local self

1. Changing Perspectives of LG
Changing perspectives of local government can be observed through the
following dimension:
• Ideological Shift on local governance : Local governance refers not only to
local government, but to a situation where whatever a governance organization (an
international NGO, a central government institution, a local government agency or a
private sector enterprise ) is planned, implemented, maintained, evaluated and
controlled with the needs, priorities, interests, participation and wellbeing of the local
populations as the central guiding consideration. Some local governments can become
dictatorial and exploit citizens to serve the interest of local leaders.
• Change on Scope of functions of Local Government: Local government is that part of
government of a country which deals with those matters, which concern the people in
a particular locality. It acts as the communities’ house wife in that it makes our
surroundings fit to live in, keep the street clean, educate our children, builds our house
and does all those other similar jobs which enables us to lead a civilized life. The local
government take up more and more functions which makes the better qualities of life
in cities and towns.

2. In the perspective of Globalization: Globalization
has transformed the functions and roles of the state
overall, the course of change points to a shift of focus
away from hands on management and the direct
production of goods and services and toward strategic
planning. States must establish, maintain, refine and
reform and enabling framework for private enterprise
and individual initiative. Decentralization, de-
bureaucratization, and deregulation are adding to the
importance not only of local government but also of
non state actors on whom significant functions are
devolved or outsourced.

3. Changing Role of the Government: Governmental role has been changed due
to the different factors. Such as the technological change, privatization,
Globalization, etc. In the 21st century, there are four important roles through
which governments can contribute to achieving sustainable economic and
social development. The most crucial of these roles is developing institutional
capacity because this creates the context and the foundation for all of the
others. Without strong institutions neither government nor the private sector
can stimulate economic growth or social progress. A second important role is
enacting and implementing policies that create an enabling environment for
effective participation in a globalizing economy. The inability of some countries
or population groups to benefit from international economic interaction
virtually assures their inability to achieve economic or social progress. Third, in
order to achieve socially equitable economic growth, especially in the poorest
developing countries, the government must focus on pro-poor policies that
combat poverty and enhance the capacities of people who are normally
bypassed in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth to participate
more effectively in productive activities on which their livelihoods depend.
Fourth, government has a crucial role in strengthening the capacity of public
administration to promote socially equitable economic growth, enable
participation in the global economy and combat poverty.

4. Similarly, Following approaches clearly
indicates the changing role of the state:
•State centered approach
•Market Centered approach
•NGO centered Approach
•Decentralization and Devolution Approach
•Participative Approach

5. Political Changes and revolution : Specially in the context of Nepal.
Different political changes had been bring the major changes and
paradigm shift regarding the context of local governance system.
Development of ICTs: Development of ICT and its importance has
affected the role of the government. It focused on the efficiency and
effectiveness of government . Similarly, ICT is regarded as the
combination of skill, methods, techniques and machine. It makes the
government more efficient and effective. In the modern context,
information and communication is power and it affects our
civilization process. It also influenced our developmental process.
Many countries around the world have established organizations for
the promotion of ICTs, because it is feared that unless less
technologically advanced areas have a chance to catch up, the
increasing technological advances in developed nations will only
serve to exacerbate the already-existing economic gap between
technological "have" and "have not" areas.

6. Local Government as a democratic institution: