chemistry

1. Chapter 22
Organic and
Biological Molecules
AP*

2. Objectives
 The students will be able to
 Explain observations regarding organic molecules along with
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
 Elaborate Isomers.
 Discuss past paper Questions.

3. Section 22.3
Aromatic Hydrocarbons

4. Chapter 22
Organic Chemistry
 Organic Chemistry
 The study of carbon-containing compounds and their
properties. The vast majority of organic compounds
contain chains or rings of carbon atoms.
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5. Chapter 22
Alkanes:
 Single bonds between carbon atoms.
 Ends in –ane
 General Formula: alkanes [CnH2n+2]

6. Section 22.1
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Example of Saturated Hydrocarbons
Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen.
 Saturated: C—C bonds are all single bonds.
C C
H
H
H
H
H
H

7. Section 22.1
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
Members of alkanes:

8. Section 22.1
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
 All Unsaturatedhydrocarbons valencies are satisfied
by double and triple bonds.multiple bonds.
C C C
H H
H
H
H
H
C C C
H
H
H
H

9. AP Chemistry
In organic Molecules Organic Molecules
 Contains only small
amount of Carbon (I.e.,
carbides, oxides)
 Ionic or Covalent bonds
 High MP, strong
intermolecular forces
 Contains Carbon!!!!
 (CHON)
 Covalent bonds
 EXCEPT CO2 it’s
inorganic

10. Section 22.1
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
Isomers; same molecular formula but different
structural formula.

11. Section 22.1
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Butane