraph – your own definition of the theme that you will use in
this project
The first 3 paragraphs should state problems, while the 4th paragraph
will show the solution to the problems (how your system will solve
those problems)
Project Context
This portion of the chapter discusses the concepts underlying
the feasibility of the project
This portion must answer the following questions in no particular
order:
• What is the concern of the project? What activities in the
agency do you want to enhance through computerization?
• Who will be your respondents, and who will benefit and be
involved in this project?
• When is the start and finish of the project or how long is the
duration of the project?
• Where is this project conducted and implemented/
• Why does the researchers proposes this project?
• How the project development will be conducted?
10. WRITING INTRODUCTION Introduction has six basic parts (CTU Format)
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Purpose and Description
This part discusses the purpose of developing this project and a description of
its purpose. This must elaborate on what specific actions will be contributed
to the development of the project or what activities in the office will be
covered in the project development and why it has to be part of the whole
project.
This project entitled “Scholarship System Integrating K-Means Algorithm” is
intended to (improve the existing system/develop a new system) design and
develop a system to automate the scholarship transactions of Saint Joseph
Institute of Technology.
This project aims to implement a computerized scholarship system for the
Saint Joseph Institute of Technology particularly the Assessment Department
to lessen the burden of manual processing of scholarship documents where
the staff has to manually entry the details of the scholarship such as the
amount of the scholarship, list of grantees and other pertaining details.
Moreover, this will also help the student view their scholarship status and will
process their application in a digital form.
Followed by:
List the person who will be benefited and how they will be benefited
(significance of the study)
Objectives
General objectives will be stated in this part where the researchers must
describe what they wanted to accomplish at the end of this project
development. Specific objectives shall be enumerated in such a way that the
objectives will become attainable.
The study primarily aimed to design and develop a Scholarship System
integrating the K-Means Algorithm which will be implemented at the
Assessment office of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology to address the
problems pertaining to office transactions, clustering grantees by municipality
or city, and classifying grantees
Specifically, this capstone project aims;
• To conduct a preliminary survey to gather relevant and necessary data for the
project development, particularly on the actual setting of the Assessment Office.
• To analyze the gathered data to determine the desired functional requirements
of the proposed system
• To design and develop a Scholarship System integrating K-means algorithm to
digitalize the scholarship transaction and to cluster scholarships based on
location to determine which city or municipality of Agusan del Norte has the
greater number of scholarship grantees using Visual Basic.net Programming
Language and MySQL database running in XAMPP.
• To test the system’s performance using the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) 25010 software quality characteristics.
• To deploy the fully functional system to the target client.
11. WRITING INTRODUCTION Introduction has six basic parts (CTU Format)
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Scope and Limitations
In a thesis, the scope defines exactly what will be covered
in a study, while the limitations are the constraining aspects
that may have influenced or affected the research.
This part presents what particular activity in the agency is
the focus of this project. The researchers must therefore state on
this part the scope meaning what part of the activities in the
office is covered and what is not. The limitations refer t what the
project cannot accommodate or what the researchers of this
project are not going to deal with,
The proposed system and how the proposed system will
work should not be discussed in this part. Wait until chapter 3
that you have to discuss everything about the system but not
now
12. THEMATIC REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEMS
A thematic review is a methodical approach in research that involves identifying, analyzing, and
reporting patterns (themes) within the literature on a specific topic or question. It goes beyond
merely summarizing existing research to critically examine the themes and underlying concepts
that emerge from a collection of studies. This approach is particularly useful in synthesizing
qualitative data, offering a deep understanding of the subject area by organizing the existing
literature around central themes rather than chronological order or study methodology.
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Why It Is the Standard in Today's Research:
• Comprehensive Synthesis of Literature
• Identification of Research Gaps
• Flexibility Across Disciplines
• Insights into Trends and Patterns
• Critical Engagement with the Literature
• Support for Policy and Practice
• Facilitation of Theory Development
• Enhanced Understanding for Readers
13. IN A LITERATURE REVIEW, IT'S
CRUCIAL TO ADDRESS THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
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Is there a problem?
• Identify existing gaps, challenges, or issues in the current scholarship allocation methods.
• Discuss any shortcomings or limitations of traditional approaches.
• Highlight any discrepancies between the desired outcomes and the current practices.
Is there a need to conduct the study?
• Justify the significance of addressing the identified problem or gap.
• Provide reasons why it is important to explore the integration of the K-Means algorithm into scholarship
systems.
• Discuss potential benefits or advantages that may result from conducting the study, such as improved
efficiency, fairness, or effectiveness of scholarship allocation.
• By addressing these questions in the literature review, you provide a rationale for the relevance and
importance of your research topic, laying the groundwork for the rest of your study.
14. WRITING REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Start your Chapter 2 with an Introductory statement as to what the chapter is all about and
what it will present, this is applicable even to the succeeding chapters. This gives an idea
of the research goal, and goal of the RRL. Use deductive approach the inverted pyramid.
From the general discussion to the specific one.
Example:
This chapter presents a review of related literature and systems to analyze the systematic study of other
researchers related to the system. This is reviewed to identify the similarities and differences of the system
compared to others and what functionalities it has that make it unique. 14
15. THEMATIC RRL PARTS
USE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICALASSOCIATION 7TH
EDITION STANDARDS
Theme – Discuss the topic
• CONCEPT: First discuss the concept (or start with the domain) as basis of the study.
• Example 1. In the study Respiratory Disease Classification using Selected Data Mining Techniques the basis is Data Mining.
• Example 2. The study is Scholarship System Integrating K-Means Algorithm the basis is Management Information System.
• STRATEGY: Second discuss the methods to be used
• Example 1. The technique under data mining that will be used for the study are linear discriminant analysis, naïve bayes and c4.5 algorithm. So, your literature
must include different studies that uses these algorithms.
• Example 2. The developmental model used for the scholarship system is extreme programming and so you must find literatures/systems that uses extreme
programming and if there is an integration of an algorithm you must discuss it here.
• SPECIFIC PROBLEM: Third discuss the problems and or issues that needs to be addressed and will be addressed by your system.
• Example 1: Presentation of problems in the diagnoses of respiratory disease was discussed in this part.
• Example 2: What are the problems encountered by the scholarship and the scholarship office?
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16. 5 YEAR - LITERATURE RECENCY
In the context of a literature review, a "5-year recency" typically refers to the practice of
focusing on scholarly works published within the past five years. This approach ensures
that the review primarily includes recent research findings and discussions relevant to the
current state of knowledge on the topic.
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17. LAST PARAGRAPH OF THE RRL
The last paragraph will be the grand synthesis of the entire literature review. Discuss the
commonality/similarity of the reviewed literature and the current undertakings, then
determine the gap of knowledge, these are the problems that are not address that is related
to the problem you are trying to solve. These are usually found in the last part of the study
usually in the recommendation.
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