This document provides an overview of organic and biological molecules, including:
- Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, while biochemistry is the study of living things.
- Hydrocarbons can be saturated (alkanes), unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes), aromatic, or derivatives containing functional groups.
- Polymers are large molecules made of repeating monomer units and include synthetic polymers like polyethylene as well as natural polymers like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
- Proteins consist of amino acid monomers and have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of structure determined by bonding interactions. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information
2. AP Chemistry
LO 2.15 The student is able to explain observations regarding the solubility of
ionic solids and molecules in water and other solvents on the basis of particle
views that include intermolecular interactions and entropic effects.
(Sec 22.5-22.6)
LO 5.11 The student is able to identify the noncovalent interactions within and
between large molecules, and/or connect the shape and function of the large
molecule to the presence and magnitude of these interactions. (Sec 22.6)
19. Section 22.2
Alkenes and Alkynes
Hydrocarbons
Alkenes: hydrocarbons that contain at least one
carbon–carbon double bond. [CnH2n]
CH3–CH=CH2 propene
Alkynes: hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon–
carbon triple bond. [CnHn]
CH3–CH2–CΞC–CH3 2–pentyne
29. Section 22.4
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
AP Learning Objectives, Margin Notes and References
AP Margin Notes
Acids and bases can serve as catalysts in chemical reactions. See Appendix 7.9 “Acid Catalysis” to learn more about
this acid-catalyzed reaction mechanism.
32. Section 22.5
Polymers
AP Learning Objectives, Margin Notes and References
Learning Objectives
LO 2.15 The student is able to explain observations regarding the solubility of ionic solids and molecules in water
and other solvents on the basis of particle views that include intermolecular interactions and entropic effects.
35. Section 22.5
Polymers
Types of Polymerization
Addition Polymerization
Monomers “add
together” to form the
polymer, with no other
products. (Teflon®)
37. Section 22.6
Natural Polymers
AP Learning Objectives, Margin Notes and References
Learning Objectives
LO 2.15 The student is able to explain observations regarding the solubility of ionic solids and molecules in water
and other solvents on the basis of particle views that include intermolecular interactions and entropic effects.
LO 5.11 The student is able to identify the noncovalent interactions within and between large molecules, and/or
connect the shape and function of the large molecule to the presence and magnitude of these interactions.