This document provides study guide questions for Chapter 3 on ancient Mesopotamian civilizations. It includes terms to learn like import, export, city-state, colony, empire, Phoenician trade, and Hammurabi's Code. There are map questions about how Sumer's location aided trade and what geography attracted people to Mesopotamia. Essay questions address why civilizations need laws using Hammurabi's Code as an example, compare geography's role in Sumer and Phoenicia considering resources and trade, and discuss the short and long-term impacts of the Sumerian invention of cuneiform writing. Students are to answer questions using the provided material.

1. Chapter 3 Study Guide Name:
In addition to the information you used on the 3 section quizzes, please be familiar with the following
terms and how they relate to one another.
Import vs. Export
City-state, Colony, Empire
Phoenician trade
Hammurabi’s code, rule of law
Use the chart above to answer the following questions:
1. What lands did Cyrus add to the Persian Empire?
2. When was the longest gap between controlling groups? Was this length of time common during
other periods in the history of this region?

2. Map: Use the map to answer the following questions
1. How do you think Sumer’s location helped it succeed in trade?
2. What about the geography of Mesopotamia attracted people to settle there and form societies?
3. How was trade in Sumer different from trade in Phoenicia?
Essay: Will be graded for organization and ideas/content
1. Why do civilizations need public sets of laws? Using Hammurabi’s Code as an example, explain
whey rules and laws understood by everyone are necessary fora civilization to continue to develop.
2. Compare and contrast the role that geography played in the development of the Sumerian and
Phoenician civilizations. In your answer, be sure to consider natural resources, trade and the value of
land to other people.
3. How did the Sumerian invention of cuneiform influence civilizations for centuries to come? Explain
the short-term and long-term impact of the writing system.