The document discusses the process and procedures for client interviews and investigations in civil litigation. It covers topics such as screening interviews, implied attorney-client relationships, written representation agreements, contingent fee agreements, case organization, preparing for interviews, cultural and gender differences, ethical obligations, building relationships with clients, and effective listening skills during interviews. The goal of interviews is to gather relevant facts for the case while making the client feel comfortable and confident.
Chapter 11 eleven paralegal in discovery civ lit 2difordham
The document discusses the discovery process in civil litigation. It explains that discovery allows parties to share information prior to trial in order to evaluate their own and the opposing party's case, facilitate settlement, and prepare for trial. After discovery is completed, parties can better assess potential evidence and damages, and balance the probable trial outcome against settlement offers. The document outlines various discovery methods like depositions, interrogatories, requests for production, and their purposes. It also discusses issues around electronic discovery.
Chapter 4 four the court system civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses the US court system and civil litigation processes. It explains that federal courts handle cases involving federal law or diversity of citizenship, while state courts handle most private suits and state laws. It then covers the various sources of law that courts rely on, including constitutions, statutes, administrative rules, and case law. The document provides an overview of civil litigation procedures and requirements, such as jurisdiction, venue, causes of action for torts and contracts, remedies, and the appellate court system.
The document outlines the key steps and procedures in a civil trial, including jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence through direct and cross-examination, closing arguments, jury instructions, deliberations and verdict. Key events include voir dire to screen jurors for bias, challenges for cause or peremptorily removing jurors, and the final jury charge outlining the law before deliberations begin. The paralegal's role is to organize documents and ensure witnesses and evidence are available according to the attorney's instructions.
Chapter 5 five alternative dispute civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses settlement of civil litigation cases and alternative dispute resolution. It notes that most cases settle prior to going to trial through negotiated settlement. The parties assess costs and work to determine realistic values of the case. Settlements help avoid direct costs of trial as well as indirect costs like time and stress. Factors that influence settlement for plaintiffs and defendants are examined, such as uncertainty of juries, costs of litigation, and strength of facts. Negotiation strategies and documentation to support settlement values are also reviewed.
Chapter 1 one paralegal in civil litigation civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of paralegals in civil litigation. It describes how paralegals assist lawyers by collecting information, organizing evidence, analyzing facts and law, and preparing documents. Paralegals are part of a legal team that also includes lawyers, support staff, and information technology specialists. Their work involves tasks like legal research, drafting documents, and employing litigation support software.
Chapter 3 three technology in civil litigation civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the use of technology in civil litigation. It describes how law offices use various software for tasks like document preparation, accounting, calendaring, and trial presentation. It also discusses how technology allows for remote access, storage, collaboration and electronic delivery of documents. The document outlines security issues for online access and storage, including hacking, viruses, and accidental sharing of confidential information. It notes the 2006 revisions to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure regarding electronically stored documents.
The document discusses the key components and requirements of pleadings in civil litigation. Pleadings are formal written statements filed with a court that commence or respond to a lawsuit. They must comply with state and federal rules of civil procedure as well as local court rules. These rules ensure fair trials and just outcomes by addressing procedures for pleadings, discovery, trials, and deadlines. Pleadings establish jurisdiction, elements of causes of action, damages, and requests for relief. They require attorney certification and may require client verification of the truthfulness of claims.
The document discusses different types of evidence that may be presented in civil litigation cases, including facts, witness testimony, documents, and other physical evidence. It explains that evidence must be relevant, reliable, and real to be admissible. Hearsay is generally not allowed but there are several exceptions, such as present sense impressions, excited utterances, and records of regularly conducted business activities. The document provides guidelines for qualifying expert witnesses and details how attorneys can challenge witness credibility.
Chapter 11 eleven paralegal in discovery civ lit 2difordham
The document discusses the discovery process in civil litigation. It explains that discovery allows parties to share information prior to trial in order to evaluate their own and the opposing party's case, facilitate settlement, and prepare for trial. After discovery is completed, parties can better assess potential evidence and damages, and balance the probable trial outcome against settlement offers. The document outlines various discovery methods like depositions, interrogatories, requests for production, and their purposes. It also discusses issues around electronic discovery.
Chapter 4 four the court system civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses the US court system and civil litigation processes. It explains that federal courts handle cases involving federal law or diversity of citizenship, while state courts handle most private suits and state laws. It then covers the various sources of law that courts rely on, including constitutions, statutes, administrative rules, and case law. The document provides an overview of civil litigation procedures and requirements, such as jurisdiction, venue, causes of action for torts and contracts, remedies, and the appellate court system.
The document outlines the key steps and procedures in a civil trial, including jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence through direct and cross-examination, closing arguments, jury instructions, deliberations and verdict. Key events include voir dire to screen jurors for bias, challenges for cause or peremptorily removing jurors, and the final jury charge outlining the law before deliberations begin. The paralegal's role is to organize documents and ensure witnesses and evidence are available according to the attorney's instructions.
Chapter 5 five alternative dispute civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses settlement of civil litigation cases and alternative dispute resolution. It notes that most cases settle prior to going to trial through negotiated settlement. The parties assess costs and work to determine realistic values of the case. Settlements help avoid direct costs of trial as well as indirect costs like time and stress. Factors that influence settlement for plaintiffs and defendants are examined, such as uncertainty of juries, costs of litigation, and strength of facts. Negotiation strategies and documentation to support settlement values are also reviewed.
Chapter 1 one paralegal in civil litigation civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of paralegals in civil litigation. It describes how paralegals assist lawyers by collecting information, organizing evidence, analyzing facts and law, and preparing documents. Paralegals are part of a legal team that also includes lawyers, support staff, and information technology specialists. Their work involves tasks like legal research, drafting documents, and employing litigation support software.
Chapter 3 three technology in civil litigation civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the use of technology in civil litigation. It describes how law offices use various software for tasks like document preparation, accounting, calendaring, and trial presentation. It also discusses how technology allows for remote access, storage, collaboration and electronic delivery of documents. The document outlines security issues for online access and storage, including hacking, viruses, and accidental sharing of confidential information. It notes the 2006 revisions to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure regarding electronically stored documents.
The document discusses the key components and requirements of pleadings in civil litigation. Pleadings are formal written statements filed with a court that commence or respond to a lawsuit. They must comply with state and federal rules of civil procedure as well as local court rules. These rules ensure fair trials and just outcomes by addressing procedures for pleadings, discovery, trials, and deadlines. Pleadings establish jurisdiction, elements of causes of action, damages, and requests for relief. They require attorney certification and may require client verification of the truthfulness of claims.
The document discusses different types of evidence that may be presented in civil litigation cases, including facts, witness testimony, documents, and other physical evidence. It explains that evidence must be relevant, reliable, and real to be admissible. Hearsay is generally not allowed but there are several exceptions, such as present sense impressions, excited utterances, and records of regularly conducted business activities. The document provides guidelines for qualifying expert witnesses and details how attorneys can challenge witness credibility.
The document discusses the process and procedures for depositions in civil litigation cases. It explains that depositions allow parties to ask questions of witnesses or other parties under oath. The duties of paralegals in scheduling and attending depositions are outlined, including reserving locations, notifying participants, and taking notes. Different types of depositions like oral depositions and depositions on written questions are also described. The document provides guidance for witnesses on deposition preparation, conduct, and scope.
Chapter 16 sixteen trial preparation post discovery to pre-trialdifordham
The document discusses the process and procedures for trial preparation in civil litigation cases. It explains that after discovery, attorneys must carefully evaluate the evidence to determine if there is a valid legal claim or defense. They must also consider settlement efforts. The document then outlines various pretrial motions that may be filed, such as motions for summary judgment or to dismiss claims. It provides details on preparing exhibits, witnesses, and other trial documents like briefs and memorandums. Overall, the document offers an overview of the key steps involved in getting a civil case ready for trial.
Chapter 15 fifteen other forms of discovery civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses the process and procedures for physical and mental examinations in civil litigation. It explains that examinations require a court order and are intrusive, so alternative discovery tools may be used first. It describes the roles of treating physicians, defense medical experts, and observers in examinations of plaintiffs. The document also covers requests for admissions as a tool to narrow issues for trial by establishing agreed-upon facts.
Chapter 19 nineteen post trial procedures civ lit 2nddifordham
This document outlines the post-trial procedures and appellate process in civil litigation. It discusses various post-trial motions that can be filed, such as motions for judgment as a matter of law or for a new trial. It also describes the process of compiling the record on appeal, filing appellate briefs, and participating in oral arguments. The overall appellate process involves assembling the trial materials, submitting briefs that present arguments and legal authority, and potentially participating in oral arguments before an appellate court issues a written opinion.
Chapter 20 twenty enforcement of judgments civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the process and procedures for enforcing judgments. It explains that after a judgment is entered, the plaintiff becomes a judgment creditor owed money while the defendant is a judgment debtor who owes money. It describes non-adversarial and adversarial collection methods used by judgment creditors such as collection letters, garnishment of wages, levy of property, and replevin or repossession of specific items. The document also discusses registering foreign judgments and exemptions on certain property from execution.
Chapter 13 thirteen interrogatories and requests for productiondifordham
The document discusses interrogatories and requests for production, which are two commonly used discovery devices in civil litigation. Interrogatories are written questions that require sworn answers from parties. Requests for production require parties to provide documents, physical evidence, or access to inspect non-movable items. Both interrogatories and requests for production follow a standard format and are subject to objections for privileged or otherwise protected information.
Chapter 10 ten responses to complaint civ lit 2difordham
This document discusses the various responses that can be filed in a civil litigation case, including answers to complaints, replies to counterclaims, motions to dismiss, extensions, affirmative defenses, cross-claims, third-party complaints, and the consequences of failing to respond by the deadline such as a default judgment. It provides details on the proper formatting and content required for each type of response.
0596 ia commendation complaint brochure (english) 11x17 setupeastonl
The document provides information about filing complaints with the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office, including both informal and formal complaint processes. It states that normally a supervisor will discuss an informal complaint with the complainant and investigate. A formal complaint involving serious misconduct requires a written statement and will be investigated by a supervisor or Internal Affairs. The Sheriff's Office will notify the complainant of the investigation results and take appropriate disciplinary action if violations are found.
Chapter 12 twelve issues in electronic discovery civ lit 2difordham
This document discusses electronic discovery in civil litigation. It explains that litigation documents may be in paper or electronic formats, including files stored on computers or backup media. The electronic discovery process involves determining what documents are needed, where they are located, and their format. It also discusses issues like reviewing documents to protect privileged information and performing cost-benefit analyses of electronic discovery. Metadata, electronically processing documents, and using litigation support software are also summarized.
The document summarizes key chapters about criminal trial procedures and defenses. It discusses major Supreme Court cases that established and extended the right to counsel. It explains the plea bargaining process and prosecutorial discretion in choosing charges. It also describes diversion programs, new criminal defenses, and reasons for high rates of unprosecuted cases.
The document outlines 8 questions employers should ask before taking adverse employment actions against employees to help ensure fairness and avoid potential legal issues. The questions address an employee's tenure, past warnings, reviewing all documentation of the incident, whether others were treated differently, identifying witnesses, whether the employee is a member of a protected class, how coworkers will perceive fairness, and what will be communicated to the employee. Asking these questions helps employers make informed decisions, reduce legal risks, improve employee morale, and lower exposure to damages in potential lawsuits.
This document contains a series of scenarios related to criminal justice ethics. It introduces a basic framework for ethical decision-making involving facts, moral criteria, and conclusions. It then provides several hypothetical scenarios involving issues like hiring practices, sobriety checkpoints, the role of criminal defense attorneys, use of force by police, and others. For each scenario, it poses discussion questions about how to approach the issue from utilitarian, deontological, and virtue ethics perspectives. The document is intended for use in a criminal justice ethics class.
Protecting the bottom line: 8 ways to minimize employment and labour riskretirementhomes
This document summarizes 8 ways to minimize employment and labor risks: 1) having enforceable employment agreements; 2) implementing proper workplace policies; 3) establishing performance management plans; 4) complying with human rights laws; 5) maintaining positive labor relations; 6) ensuring occupational health and safety compliance; 7) actively managing workers' compensation claims; and 8) properly handling terminations. The presentation provides tips for each area and cautions against the risks of non-compliance.
This chapter discusses legal ethics issues that arise from the use of technology in the legal profession. It covers attorneys' duties of confidentiality and privilege, conflicts of interest, competence, candor in litigation, and supervision of staff. Inadvertent disclosure of sensitive information through technology requires precautions. The work product doctrine and internal investigations also relate to evidentiary privileges. Overall, the chapter examines how technology intersects with lawyers' ethical obligations to clients and the legal system.
The document discusses the challenges facing corrections professionals today, including increased prison populations, more serious inmate needs, new technology, budget cuts, and negative public perceptions. It emphasizes that maintaining safety and security should be the top priority for corrections agencies over inmate programs. Other challenges include high staff turnover, the importance of extensive training, the psychological toll of executions, and preparing inmates for successful reentry. The document outlines how to create a culture of professionalism through shared values and standards, and relationships with oversight bodies. It describes the recruitment and recognition processes used by professional corrections agencies.
The document discusses the history and development of victims' rights in the criminal justice system, from victims having little status or rights in the early 1970s to the passage of numerous laws at both the federal and state levels establishing victims' rights. It also outlines various services and programs that exist to help victims of crimes, such as victim compensation, restitution, victim impact statements, and notification programs. The future of victims' rights aims to further establish fundamental rights for crime victims and provide comprehensive victim services.
This document provides a summary of the history and development of prisons in America from the 1790s to present day. It discusses the origins of the penitentiary system and the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems of solitary confinement. It then outlines the major eras in American corrections from the Penitentiary Era to today's Just Deserts model. Key facts are provided on current prison populations regarding numbers, demographics like increasing female populations, and classifications.
The chapter discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system in the United States. It covers the origins of separate treatment of juvenile offenders beginning in the 18th century and key milestones like the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899. The chapter also examines landmark Supreme Court cases that established due process rights for juveniles and the current three-phase process of intake, adjudication, and disposition for dealing with juvenile offenders.
This document provides a brief history and overview of capital punishment. It discusses how the death penalty has been used throughout history and how views on it have changed over time, especially in the 18th century Enlightenment. It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that have shaped the application of the death penalty in the US. Finally, it covers current death row practices and procedures, as well as topics like public opinion, juveniles receiving the death penalty, and executing the mentally disabled.
The document discusses several issues facing prisons including overcrowding, security threats from gangs, riots, and privatization. It notes that prison populations have increased six-fold in the past 25 years leading to severe overcrowding. Security threat groups like gangs make up around 15% of the prison population. The document also discusses accreditation, privatization of prisons, and new technologies being used in corrections.
This chapter discusses special prison populations including elderly inmates, inmates with mental illnesses or disabilities, and those with HIV/AIDS. It notes the increasing numbers of these special needs inmates and challenges in their management. Key issues addressed include substance abuse treatment and recidivism, prevalence and treatment of HIV/AIDS, the high number of mentally ill inmates and their needs, and medical issues for elderly populations. Housing, costs, and legal considerations for these inmates are also covered.
The document discusses the historical "hands-off doctrine" of American courts not intervening in prison management. It describes how prisoners' rights have expanded since the 1960s due to court rulings establishing certain constitutional rights apply to prisoners as well. The document outlines various ways prisoners can challenge prison conditions, such as through lawsuits, and discusses how the courts balance prisoners' rights with the needs of prison administration.
The document discusses the process and procedures for depositions in civil litigation cases. It explains that depositions allow parties to ask questions of witnesses or other parties under oath. The duties of paralegals in scheduling and attending depositions are outlined, including reserving locations, notifying participants, and taking notes. Different types of depositions like oral depositions and depositions on written questions are also described. The document provides guidance for witnesses on deposition preparation, conduct, and scope.
Chapter 16 sixteen trial preparation post discovery to pre-trialdifordham
The document discusses the process and procedures for trial preparation in civil litigation cases. It explains that after discovery, attorneys must carefully evaluate the evidence to determine if there is a valid legal claim or defense. They must also consider settlement efforts. The document then outlines various pretrial motions that may be filed, such as motions for summary judgment or to dismiss claims. It provides details on preparing exhibits, witnesses, and other trial documents like briefs and memorandums. Overall, the document offers an overview of the key steps involved in getting a civil case ready for trial.
Chapter 15 fifteen other forms of discovery civ lit 2nddifordham
The document discusses the process and procedures for physical and mental examinations in civil litigation. It explains that examinations require a court order and are intrusive, so alternative discovery tools may be used first. It describes the roles of treating physicians, defense medical experts, and observers in examinations of plaintiffs. The document also covers requests for admissions as a tool to narrow issues for trial by establishing agreed-upon facts.
Chapter 19 nineteen post trial procedures civ lit 2nddifordham
This document outlines the post-trial procedures and appellate process in civil litigation. It discusses various post-trial motions that can be filed, such as motions for judgment as a matter of law or for a new trial. It also describes the process of compiling the record on appeal, filing appellate briefs, and participating in oral arguments. The overall appellate process involves assembling the trial materials, submitting briefs that present arguments and legal authority, and potentially participating in oral arguments before an appellate court issues a written opinion.
Chapter 20 twenty enforcement of judgments civ lit 2nddifordham
This document discusses the process and procedures for enforcing judgments. It explains that after a judgment is entered, the plaintiff becomes a judgment creditor owed money while the defendant is a judgment debtor who owes money. It describes non-adversarial and adversarial collection methods used by judgment creditors such as collection letters, garnishment of wages, levy of property, and replevin or repossession of specific items. The document also discusses registering foreign judgments and exemptions on certain property from execution.
Chapter 13 thirteen interrogatories and requests for productiondifordham
The document discusses interrogatories and requests for production, which are two commonly used discovery devices in civil litigation. Interrogatories are written questions that require sworn answers from parties. Requests for production require parties to provide documents, physical evidence, or access to inspect non-movable items. Both interrogatories and requests for production follow a standard format and are subject to objections for privileged or otherwise protected information.
Chapter 10 ten responses to complaint civ lit 2difordham
This document discusses the various responses that can be filed in a civil litigation case, including answers to complaints, replies to counterclaims, motions to dismiss, extensions, affirmative defenses, cross-claims, third-party complaints, and the consequences of failing to respond by the deadline such as a default judgment. It provides details on the proper formatting and content required for each type of response.
0596 ia commendation complaint brochure (english) 11x17 setupeastonl
The document provides information about filing complaints with the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office, including both informal and formal complaint processes. It states that normally a supervisor will discuss an informal complaint with the complainant and investigate. A formal complaint involving serious misconduct requires a written statement and will be investigated by a supervisor or Internal Affairs. The Sheriff's Office will notify the complainant of the investigation results and take appropriate disciplinary action if violations are found.
Chapter 12 twelve issues in electronic discovery civ lit 2difordham
This document discusses electronic discovery in civil litigation. It explains that litigation documents may be in paper or electronic formats, including files stored on computers or backup media. The electronic discovery process involves determining what documents are needed, where they are located, and their format. It also discusses issues like reviewing documents to protect privileged information and performing cost-benefit analyses of electronic discovery. Metadata, electronically processing documents, and using litigation support software are also summarized.
The document summarizes key chapters about criminal trial procedures and defenses. It discusses major Supreme Court cases that established and extended the right to counsel. It explains the plea bargaining process and prosecutorial discretion in choosing charges. It also describes diversion programs, new criminal defenses, and reasons for high rates of unprosecuted cases.
The document outlines 8 questions employers should ask before taking adverse employment actions against employees to help ensure fairness and avoid potential legal issues. The questions address an employee's tenure, past warnings, reviewing all documentation of the incident, whether others were treated differently, identifying witnesses, whether the employee is a member of a protected class, how coworkers will perceive fairness, and what will be communicated to the employee. Asking these questions helps employers make informed decisions, reduce legal risks, improve employee morale, and lower exposure to damages in potential lawsuits.
This document contains a series of scenarios related to criminal justice ethics. It introduces a basic framework for ethical decision-making involving facts, moral criteria, and conclusions. It then provides several hypothetical scenarios involving issues like hiring practices, sobriety checkpoints, the role of criminal defense attorneys, use of force by police, and others. For each scenario, it poses discussion questions about how to approach the issue from utilitarian, deontological, and virtue ethics perspectives. The document is intended for use in a criminal justice ethics class.
Protecting the bottom line: 8 ways to minimize employment and labour riskretirementhomes
This document summarizes 8 ways to minimize employment and labor risks: 1) having enforceable employment agreements; 2) implementing proper workplace policies; 3) establishing performance management plans; 4) complying with human rights laws; 5) maintaining positive labor relations; 6) ensuring occupational health and safety compliance; 7) actively managing workers' compensation claims; and 8) properly handling terminations. The presentation provides tips for each area and cautions against the risks of non-compliance.
This chapter discusses legal ethics issues that arise from the use of technology in the legal profession. It covers attorneys' duties of confidentiality and privilege, conflicts of interest, competence, candor in litigation, and supervision of staff. Inadvertent disclosure of sensitive information through technology requires precautions. The work product doctrine and internal investigations also relate to evidentiary privileges. Overall, the chapter examines how technology intersects with lawyers' ethical obligations to clients and the legal system.
Similar to Chapter 7 seven interviews civ lit 2nd (6)
The document discusses the challenges facing corrections professionals today, including increased prison populations, more serious inmate needs, new technology, budget cuts, and negative public perceptions. It emphasizes that maintaining safety and security should be the top priority for corrections agencies over inmate programs. Other challenges include high staff turnover, the importance of extensive training, the psychological toll of executions, and preparing inmates for successful reentry. The document outlines how to create a culture of professionalism through shared values and standards, and relationships with oversight bodies. It describes the recruitment and recognition processes used by professional corrections agencies.
The document discusses the history and development of victims' rights in the criminal justice system, from victims having little status or rights in the early 1970s to the passage of numerous laws at both the federal and state levels establishing victims' rights. It also outlines various services and programs that exist to help victims of crimes, such as victim compensation, restitution, victim impact statements, and notification programs. The future of victims' rights aims to further establish fundamental rights for crime victims and provide comprehensive victim services.
This document provides a summary of the history and development of prisons in America from the 1790s to present day. It discusses the origins of the penitentiary system and the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems of solitary confinement. It then outlines the major eras in American corrections from the Penitentiary Era to today's Just Deserts model. Key facts are provided on current prison populations regarding numbers, demographics like increasing female populations, and classifications.
The chapter discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system in the United States. It covers the origins of separate treatment of juvenile offenders beginning in the 18th century and key milestones like the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899. The chapter also examines landmark Supreme Court cases that established due process rights for juveniles and the current three-phase process of intake, adjudication, and disposition for dealing with juvenile offenders.
This document provides a brief history and overview of capital punishment. It discusses how the death penalty has been used throughout history and how views on it have changed over time, especially in the 18th century Enlightenment. It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that have shaped the application of the death penalty in the US. Finally, it covers current death row practices and procedures, as well as topics like public opinion, juveniles receiving the death penalty, and executing the mentally disabled.
The document discusses several issues facing prisons including overcrowding, security threats from gangs, riots, and privatization. It notes that prison populations have increased six-fold in the past 25 years leading to severe overcrowding. Security threat groups like gangs make up around 15% of the prison population. The document also discusses accreditation, privatization of prisons, and new technologies being used in corrections.
This chapter discusses special prison populations including elderly inmates, inmates with mental illnesses or disabilities, and those with HIV/AIDS. It notes the increasing numbers of these special needs inmates and challenges in their management. Key issues addressed include substance abuse treatment and recidivism, prevalence and treatment of HIV/AIDS, the high number of mentally ill inmates and their needs, and medical issues for elderly populations. Housing, costs, and legal considerations for these inmates are also covered.
The document discusses the historical "hands-off doctrine" of American courts not intervening in prison management. It describes how prisoners' rights have expanded since the 1960s due to court rulings establishing certain constitutional rights apply to prisoners as well. The document outlines various ways prisoners can challenge prison conditions, such as through lawsuits, and discusses how the courts balance prisoners' rights with the needs of prison administration.
This document provides an overview of life behind bars for inmates. It discusses total institutions, modes of inmate adaptation, the inmate subculture, prisonization, pains of imprisonment, theories on the formation of inmate subcultures, the prison code, argot, inmate roles for men and women, sexuality and violence in men's prisons, characteristics of women inmates compared to men, and features unique to women's prisons such as pseudofamilies and mothers in prison. It concludes with a brief discussion of cocorrectional facilities that house both male and female offenders.
This document discusses managing the prison population and staff. It covers the roles and goals of correctional staff, including providing security, ensuring humane incarceration, and helping inmates develop skills. It describes the staff hierarchy and bases of power. It also examines the staff subculture, personalities, job assignments, stressors, safety concerns, job satisfaction, professionalism, and challenges like managing terrorist inmates.
This document discusses parole, its history, and issues related to reentry of offenders. It covers topics such as the definition and types of parole, the development of parole in the US and England, characteristics of parolees, arguments around whether parole is effective, and challenges with reintegration of offenders. It also addresses related topics such as reentry courts, community policing, and debates around abolishing parole boards.
Jails serve as local correctional facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial or serving short sentences of less than one year. They have historically struggled with overcrowding, underfunding, and inadequate staff training. Today's jails house a growing population that includes many with mental illnesses, substance abuse issues, and poor physical health. Jail administrators work to implement reforms like evidence-based programs, education/vocational training, and accreditation to improve conditions.
This document discusses intermediate sanctions, which are punishment options that are more restrictive than probation but less restrictive than incarceration. It describes various types of intermediate sanctions like drug courts, intensive supervision probation, community service, and remote monitoring. The goals of intermediate sanctions are to better match punishment severity to crime seriousness, promote rehabilitation, and reduce incarceration costs. Research suggests intermediate sanctions can reduce recidivism rates compared to traditional probation or incarceration.
This chapter discusses diversion and probation, which are how most criminal offenders are punished. It covers topics such as the objectives and rationales of diversion programs, the types of diversion (unconditional and conditional), the history and goals of probation, characteristics of adults on probation, research on whether probation is effective, the duties of probation officers including preparing presentence reports, and the probation revocation process.
This document discusses sentencing philosophies and goals, including punishment, rehabilitation, deterrence, and restitution. It outlines different sentencing models such as determinate, indeterminate, and guideline sentencing. It also covers sentencing options, enhancements, and broader issues around proportionality, equity, and racial disparities in legislation and sentencing.
The document provides a history of punishments from ancient times through the 18th century. It describes physical punishments used in ancient Israel, Greece, Rome, and other early civilizations including various forms of execution, mutilation, torture, and public humiliation. It then discusses the emergence of incarceration through the establishment of workhouses and the philosophical shift toward imprisoning criminals that led to the development of the modern prison system.
The number of people under correctional supervision in the US has continued to climb despite declines in crime rates. This is due to get-tough-on-crime laws, the War on Drugs, and parole authorities' fear of liability. There are now over 500 incarcerated per 100,000 people. Corrections involves prisons, jails, probation, parole, and alternative sentencing programs. The growing corrections population has led to an expanding workforce of over 750,000 nationwide. Corrections aims to achieve justice through the criminal justice system, which includes the police, courts, and corrections.
This document outlines learning objectives for a lecture on separation agreements. The objectives cover the nature and purpose of separation agreements, how they are developed, their key components, the differences between merged and surviving agreements, and the role of courts in approving, modifying, and enforcing separation agreements. The paralegal's role in preparing separation agreements is also addressed.
The document discusses the major steps in the adoption process, including determining the rights of biological parents, terminating those rights, identifying adoptive parents, conducting home studies, filing adoption petitions, and finalizing the adoption. It also covers types of adoption, distinguishing between open and closed adoptions, and the rights of married and unmarried biological parents in the adoption process.
The document discusses learning objectives for a lecture on family violence, including explaining what constitutes family violence, identifying remedies for adult victims, recognizing signs that a client is being abused, and responding appropriately when a client is a victim or perpetrator of abuse. The objectives cover defining family violence, remedies like protective orders and criminal charges, recognizing abuse through client cues, and prioritizing client safety by suggesting protective actions and respecting their decisions.