This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the key principles of OOP including data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also covers Java programming basics such as classes, objects, methods, and how to compile and run a simple Java program.

1. Introduction to Object-Oriented
Programming
Chapter 1

2. Object-Oriented Programming
 Object-oriented programming (OOP) involves
programming using objects.
 The major objective of OOP is to eliminate the
some of the flaws encountered in the procedural
approach
 OOPs treat data as critical element in the
program development and not allow to flow freely
around the system.
 An object represents an entity in the real world
that can be distinctly identified.
 For example, if student is class then behaviors
and characteristics are said to be objects,

3. Object-Oriented Programming
Paradigms
 A set of concepts, principles, and rules is called a
programming paradigm.
 Types of paradigms are
 Imperative paradigm
 Object Oriented Paradigm
 Declarative programming paradigm
 Functional programming Paradigm

4. Imperative paradigm
 Imperative programming is a
programming paradigm in which statements are
written to change the state of the program. (Such
as Algorithm)
 Example (Getting of friend to your place)
 We'll explain to him how to get there in an
imperative way:
 From the Central Station, take train 1.
 Get off the train at the third station.
 Walk to the right, toward Sixth Avenue, until
you reach
the third junction.

5. Object Oriented Paradigm
 In practice, both functional and object-oriented
paradigms can coexist.
 Java is living proof that supports this collaboration
such as Classes and Objects.

6. Declarative programming and
Functional programming paradigm
 Declarative programming is a programming
paradigm that specifies what a program should
do
 example instead of telling our friend how to get
to the specific location, we can simply give him
the address and let him figure out how to get
there.
 The functions can be regarded more as
sequences of instructions, routines, or
procedures. (Data type, methods and functions )

7. Overview of OO principles
Four principles of object oriented programming:
 Data Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism

8. Data abstraction
 Data abstraction refers to providing only
essential information about the data to the
outside world, hiding the background details or
implementation.

9. Encapsulation
 Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping
the data (variables) and code acting on the data
(methods) together as a single unit.
 The technique of keeping together data structures
and the methods (procedures) which act on them.
 The user can only perform a restricted set of
operations on the hidden members of the class by
executing special functions commonly called
methods.

10. Inheritance
 Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which one
object acquires all the properties and behaviors of
a parent object.

11. Polymorphism
 Polymorphism in Java has two types: Compile time
polymorphism (static binding) and Runtime
polymorphism (dynamic binding).

12. Java applications
 Java is a programming language that runs on any
platform. Its open-source' ecosystem is healthy and
strong. Being a fast and powerful language
Java is being used in:
 Real-time Systems
 Simulation and Modeling
 object oriented Databases
 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
 CIM/CAD/CAM Systems
 Neural Networks and Parallel Programming

13. Java Applets
 An applet is a special kind of Java program that is
designed to be transmitted over the Internet and
automatically executed by a Java-compatible web
browser
 They are typically used to display data provided
by the server, handle user input, or provide
simple functions, such as a loan calculator, that
execute locally, rather than on the server

14. Editing, Compiling and
interpreting
class First
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello Java");
System.out.println("My First Java Program");
}
}
Compile and Execute Java Code
To compile: javac First.java
To execute: java First
Output
Hello Java