The document discusses the executive powers of the President of India and the structure of the Union Government. It provides details on: 1. The President has judicial powers to appoint Supreme Court and High Court judges, grant pardons or commute sentences, and change or postpone death sentences. 2. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and state legislative assemblies. 3. The nominal executive is the ceremonial head of state while the real executive holds actual power and authority to make important decisions for the country. 4. The President can be removed through impeachment by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament for violating the Constitution.

1. CHAPTER= 19:- The UnionGovernment:The Executive
PART D:-
D1= Explainthe judicial powersof the Presidentof India.
Ans:- (1) all the judgesof supreme courtandhighcourts includingtheirchief justice appointedby
president
(2) Anappeal formercy the presidenthasthe powertoreduce the sentence orgrandthe pardon
amnesty
(3) the presidentcanchange the deathsentence orcan postpone italso.
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D2= Explainthe processof electingthe presidentof India.
Ans:- (1) Presidentof Indiaiselectedindirectlybyanelectoral collegeconsistingof onlythe elected
membersof loksabha,rajyasabha, andlegislative assemblyof the states.
(2) Nominatedmembersof anyhouse donot participate inthe electionof president.
(3) Thiselectionisheldinaccordance withthe single transferable vote systemof proportional
representation
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D3= Difference betweenthe real andthe nominal executiveof India.
Ans:- 1. Nominal executive isapersonwhoheadsthe executive branchbutdoesnothave the powerto
execute majorandimportantdecisions.
2. Real executive isa leaderwhoholdsreal powerandmakesimportantdecisionsforthe country.
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D4= howcan the Presidentof Indiabe removedandonwhatgrounds?Explain.
Ans:- The processto remove the Presidentiscalledimpeachment.If
a Presidentviolatesthe Constitution,she/hecanbe removedfromdonot workaccordingoffice bya
resolutionof impeachment,whichispassedbyboththe
Housesof Parliamentbynotlessthantwo-thirdmajorityof the total membership.
D5:- Describe the powersandfunctionsof the vice presidentof India

2. Ans:- POWERS & FUNCTIONSOF VICE PRESIDENT:-
1. The vice presidentactsas presidentinthe absence of the presidentdue todeath,resignation,
impeachment,orothersituations
2. The vice presidentof Indiaisalsoex officiochairpersonof the RajyaSabha.Whena bill isintroduced
inRajya Sabha,the vice presidentdecideswhetheritisa financial bill ornot.
PART E:-
E1 = Howis the unioncouncil of ministerappointed?Explainitsmainfunctions.
Ans:- The Prime Ministerisappointedbythe President.All otherministersare appointedbythe
Presidentuponthe advice of the Prime Minister. The ministersholdoffice duringthe pleasure of the
President. The Council of Ministersiscollectivelyresponsible tothe House of the People (LokSabha).
Functionsof council ofministers:-
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The council takesall executivedecisions,throughitsdecisionsare takeninthe president'sname.
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ministers introducedbillsconcerningtheirrespective departmentsinParliament
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The council prepare the unionbudgeteveryyear.
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The council givesthe effecttoLawsof the Parliament.
E2= List anyfive powersandfunctionof the prime ministerof India.
Ans:- FUNCTIONOF THE PRIME MINISTER :-
To form Council of Ministers.
To preside overthe meetingsof the Cabinetaswell asCouncil of Ministers.tocoordinate the workingof
variousdepartments.
To advise the Presidenttosummonorprorogue the sessionorto dissolve the LokSabha
before itstermexpires.
To advise the Presidentaboutimportantappointmentslikethatof Chairmanof UPSC, Auditor
General of India,Ambassadors,etc.
To act as a linkbetweenthe Presidentandthe Cabinet.
E3:- Describe the legislativeandfinancial powerof the presidentof India.

3. Ans:- LEGISLATIVE POWER :-
1. The presidentisanintegral partof Indianparliament.
2. The presidentcansummon,prorogue andaddressthe twohousesof the parliament.
3. Every year,the firstsessionof the parliamentbeginswiththe president'saddress.
4. No bill passedbyboththe housesof parliamentbecause alaw withoutthe president'sconsent.
FINANCIALPOWER :-
1. The annual budgetof the country ispresentedinthe parliamentinthe name of the President.
2. All the moneybillsrequirethe president'sapproval beforetheyare introducedinloksabha.
3. The presidenthasthe powertoappointmembersof the finance commission.
4. In case a certainextraordinarysituations arise the presidentcan sanctionmoneytothe government
photoof the contingencytomeetthe situation.
E4= Explainthe three situationsunderwhichthe Presidentof Indiacanproclaimemergency.
1. NATIONALEMERGENCY :- if the securityof the country isthreatenedbywaror external aggressions
or internal armedrebellionthe presidentcandeclare astate of emergencyforthe whole country.
2. Breakdown of constitutional machineryin a state :- if the governmentof astate is notbeingrunin
accordance withthe constitutionthe presidentcandeclare emergencyinthe state.Itisalso calledthe
impositionof president'srule inastate.
3. Financial emergency:- whenthe financial stabilityof acountry isthreatenedthe presidentcan
declare a state of financial emergency.The emergencypowersof the Presidentare notabsolute.The
presidentcandeclare astate of emergencyonlyonthe writtenadvice of the council of minister.
E5= explainfollowingterms:-
1. Coalitiongovernment. 2. Impeachment.
3. Collective responsibility. 4. Parliamentary form of Government
5. Electoral college
Ans:- 1. Coalitiongovernment:- A coalitiongovernmentisaformof governmentin whichpolitical
partiescooperate toforma government.
2. Impeachment:- the processto remove the presidentiscalledimpeachment.If aPresidentitviolates
the constitution,the presidentcanbe removedfromoffice byarrowsresolutionof impeachmentwhich
ispassedby boththe housesof parliamentbynotlessthantwo thirdmajorityof the total membership.

4. 3. Collective responsibility:- Cabinetcollectiveresponsibility,alsoknownascollective ministerial
responsibility,isaconstitutionalconventioninParliamentarysystemsthatmembersof the cabinetmust
publiclysupportall governmental decisionsmade inCabinet,evenif theydonotprivatelyagree with
them.
4. PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT:- Cabinetorparliamentaryformof governmentisthatin
which;• Legislature andexecutive are closelyrelatedandshare powerswitheachother....There are
twoexecutivesi.e.the electedpresidentorkingandthe Prime Minister.Presidentrepresentsstate and
Prime Ministerrepresentsgovernment.
5. ELECTORAL COLLEGE:- Electoral Collegeconsistingof onlythe electedmbersof (a) LokSabha(b)
RajyaSabha and (c) Legislative Assembliesof the States