Sustainable agriculture integrates various practices that aim to satisfy human food needs while enhancing environmental quality and preserving resources. It has numerous benefits, including environmental preservation, public health protection, economic viability, and animal welfare, although it can also limit land use and income generation. Techniques such as integrated pest management, crop rotation, and organic fertilizers are employed to promote sustainable farming.

1. Sustainable Agriculture
Definition, Advantages and
Disadvantages

2. Agriculture and Food System
A systems Perspective
• Ecosystem
– Interactions between energy, environment and
living organism
• Agro-ecosystem
– An ecosystem managed to produce food and fiber
• Food system
– A system that produces, processes, distributes and
consumes food

3. Food Systems

4. Modern agricultural Practices
• Industrial Agriculture
• Monoculture
• Machinery
• Biotechnology
• Factory Farm
• Vertical integration

5. Driving Forces of Agriculture
1. Technology advancements
2. Product development
3. Food retail
Benefits:
• Increase product yields
• Affordable food
• Increased export markets
• Strong agricultural industry
• Convenience to the consumer

6. An unsustainable future

7. Definition of Sustainability
• Sustain:
– From the Latin word sustinere
– sus-, from below and tenere, to hold
– To keep in existence or maintain
• Implies long-term support or permanence (unchanged)

8. Characteristics of sustainability

9. Sustainable Agriculture
• An integrated system of plant and
animal production practices having
a site-specific application that will
over the long term:
– Satisfy the human food needs
– Enhance environmental quality
– Makes the most of the non-renewable
energy sources
– Sustain economic viability of farming
operations
– Enhance quality of life
•Sustainable agriculture is the practice
of farming using principles of
ecology ,the study of relationship
between organisms and their
environment.

11. Sustainable agriculture is multifunctional
• Production of food and fiber
• Protection of the environment
• Conservation of land and resources
• Development of rural communities
• Maintenance of agricultural heritage

12. Types of Sustainable Agriculture
• Organic Agriculture
• Biodynamic Agriculture
• Permaculture
• Agro-ecological systems
• Low External input Agriculture (LEISA)

13. Sustainable Practices

14. Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture
A. Primary benefits of sustainable agriculture are
1) Environmental preservation
– sustainable farming produce crops and raise
animals without relying on toxic chemical,
pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically
modified seeds, or practices that degrade soil,
water or other natural resources
2) Protection of public health
– since sustainable crop farms avoid hazardous pesticides,
they are able to grow fruits and vegetables that are safer
for consumers, workers and surrounding communities.
– likewise sustainable livestock farmers and ranchers raise
animals without dangerous practices like non-therapeutic
antibiotic or arsenic based growth.

15. 3) Sustaining vibrant communities
– A critical component of sustainable agriculture is
its ability to remain economically viable providing
farmers, farm workers, food processors an others
employed in the food system with a liveable wage
an safe fair working condition.
4) Upholding animal welfare
– sustainable farmers and ranchers treat animals
with care and respect, implementing livestock
husbandry practice that protect animals health
and well being

16. B. Other benefits
• Biodiversity is yet another advantage of
sustainable agriculture.
• It advocates for the production of
various kinds of plant and animal
species.
• Plants are cultivated in rotations.
• This leads to enriched soil and also
prevention of the spread of diseases and
pests outbreaks.

17. Disadvantages of Sustainable Agriculture
• It limits the proper use of land.
• It also hinders the full exploitation of land,
labor and capital.
• This is because it advocates for the use of
productive resources sparingly.
• It is also hard to maintain the fertility of soil
by simply rotating crops.
• Income that is generated from farming is also
very limited due to sparingly use of land.

18. Techniques of sustainable farming
1. Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
• IPM is a broad based approach
that integrates sustainable
practice for economic control of
pests.
• It is a careful consideration of all
available pest control techniques
and subsequent integration of
appropriate measures that
discourages the development of
pest population and keep
pesticides to levels that reduce or
minimize the risk to humans
health and environment.

19. 2. Crop Rotation
•Sustainable practice of
growing series of different
types of crops in same area in
sequential seasons
•crop rotation gives various
nutrients to soil, it also
mitigates the build up of
pathogens and pests that
often occurs when one
species is continuously
cropped and also improve
soil structure and fertility.

20. 3. Biotechnology
•Use of living systems or
organisms to develop or
make useful products.
•Biotechnology can provide
appropriate new tools for
use in solution of specific
problems in sustainable
agriculture.

21. 4. Use of Organic fertilizers
•Organic waste are derived
from animal matter or veg
matter.
•The use of organic
fertilizes in sustainable
gardens and farms are
quickly gaining popularity.

22. 5. Conservation tillage
•conservations tillage is any
method of soil cultivation
that leaves the previous
years crop residue on fields
before and after planting
the next crop.

23. Thank You