Ergonomics seeks to design equipment and tasks that are compatible with human capabilities and limits. It aims to create a comfortable work environment by understanding human anatomy, physiology, psychology and other factors. Proper ergonomic design can benefit workers by improving health, satisfaction and productivity. When applied to workstations, ergonomics principles address issues like posture, reaching, fatigue and other physical and cognitive stresses. Elements like lighting, temperature, sound and vibration must also be considered to minimize strain and maximize performance.

1. ERGONOMIC
ASPECTS
Muhammad Najib DS, S.Kom.M.T.

2. Understanding of
Ergonomics
A field of study that seeks or handles the design of equipment and tasks
that are compatible with human capabilities and limits.
Work comfort factor.
Ergonomics must be able to understand all human conditions, both in
terms of anatomy, physiology, psychology, engineering, management, and
design / design to design useful tasks.
Rules or wisdom at work.
Friendly to use in all places and fields.

3. Understanding of
Ergonomics (cont.)
That a worker operates a lot of equipment, but can be reached easily.

4. Benefits of Ergonomics for Workers
• It is better to do the work
• Healthier
• Increase job satisfaction
• More productive

5. Ergonomic aspects of
the Work Station
Work stations: computer systems including furniture used, eg chairs,
tables.
Problems that arise if a computer operator works too long at the
computer:
 Increasing myopic attacks.
 Eye complaints, eg irritation, eye strain.
 Back tension, elbow muscles, and shoulder muscles.

6. Ergonomics Principles
• Physical principle
• Cognitive principle

7. Physical Principle
Make everything easy to reach.
Work with appropriate / suitable height.
Work with the right posture.
Reducing excessive energy expenditure.
Minimizing fatigue / fatigue.

8. Physical Principle
(cont.)
Reduces excessive repetition.
Provides space and access distance.
Minimizing contact stress.
Provide mobilization and change posture / position.
Provide mobilization and change posture / position.

9. Physical Principle
(cont.)
Provide mobilization and change posture / position.
 The right lighting.
 The right temperature.
 Withstand vibration.

10. Cognitive Principles
 There is standardization
 Stereotype
 Action Link with perception
 Facilitate the presentation of information
 Presenting information at the right level in detail
 Give a clear image
 Make patterns

11. Cognitive Principles (cont.)
 Make redundancy, for example: different colors, bold,
italics, etc.
 Provide stimulants that vary according to circumstances
 Provide feedback quickly / instantly

12. Lighting
The purpose of lighting design:
 Avoid the user from direct bright light or reflection.
 Obtain a balance between the brightness of the display screen and the
brightness in front of the user.
 Avoid direct light or reflection directly on the display screen.
 Provide confidence that there is sufficient lighting for jobs that do not use
the display screen.

13. Light Source
Direct light, comes from:
 The sun breaks through the window.
 Artificial light source, eg light bulb.
Indirect light, reflected by:
 Wall or partition.
 House ceiling.
 House floor.
 Material that is around the display screen, eg: document holder.
 Top of the table is used.
 Clothing used by operators

14. Temperature and
Air Quality
Computers that are turned on for a long time will produce heat so that it will
affect the temperature of the room where the computer is placed.
This excessive heat will negatively affect operator and computer
performance.
For this reason, other equipment is needed to neutralize the high
temperatures, including the use of fans, and / or air conditioners.

15. Sound Disorders
Can come from: AC sound, computer, human, speaker sound, or other
equipment.
This interference will appear if the sound that occurs is relatively large for
the user.
As a result: users will feel disturbed, stress and concentration decreases

16. How to Overcome
Close ears tightly (‘deaf’).
Install sound absorbers.