The document discusses Malaysia's administrative system and structure. It describes the cabinet system and the role of the Prime Minister as the head of government who works with various ministries. It provides examples of key ministries like Defense, Finance, and Trade and Industry. It also discusses statutory bodies that support the ministries and two commissions that help ensure smooth government operations.

1. Mpu3173 pengajian malaysia 3
Chapter 3
THE Administrative system AND STRUCTURE
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2. THE CABINET SYSTEM
1. The cabinet system is a form of a government and ruling system
practiced today by most countries
2. In this matter, when a political party succeeds in an election, the
party is rendered qualified to rule the country as the people
have given the mandate
3. The respective party leader will be called upon by the King
(Head of State) and approved as Prime Minister (head of
Government)
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3. PRIME MINISTER
1. The PM also acts as a chairperson in the Council of Ministers’ meeting and
takes the role of the country’s diplomatic officer
2. In addition, the PM also has the role to introduce and perform a policies,
for example:
Clean, Efficient, and Trustworthy
The Privatization Policy
The Look-East Policy
The Policy of Instillation of the Islamic Values
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4. 3. The Prime Minister also has the role to introduce and perform a
policy to:
 Improve the performance of the public services
 Change the attitude of the public service officers
 Form close ties of the public and private sectors
4. The Prime Minister also has the authority to form international
relations and to approve high-ranking positions
5. He is also responsible towards the policies that are put into practice
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5. 6. Some leaders of the country also obtain from the PM and the cabinet
in performing their duties. This is reasoned by the fact that the power of
the head of the country also has its limitations. He will only approve an
issue or matter after it is agreed by the cabinet and the PM.
7. In Malaysia, when a draft of law is presented, it will be approved by
the Cabinet. Then the draft will be presented to the Yang di-Pertuan
Agong after being counselled by the PM
8. The PM is also the head of the political party which has won by the
majority in the election. Additionally, the PM also takes the role of the
country’s diplomatic officer. This is done through diplomatic and
business relations with foreign countries
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6. LOOK-EAST POLICY
Tun Mahathir’s Era
 The Look East Policy was the brainchild of the Malaysian Prime
Minister, Mahathir Mohammad in 1981
 It was announced few months after Mahathir came to power in
1981
 It was aimed in emulating/imitate some characteristics
(economically and ethically) of other neighbouring nations,
particularly Japan.
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7. Tun Abdullah’s Era
 Japan and China became the focus on the second wave of Look East
Policy
 Malaysia interested on how Japan could make their citizen to be
patriotic, discipline, has good work ethics and competent management
system
 Besides that, Malaysia also chose China as the good example in
industrial sector and agricultural sector.
 For Abdullah, Malaysia should be like China. Even though China is
one of Asian developed countries, but they did not neglect the
agricultural sector. Agricultural sector can contribute to the food
supply of the country and also has a commercial values for import and
export.
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8. Dato’ Seri Najib’s Era
This time, Malaysia select China, Japan and South Korea into this
policy
China has become the world’s biggest economy. Japan is popular with
its commitment and discipline in work ethics. While, South Korea has
been acknowledged as one the newly developed Asian countries in
2013.
For Najib, Malaysia could follow the creativity and the competency of
South Korea in order to become a developed country in 2050.
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9. PRIVATIZATION POLICY
Announced by Tun Mahathir in 1983
Highlighted the important role of private sectors in
developing the country’s economy
This policy helps the government to not only focuses on
the development of the economy, but also other important
issues that related to the domestic affairs and the
international affairs
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INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT

11. THE MINISTRY
1. In Malaysia today, there are as many as 25 ministries and
this number can be added or reduced according to the
country’s needs
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12. 2. Example the name of ministry:
 The Ministry of Defense
 The Ministry of Finance
 The Ministry of State Affairs
 The Foreign Ministry
 The Ministry of Women, Family, and Community Development
 Ministry of Sports and Youth
 Ministry of Health
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13. THE OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE MINISTRY
THE PRIME MINISTER’S DEPARTMENT
1. The objectives of the Prime Minister’s Department are:
2. To plan, conclude, and coordinate all the policies and information
pertaining to the country
3. To determine the administrations of the government, personnel,
development project’s implementation coordination, the modernization of
the government’s organization, protocol and ceremony, Islamic Affairs as
well as international conference management organized by the Malaysian
government; implemented according to policies and obligations which are
determined from time to time
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14. 2. The functions of the Prime Minister’s department lie in:
 Watching over and coordinating all government policies and their
respective implementations
 Supervising and coordinating all activities of the departments and
offices under it;
 Preparing a secretariat service to several cabinet and national
committees
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15. THE MINISTRY OF COMMODITYAND FARMING INDUSTRY
1. The objectives of the Ministry of Commodity and Farming Industry are:
 To enhance the contribution of the community-based industry to the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign currency exchange
 To make Malaysia an excellent centre in R&D, technological advancement and
services in prime industries
 To improve the competitiveness of the country’s prime industries through the
improvement of productivity, quality, efficacy and effectiveness of the related
sectors
 To strengthen and broaden the market as well as increase shares in the new
market and niche markets
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16. 2. All ministry activities are carried out through nine departments:
 Human Resource Management
 Finance and Development Management
 Rubber Industrial Development
 Fats and Vegetable Oil Industrial Development
 Pepper, Tobacco and Cocoa Industrial Development
 International Relations
 Corporate and Strategic Planning
 Wood Industrial Development
 Communication and Information Technology
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17. THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
1. The objectives of the Ministry of Defence are:
 To form a competent k-Force with a capacity to manage and
handle sophisticated defence technology
 To make the Malaysian Armed Forces an efficient defence camp
in executing combat duties
 To improve the support of the defence technology through
Research and Development (R&D) and industrial development
 To strengthen the regional defence relationship
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18. 2. The functions of the ministry are:
 Managing the country’s defence
 Carrying out the country’s defence policy as well as other
government policies
 Making the services of management and administration of the
Malaysian Military available
 Handling the resources allocated for the country’s defence
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20. THE MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND
INDUSTRY
1. The objectives of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry are
to plan, formulate, and implement policies of foreign trade and the
country’s industry to grow exponentially towards achieving the National
Economic Policy and Vision 2020
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PALM OIL

22. 2. The responsibilities of this ministry are:
Planning, formulating and carrying out policies of investment, industrial growth
and overseas’ trade
Formulating and encouraging mutual trade relations and multi-directional
relations, as well as regional trade cooperation
Planning and motivating Malaysian export performance development in the
international market
Planning, coordinating and detecting the development of small industries and
medium-based industries
Developing and improving management skills, supervision and
entrepreneurship generally to the bumiputras
Ensuring that the country receives maximum benefit from manufacturing
industries and international market opening
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23. STATUTORY BODIES
1. Statutory bodies play an important role in support of the
ministries. This is so as most of the statutory bodies are placed
under a ministry
2. Currently, Malaysia have 15 department in the Federal
Statutory Bodies
3. For example, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), Malaysian Palm
Oil Board (MPOB), Public Higher Education Institutions,
Social Security Association (SOCSO), Berita Nasional
Malaysia (BERNAMA), etc
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24. THE COMMISSION
1. To ensure that the government administration machinery runs
smoothly and systematically
2. The government has formed two commissions, which are the
Permanent and Temporary Commission
3. To guarantee that this commission is independent and that there
is no intervention from certain parties, the members of the
commission are exclusively appointed by King/Yang di-Pertuan
Agong after negotiation with the Conference of Rulers
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25. PERMENANT COMMISSION
1. The Public Services Commission Malaysia
2. The Education Services Commission
3. The Police Force Commission
4. Judicial and Legal Service Commission
5. The Election Commission of Malaysia
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PERMENANT
COMMISSION AND TEMPORARY COMMISSION
Permanent Commission Temporary Commission
1. Since they are permanent, they work in a
longer period
2. They are fixed and established commission.
Because they will remain in the
administrative process
1. They do not have any investigation of issues,
because their commission already has the
jobscopes.
1. Short period
2. They exist because of certain main issues.
For example, is the current hot topic in the
country is about bullying in schools, they
will create a temporary commission just to
investigate in that issue. The member of this
temporary commission will be joining by
various experts from various fields. For
example, police, teachers, child
psychologists and many more
3. They will be ‘gone’ after their investigations
are done

27. 1.Function of election:-
 To form a democratic government
 To ensure continuity of national leadership
 Choose candidates for top government positions
2.Types of Election
In Malaysia, there are two types of election namely General
Election and by-election
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ELECTION

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29. 1. The EC is wholly responsible for the holding and management of
elections in Malaysia
2. The member of the EC are selected by the King after consultation
with conference of rulers.
3. The election system; since 1957, Malaysia has maintained a political
system whereby political parties who obtain the majority of the seats
in the Parliament or in the State Legislative Assembly will have the
right to form the government
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THE ELECTION COMMISSION (EC)

30. The voter must be registered. In Malaysia, one is eligible to vote if she/he is:
 A citizen of Malaysia
 21 years old and above
 A resident in any of the constituencies in Malaysia
Disqualified :-
 Arrested and declared insane, or serving a prison sentence
 Found guilty and sentenced to death or imprisonment for a term exceeding 12
month and still serving a sentence while registering
 Found guilty under the 1954 Election Offence Act
 Have obtained a foreign citizenship
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REGISTRATION OF VOTERS

31. 1. In the electoral system of Malaysia, candidates may represent a
party, or stand as independent candidates
2. One is eligible to be a candidate in an election if she/he fulfils
the following conditions:
 Malaysian citizen who lives in Malaysia
 21 years old and above
 Lives in whichever state she/he wishes to contest in
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ELIGIBILITY OF CANDIDATES

32. A candidate loses his or her eligibility if she/he:
Is found to be insane
Has been declared bankrupt
Hold any office of profit
Fails to submit a report of election expenses
Has been found guilty by a court in Malaysia and sentenced
to imprisonment for a term of not less than one year or fined
not less than RM2000, and has not been pardoned
Has obtained a foreign citizenship
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33. 1. If the King dissolve the Parliament, a general election must be
held within 60 days but for Sabah and Sarawak, the period
allowed is longer (90 days)
2. The process of general election or by-election will start with the
issuance of a writ by the EC to the returning officer
3. At the same time, a notice will be gazzetted to specify the dates
for nomination day and polling day
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THE ELECTION PROCESS

34. 1. Refers to the day set by the EC for candidates to submit their
nomination papers to the Returning Officer to contest in the
election
2. These nomination papers must be submitted by the candidates
themselves, proposers or supporters
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NOMINATION DAY

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36. 1. If a candidate represents a political party, she/he can use the
symbol of the party if the party leader gives a written consent
2. Meanwhile the independent Candidate can also choose from the
symbols prepared by the EC
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POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS

37. 1. Polling day refers to the day the voters cast their votes
2. The time for casting votes is set to be from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm
throughout Malaysia
3. Voting is carried out in designated voting centre
4. Each voting centre has a presiding officer who overlooks the
voting process whereby assisted by voting clerk and counting
clerk
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POLLING DAY

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39. Practicing parliamentary democracy is beneficial to the people of this country.
Since its inception, it had managed to create political stability, peace and
prosperity. Through a parliamentary democracy, the existence of a constitutional
monarchy maintains the ruling traditions of the country. The government is
chosen by the people and must win the hearts of the people and not be biased
against minority groups as this would cause the government to lose support in
the future. Individuals need to protect their rights and exercise their right to vote
to determine who rules the country. It is hoped that that all citizens will continue
to cooperate and make it possible for democracy to continue. It is important for
the people to remember that the Constitution exists for each race to co-exist in
harmony and tolerance and if there are any attempts to destroy it, national
security will be threatened. Parliamentary democracy is the cornerstone of
progress and peace in the country and therefore should be supported and
defended.
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Summary

40. All lecture notes are taken from;
• Andaya, B.W. and Andaya, L.Y. (1981), A History of Malaysia,
Hong Kong: Macmilla Asian Histories series.
• Chai Hon Chan. (1967). The development of British Malaya
1896-1909, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
• Mardiana Nordin dan Hasnah Husin. (2014). Malaysian
Studies. Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar.
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REFERENCES