Principles of Economics
Submitted to: Prof. Tessie Sagadraca
Submitted by:
Mary Chris ALmoite
Rechilla Jean Cabiso
Alexander Maneclang
Daniel Valdez
IV-CCNA
University of Makati
Tips for writing International economics assignment with perfectionLily Scott
International economics covers all those areas that are influenced by the economic activities going on between different countries with the help of international trade. The vast domain of international economics usually creates a lot of problems for students. Dealing with the terminologies and technicalities is not an easy task until you get assistance from an international economics assignment help experts. So, choose the best among the rest to get your work done within a jiffy!. for more information visit - https://www.myassignmentservices.com/international-economics-assignment-help.html
Foreign economics Policies-Euro Dollar Market, International liquidity, Devaluation, World debt crisis ,Development of under developed Countries, United nations Financial programs, Economic Union & communities
UNIT – V
Business cycles – National income, monetary and fiscal policy – Public finance. TRIM‟s- Intellectual Property rights – TRIP‟s – Industrial Sickness – causes –remedies
International Monetary System: The International Financial System - Reform of International Monetary Affairs
- The Bretton Wood System and the International Monetary Fund, Controversy over Regulation of International
Finance, Developing Countries' Concerns, Exchange Rate Policy of Developing Economies.
Capital-Based Macroeconomics is an outgrowth of the Austrian theory of the business cycle—a theory set out in 1913 by Ludwig von Mises and developed in the 1930s by Friedrich A. Hayek and others.
Tips for writing International economics assignment with perfectionLily Scott
International economics covers all those areas that are influenced by the economic activities going on between different countries with the help of international trade. The vast domain of international economics usually creates a lot of problems for students. Dealing with the terminologies and technicalities is not an easy task until you get assistance from an international economics assignment help experts. So, choose the best among the rest to get your work done within a jiffy!. for more information visit - https://www.myassignmentservices.com/international-economics-assignment-help.html
Foreign economics Policies-Euro Dollar Market, International liquidity, Devaluation, World debt crisis ,Development of under developed Countries, United nations Financial programs, Economic Union & communities
UNIT – V
Business cycles – National income, monetary and fiscal policy – Public finance. TRIM‟s- Intellectual Property rights – TRIP‟s – Industrial Sickness – causes –remedies
International Monetary System: The International Financial System - Reform of International Monetary Affairs
- The Bretton Wood System and the International Monetary Fund, Controversy over Regulation of International
Finance, Developing Countries' Concerns, Exchange Rate Policy of Developing Economies.
Capital-Based Macroeconomics is an outgrowth of the Austrian theory of the business cycle—a theory set out in 1913 by Ludwig von Mises and developed in the 1930s by Friedrich A. Hayek and others.
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY - B.A. ECONOMICS- IV SEMESTER - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS - UNIT – V: Evolution, Role and Functions of International Institutions - IMF, IBRD, GATT, WTO and ADB.
International Financial Management ,International Money Market,International Capital Market,International Bond Market,Bench Marking,Euro currency Market
Exchange Rate Theories – Derivatives – Forward Rate Agreements – Currency Futures and Interest Futures - International Banking – Role of IMF in International Liquidity – International Institutions – World Bank.
To learn the fundamentals of foreign exchange
To identify the major characteristics of the foreign-exchange market and how governments control the flow of currencies across national borders
To describe how the foreign-exchange market works
To examine the different institutions that deal in foreign exchange
To understand why companies deal in foreign exchange
presentation slides on international funds flow prepared by the group members in a new way thanks guys for providing such a beneficial, knowledgeable slides.
Foreign Exchange Market
Dear All,
In this mail we had shown details about Foreign Exchange Market.
What is Foreign Exchange Market etc. It will be helpful you to get an knowledge about foreign Exchange market.
It will be helpful you for school/ college projects for students as well as other persons.
Introduction to international finance and International economyAparrajithaAriyadasa
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY - B.A. ECONOMICS- IV SEMESTER - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS - UNIT – V: Evolution, Role and Functions of International Institutions - IMF, IBRD, GATT, WTO and ADB.
International Financial Management ,International Money Market,International Capital Market,International Bond Market,Bench Marking,Euro currency Market
Exchange Rate Theories – Derivatives – Forward Rate Agreements – Currency Futures and Interest Futures - International Banking – Role of IMF in International Liquidity – International Institutions – World Bank.
To learn the fundamentals of foreign exchange
To identify the major characteristics of the foreign-exchange market and how governments control the flow of currencies across national borders
To describe how the foreign-exchange market works
To examine the different institutions that deal in foreign exchange
To understand why companies deal in foreign exchange
presentation slides on international funds flow prepared by the group members in a new way thanks guys for providing such a beneficial, knowledgeable slides.
Foreign Exchange Market
Dear All,
In this mail we had shown details about Foreign Exchange Market.
What is Foreign Exchange Market etc. It will be helpful you to get an knowledge about foreign Exchange market.
It will be helpful you for school/ college projects for students as well as other persons.
Introduction to international finance and International economyAparrajithaAriyadasa
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
Money: Definition, Origin, Functions, Inflation, Deflation, Value of Money, M...flowerpower_1324
These slides cover the first chapter of the B.Com "Banking and Finance" syllabus: Money.
It includes the following topics: Definition, Origin, Functions, Inflation and its remedies, , Deflation and its causes, reflation, devaluation, , Monetary and Fiscal Policy, Paper Money: its kinds and advantages and disadvanatges, Monetary system, Value of Money: quantity theory of money, cash balance approach, modern theory of money.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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3. BARTER
A method of exchange by which
goods or services are directly
exchanged for other goods or
services without using a
medium of exchange, such as
money.
.
4. MERCANTILISM
Economic nationalism for the
purpose of building a wealthy
and powerful state.
It was believed that national
strength could be maximized by
limiting imports via tariffs and
maximizing exports.
.
5. ADAM SMITH
coined the term
“mercantile system”
to describe the
system of political
economy that sought
to enrich the country
by restraining
imports and
encouraging exports.
.
6. MONEY
An article which may be used as
a universal passport to provide
everything except
HAPPINESS.
7. Functions of Money
Means of payment for buying
things and for paying debts.
Standard value or a unit of
account serves as a common
denominator in which the
value of all goods and services
are expressed.
.
8. Money as a means of storing
wealth.
Money facilitated trade and
commerce transactions.
.
9. LAWS OF MONEY
GRESHAM’S LAW
“Poor or bad money drives the
good or better money out of
circulation.”
-- Sir Thomas Gresham
.
10. Quantity TheorY
of Money
• States that there is a direct
relationship between the
quantity of money in an
economy and the level of prices
of goods and services sold.
11. • The calculation behind the quantity
theory of money is based upon Fisher
Equation:
MV=PT
Where:
M - represents the money supply.
V - represents the velocity of money.
P - represents the average price level.
T - represents the volume of transactions
in the economy.
12. BANKS
The word “bank” was derived
from Italian word banco which
means “bench or desk”, used
during the Renaissance era
by Florentine bankers, who used
to make their transactions above
a desk or bench covered by a
green tablecloth.
13. Business establishment that
safeguards people’s money and
uses it to make loans and
investments.
An establishment authorized
by a government to provide
financial services to its
customers.
14. CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
It is a bank that lends money and
provides transactional, savings, and
money market accounts that accepts
time deposits.
15. THRIFT BANKS
Include savings and mortgage banks,
savings and loan associations and
private development banks.
16. RURAL BANKS
Commonly referred to as the
regional unit bank.
Provide adequate credit facilities to
farmers and merchants or to
cooperatives and, in general, to the
people of the rural communities of
which the rural bank operates in.
17. FUNCTIONS OF BANKS
1. Banking and Exchange
2. Furnishing of Currency by Banks
3. Deposit Functions of Banks
4. Lending and Discount Functions
5. Remittance and Collection Function
6. Fiduciary Function
19. OBJECTIVES OF CENTRAL BANK
Maintain internal and external
monetary stability in the
Philippines, and preserve the
international value of peso.
To foster monetary, credit, and
exchange conditions conducive to a
balances and sustainable growth of the
economy.
20. Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas
(Central bank of the Philippines)
Bank of the banks in Philippines
that provides the regulations and
procedures for its member banks.
21. WORLD BANK
Makes loans throughout the
developing world to finance
specific capital projects.
The World Bank's official goal is
the reduction of poverty.
22. THE INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
Is an organization of 188
countries, working to foster global
monetary cooperation, secure
financial stability, facilitate
international trade, promote high
employment and sustainable
economic growth, and reduce
poverty around the world.
23. Objectives of IMF
1. To promote international monetary
cooperation through a permanent
institution.
2. To facilitate the expansion and
balanced growth of international
trade.
3. To promote exchange stability.
24. 4. To assist in the organization of a
system of payment.
5. To give confidence to member
countries
6. To shorten the duration and reduce
the degree of disequilibrium in the
International Balance of Payments.
25. CREDIT
It is the power to obtain goods at
present in exchange for a promise
to pay in the future.
26. 4 C’s of Credit
1. Character
2. Capacity to pay
3. Capital
4. Collateral or the security in
case that debt can not be paid.
27. Advantage of Credit
1. It facilitates exchange.
2. It increases the volume of
production.
3. It eliminates the risk involved
in making payments to distant
places.
4. It economizes the use of coins
and paper money.
28. 5. It eliminates the danger of
being robbed
6. It makes possible the
accumulation of capital to
finance an enterprise
29. Disadvantages of Credit
1. It facilitates the overexpansion of
business activity.
2. A too liberal credit encourages
extravagance.
3. It increases business risk.
4. Easy borrowing of the
government often leads to
wasteful use of public funds.
30. Monetary Policy
Refers to the country’s central
bank role to determine the amount
of money and the cost of credit
interest rate.
31. Theory of comparative
advantage
States that it is better to specialize
in those activities in which the
advantage over others is greatest or
in which the disadvantage compared
to others is the smallest.
33. BALANCE OF TRADE
(BOT)
The difference between a country's
imports and its exports.
It is the largest component of a
country's balance of payments.
34. IMPORT
-Goods and services of foreign
countries that one country purchases,
or the total value of such expenditures.
EXPORT
-One country’s goods and services that
are sold to other countries, or the total
value of such sales.
35. Balance of payments
(BOP)
Systematic record of all the economic
transaction of the country on the
receipts from and payments to
foreign countries.
36. The transactions in Balance of
Payments are generally classified into
three categories:
1. Transactions in goods and services.
2. Transfer payments
3. Transactions in capital and monetary
gold.
37. SURPLUS
-It is when receipts are more than
payments.
DEFICIT
-It is when disbursements exceed
receipts.
38. INFLATION
This is the rate of upward movement
in the general price level for an
aggregate of goods and services.
39. variations on inflation
Deflation is when the general level of
prices is falling. This is the opposite of
inflation.
Hyperinflation is unusually rapid
inflation. In extreme cases, this can lead to
the breakdown of a nation's monetary
system.
Stagflation is the combination of high
unemployment and economic stagnation
with inflation.
40. DEMAND PULL INFLATION
Summarized as "too much money
chasing too few goods". In other
words, if demand is growing faster
than supply, prices will increase.
44. Inflation Rate
The percentage by which prices of
goods and services rise beyond their
average levels.
Inflation Rate = (Po- P-1)* 100 / P-1
Where:
Po = the present average price
P-1 = the price that existed last year.
45. trade
“Primary instrument of development.”
The transfer of ownership of goods and
services from one person or entity to
another by getting something in
exchange from the buyer.
46. Free trade
Occurs when the government has
placed to tariffs on imports and no
restrictions on exports
47. Three ways in which free
trade can be achieved
1. Unilaterally or when one country
reduces its trade barriers regardless of
the practices of the other country.
2. Bilaterally or when two countries agree
to remove tariff barriers between them.
3. Multilaterally or when many countries
agree to lower tariffs at the same time.
48. REASONS FOR INTERFERING
WITH FREE TRADE
1. Mercantilism
2. National Defense
3. Infant Industries
4. Protecting the wages of labor
5. Protecting the jobs of labor
49. Importance of Free
Trade
1. It would be necessary to find substitutes
for some product we enjoy.
2. More money would have to be spent to
produce things that could be imported at
less cost.
3. The economy of other countries that
depend on our trade would be hurt.
50. Trade barriers
1. Tariffs – excise taxes on imported goods.
2. Import Quotas – Specify the maximum
amounts of commodities which may be
imported in any period.
51. 3. Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) – refer to
licensing requirements, unreasonable
standards pertaining to product quality or
safety, or unnecessary bureaucratic red
tape customs procedure.
4. Voluntary Export Restrictions (VERs)
- trade barriers by which foreign firms
voluntarily limit the amount of their
exports to a particular country.