Chapter 17
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The document defines key vocabulary terms from three sections of a civics and economics chapter on communication technologies and intellectual property. Section one defines the internet, world wide web, website, archives, and newsgroups. Section two defines authoritarian, dissident, extremist, and propaganda. Section three defines intellectual property, copyright, and revenue.
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Chapter 14
This document provides vocabulary terms and definitions related to civics and economics. It defines a county as a territory within a state, and a country seat as the center of county government. Ordinances are defined as local laws, while incorporating declares a region a municipality with a charter. A charter establishes the basic rules of municipal government. Home rule allows local governments to amend laws, while at-large elections allow voters to vote for all members of a board. Public policy refers to rules and guidelines, and a special district is a section of government focused on a specific function. A balanced budget means a state's expenditures equal its budget.
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Chapter 20
This document contains vocabulary terms from a civics and economics textbook organized into four sections: consumers and shopping, budgeting and personal finance, saving and investing, and spending habits. Key terms defined include consumer, disposable income, discretionary income, consumerism, comparison shopping, warranty, budget, income, expense, credit, annual percentage rate, collateral, bankruptcy, saving, interest, principal, return, stock, dividend, bond, mutual fund, and impulse buying. Each term is accompanied by a prompt to identify similarities and differences, though no responses are provided.
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Technology has significantly impacted the art field in many ways. It has introduced new mediums like digital art and expanded traditional mediums by making techniques like adding textures possible. While some view digital and traditional art as different, the artistic process is similar - beginning with an idea and using a chosen medium to convey it. Technology allows for mixing of mediums and has advanced fields like graphic design, movies, tattoos and art restoration. Rather than taking away from art, technology has created new possibilities and expanded the art field.
Chapter 24
This document outlines key terms from three sections of a civics and economics vocabulary chapter. Section one defines coins, currency, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions. Section two explains the central bank (Federal Reserve System), Federal Open Market Committee, monetary policy, discount rate, reserve requirements, and open market operations. Section three describes checking accounts, savings accounts, and certificates of deposit. Each term is accompanied by a prompt for identifying similarities and differences to other terms.
Chapter 22
This document defines key vocabulary terms from three chapters on civics and economics. It describes different types of business ownership structures like sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It also defines terms related to labor unions like collective bargaining, mediation, arbitration, and strikes. Finally, it covers concepts like transparency, discrimination, and social responsibility as they relate to businesses and the workplace.
Recommended
Chapter 14
This document provides vocabulary terms and definitions related to civics and economics. It defines a county as a territory within a state, and a country seat as the center of county government. Ordinances are defined as local laws, while incorporating declares a region a municipality with a charter. A charter establishes the basic rules of municipal government. Home rule allows local governments to amend laws, while at-large elections allow voters to vote for all members of a board. Public policy refers to rules and guidelines, and a special district is a section of government focused on a specific function. A balanced budget means a state's expenditures equal its budget.
Ce 12
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Chapter 21
This document defines key terms from chapters 21-22 of a civics and economics textbook. It includes definitions for demand, the law of demand, supply, the law of supply, equilibrium price, surplus, shortage, price ceilings, price floors, and minimum wage. All of the terms relate to economic concepts involving the relationship between price and quantity demanded or supplied in a market.
Ce 13
The document discusses changes to the DSM-5 guidelines for diagnosing bipolar disorder in children. It notes that many children are now being diagnosed with mental disorders at a young age in hopes of managing symptoms before they become problematic, as this may help reduce violent outbursts later in life. The article focuses on the issue of taking mental health more seriously, as mental illness appears to be a factor in many acts of violence. It examines how perceptions of mental illness as taboo need to change, as mental health conditions can be as serious as physical illnesses.
Chapter 20
This document contains vocabulary terms from a civics and economics textbook organized into four sections: consumers and shopping, budgeting and personal finance, saving and investing, and spending habits. Key terms defined include consumer, disposable income, discretionary income, consumerism, comparison shopping, warranty, budget, income, expense, credit, annual percentage rate, collateral, bankruptcy, saving, interest, principal, return, stock, dividend, bond, mutual fund, and impulse buying. Each term is accompanied by a prompt to identify similarities and differences, though no responses are provided.
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Chapter 24
This document outlines key terms from three sections of a civics and economics vocabulary chapter. Section one defines coins, currency, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions. Section two explains the central bank (Federal Reserve System), Federal Open Market Committee, monetary policy, discount rate, reserve requirements, and open market operations. Section three describes checking accounts, savings accounts, and certificates of deposit. Each term is accompanied by a prompt for identifying similarities and differences to other terms.
Chapter 22
This document defines key vocabulary terms from three chapters on civics and economics. It describes different types of business ownership structures like sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It also defines terms related to labor unions like collective bargaining, mediation, arbitration, and strikes. Finally, it covers concepts like transparency, discrimination, and social responsibility as they relate to businesses and the workplace.
Chapter 11
The document defines key terms related to civics and economics from three chapters. It provides definitions for terms like public opinion, mass media, interest groups, print media, electronic media, public interest groups, lobbyists, and more. Each term is defined in a single sentence and may note similarities or differences to other terms. The document aims to concisely outline important vocabulary for understanding civics and government.
Chapter 16 – Legal Controls
This document discusses various legal controls on media in the United States, including the First Amendment right to free speech and freedom of the press. It outlines different models of press expression, such as the authoritarian, communist, and fourth estate models. It also discusses forms of unprotected speech like sedition, copyright infringement, libel, and obscenity. The document concludes with brief explanations of copyright law and net neutrality principles.
The Digital Emergence of the Public/Private Authority
My presentation at the 2009 Computers and Writing Conference at UC Davis. This presentation redefines Web 2.0 as Web 3.14 and utilizes this model to create a bridge that aids in the further examination of the emerging private authority.
Saylor URL httpwww.saylor.orgbooks Saylor.org 1 .docx
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
1
This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without
attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
http://www.saylor.org/books
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
2
Preface
Our goal is to provide students with a textbook that is up to date and comprehensive in its coverage of
legal and regulatory issues—and organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their particular
approach. This book engages students by relating law to everyday events with which they are already
familiar (or with which they are familiarizing themselves in other business courses) and by its clear,
concise, and readable style. (An earlier business law text by authors Lieberman and Siedel was hailed “the
best written text in a very crowded field.”)
This textbook provides context and essential concepts across the entire range of legal issues with which
managers and business executives must grapple. The text provides the vocabulary and legal acumen
necessary for businesspeople to talk in an educated way to their customers, employees, suppliers,
government officials—and to their own lawyers.
Traditional publishers often create confusion among customers in the text selection process by offering a
huge array of publications. Once a text is selected, customers might still have to customize the text to meet
their needs. For example, publishers usually offer books that include either case summaries or excerpted
cases, but some instructors prefer to combine case summaries with a few excerpted cases so that students
can experience reading original material. Likewise, the manner in which most conventional texts
incorporate video is cumbersome because the videos are contained in a separate library, which makes
access more complicating for instructors and students.
This model eliminates the need for “families” of books (such as the ten Miller texts mentioned below) and
greatly simplifies text selection. Instructors have only to select between our Business Law and Legal
Environment volumes of the text and then click on the features they want (as opposed to trying to
compare the large number of texts and packages offered by other publishers). In addition to the features
inherent in any publication, this book offers these unique features:
• Cases are available in excerpted and summarized format, thus enabling instructors to easily “mix and
match” excerpted cases with case summaries.
• Links to forms and uniform laws are embedded in the text. For example, the chapters on contract law
incorporate discussion of various sections of the Uniform Commercial Code, which is available
at http://www.law.
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Degenerating public discourse
This document summarizes and critiques the current public debate around free speech, which has become polarized between defenders of unfettered free speech and promoters of civility. The author argues that the debate has lost sight of the important ideal of positive free speech as meaningful civic participation. While powerful institutions setting speech rules is problematic, civility, respect and inclusion are essential for rational discourse. The public debate also wrongly focuses only on rules rather than whether open debate and consideration of diverse views actually occurs.
Chapter 23
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Chapter 19
The document defines key terms from chapters 19 and 10 of a civics and economics textbook, including goods, services, factors of production, natural resources, labor, capital, entrepreneur, GDP, standard of living, market, factor market, product market, productivity, specialization, division of labor, economic interdependence, capitalism, free enterprise, consumer sovereignty, private property rights, competition, profit, profit motive, voluntary exchange, and laissez-faire economics. Each term is given with a statement on similarity and difference but no further explanation.
Chapter 18
This document defines key terms from chapters 18, sections 1 and 2 of an economics textbook. In section 1, it defines needs as things required for survival, wants as things we would like to have, economics as the study of how we make decisions with limited resources, microeconomics as looking at small economic pictures, and macroeconomics as looking at the big economic picture. It also defines economic models, economic systems, resources, and scarcity. Section 2 defines trade-offs as alternatives when choosing one thing over another, opportunity cost as the cost of the next best alternative, marginal cost as the additional cost of one more unit of output, marginal benefit as the additional satisfaction from one more unit, and cost-benefit analysis as
Chapter 16
This document outlines key civics and economics vocabulary terms related to the legal system, organized into three sections. Section one defines terms related to civil cases like complaints, summons, discovery, and settlements. Section two covers terms involved in criminal cases such as prosecution, crimes, penal codes, parole, and sentencing. Section three discusses juvenile-related terms including juveniles, juvenile delinquents, and rehabilitating minors.
Chapter 15
This document defines key terms related to civics, economics, and law. It covers topics such as common law, statutes, plaintiffs, defendants, felonies, misdemeanors, and different types of crimes. Constitutional law principles are also discussed, including stare decisis, writ of habeas corpus, and due process. The legal system and criminal procedures are outlined, mentioning search warrants, double jeopardy, grand juries, plea bargaining, and bail.
Chapter 13
Statutes are laws that apply within a single state rather than federal law, while the census regularly counts the population to gather demographic statistics. When a criminal sentence is commuted, it is reduced from the maximum possible, and parole allows for the early release of prisoners, similar to a commuted sentence. Civil cases concern private disputes, misdemeanors are less serious crimes than felonies, and defendants are those accused of crimes in court, unlike plaintiffs.
Chapter 12
This document defines civics and economics vocabulary terms from chapters 12 of a textbook. It provides definitions and examples for terms related to forms of government like unicameral, bicameral, and federal system. It also defines concepts from the US Constitution like preamble, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, and amend. Additional terms defined include suffrage, segregation, civil rights, and boycotts.
Politic parties e qs
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Chapter 6
The US Congress is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 representatives who are at least 25 years old, live in their state, and have been citizens for at least 7 years. The Senate has 100 senators, with 2 from each state, who are at least 30 years old, live in their state, and have been citizens for at least 9 years. Bills can be proposed by members of either chamber and must pass through committees and debates in both the House and Senate before being sent to the President to sign into law or veto. The President can also veto bills passed by Congress.
Elections eq
The document discusses various aspects of voting and elections in the United States. It outlines the qualifications to vote, methods of voting such as absentee ballots or straight ticket voting, and the process of registering and voting. It also describes the different types of voting machines used to count ballots and how issues with older machines have impacted elections. Finally, it discusses the electoral college process for electing the president and methods candidates and political groups use to influence elections, such as fundraising, endorsements, and advertising.
Judicial e qs
The document discusses the US judicial system and Supreme Court. It explains that Supreme Court justices and federal judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate, serving lifetime terms. It outlines the federal court system's original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdictions. Examples are provided of how the courts have used their jurisdiction in cases involving the Constitution, federal laws, disputes between citizens of different states, and treaties. The duties of US magistrates, attorneys, and marshals are defined. Majority, dissenting, and concurring appellate decisions are described. An example case reaching the Supreme Court via lower courts is analyzed. Influences on Supreme Court decisions are said to include the Constitution.
Executive branch e qs
The document lists and describes various offices within the White House and executive branch of the US government. It discusses the President's cabinet and its responsibilities, as well as different types of federal agencies such as executive agencies, regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations. The document also examines the development of the US Civil Service System and provides details on specific executive agencies, regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations; outlining their roles and responsibilities.
Legal rights eq
Laws provide structure and a justice system. In the US, laws must be constitutional and go through the legislative process. Criminal law involves crimes against the state's laws and can progress through five court levels, while civil law involves disputes between parties and progresses through three court levels. Other types of US law include constitutional law which involves the three branches of government, statutory law based on statutes, and administrative law governing government agencies. Those accused have rights like protection from unwarranted search/seizure and the right to counsel which are guaranteed by amendments like the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th. Criminal cases progress through local, district, superior, appeals and supreme courts, while civil cases involve divorce, small
Law notes
Jurisprudence is the study of law. Civil law covers disagreements between parties regarding liability for negligence or wrongful acts that infringe on rights. Civil disputes are settled in courts like district, superior, or divorce court and require a majority vote for a guilty sentence. Criminal law involves committing a crime according to penal codes and punishments. Criminal cases are handled in local, district, superior, appeals, and supreme courts and require unanimous agreement among all twelve jurors to convict someone of a crime. Compensatory damages cover actual financial losses while punitive damages involve pain and suffering.
Judicial notes
The Judicial Branch document outlines the structure and jurisdiction of the US federal court system. It notes that the Judicial Branch was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and is responsible for the federal courts, including the Supreme Court with 1 court and 12 US Courts of Appeal. It has jurisdiction over federal crimes, disputes between states, and cases involving citizens from different states or ambassadors. Important cases discussed include Tinker v. Des Moines on free speech, Texas v. Johnson on flag burning, and Gideon v. Wainwright establishing the right to counsel. Court opinions can be majority, dissenting, or concurring.
Supreme court project
- Marbury vs Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws made by legislatures unconstitutional.
- Engel vs Vitale (1961) ruled that requiring prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
- Roe vs Wade (1973) established a woman's right to abortion under the right to privacy, though this right is not absolute and subject to regulation after the first trimester.
More Related Content
Similar to Chapter 17
Chapter 11
The document defines key terms related to civics and economics from three chapters. It provides definitions for terms like public opinion, mass media, interest groups, print media, electronic media, public interest groups, lobbyists, and more. Each term is defined in a single sentence and may note similarities or differences to other terms. The document aims to concisely outline important vocabulary for understanding civics and government.
Chapter 16 – Legal Controls
This document discusses various legal controls on media in the United States, including the First Amendment right to free speech and freedom of the press. It outlines different models of press expression, such as the authoritarian, communist, and fourth estate models. It also discusses forms of unprotected speech like sedition, copyright infringement, libel, and obscenity. The document concludes with brief explanations of copyright law and net neutrality principles.
The Digital Emergence of the Public/Private Authority
My presentation at the 2009 Computers and Writing Conference at UC Davis. This presentation redefines Web 2.0 as Web 3.14 and utilizes this model to create a bridge that aids in the further examination of the emerging private authority.
Saylor URL httpwww.saylor.orgbooks Saylor.org 1 .docx
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
1
This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without
attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
http://www.saylor.org/books
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
2
Preface
Our goal is to provide students with a textbook that is up to date and comprehensive in its coverage of
legal and regulatory issues—and organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their particular
approach. This book engages students by relating law to everyday events with which they are already
familiar (or with which they are familiarizing themselves in other business courses) and by its clear,
concise, and readable style. (An earlier business law text by authors Lieberman and Siedel was hailed “the
best written text in a very crowded field.”)
This textbook provides context and essential concepts across the entire range of legal issues with which
managers and business executives must grapple. The text provides the vocabulary and legal acumen
necessary for businesspeople to talk in an educated way to their customers, employees, suppliers,
government officials—and to their own lawyers.
Traditional publishers often create confusion among customers in the text selection process by offering a
huge array of publications. Once a text is selected, customers might still have to customize the text to meet
their needs. For example, publishers usually offer books that include either case summaries or excerpted
cases, but some instructors prefer to combine case summaries with a few excerpted cases so that students
can experience reading original material. Likewise, the manner in which most conventional texts
incorporate video is cumbersome because the videos are contained in a separate library, which makes
access more complicating for instructors and students.
This model eliminates the need for “families” of books (such as the ten Miller texts mentioned below) and
greatly simplifies text selection. Instructors have only to select between our Business Law and Legal
Environment volumes of the text and then click on the features they want (as opposed to trying to
compare the large number of texts and packages offered by other publishers). In addition to the features
inherent in any publication, this book offers these unique features:
• Cases are available in excerpted and summarized format, thus enabling instructors to easily “mix and
match” excerpted cases with case summaries.
• Links to forms and uniform laws are embedded in the text. For example, the chapters on contract law
incorporate discussion of various sections of the Uniform Commercial Code, which is available
at http://www.law.
RESARCH ARTICLE.docx
This document discusses the role of political social networks in facilitating protests and civic engagement. It notes that social networks allow rapid organization of large groups, help publicize issues like police brutality, and increase transparency of politicians. However, some governments try to restrict social media access during protests to limit organization. Overall, political social networks are seen as important tools for democratic participation and mobilizing support for issues.
Degenerating public discourse
This document summarizes and critiques the current public debate around free speech, which has become polarized between defenders of unfettered free speech and promoters of civility. The author argues that the debate has lost sight of the important ideal of positive free speech as meaningful civic participation. While powerful institutions setting speech rules is problematic, civility, respect and inclusion are essential for rational discourse. The public debate also wrongly focuses only on rules rather than whether open debate and consideration of diverse views actually occurs.
Similar to Chapter 17 (6)
The Digital Emergence of the Public/Private Authority
The Digital Emergence of the Public/Private Authority
Saylor URL httpwww.saylor.orgbooks Saylor.org 1 .docx
Saylor URL httpwww.saylor.orgbooks Saylor.org 1 .docx
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Chapter 23
The document defines key economic vocabulary terms across three sections. Section one covers private and public goods, externalities, monopolies, antitrust laws, mergers, and natural monopolies. Section two defines real GDP, business cycles, the civilian labor force, unemployment rate, fiscal and monetary policy, and inflation. Section three discusses government assistance programs like food stamps, WIC, workfare, progressive income taxes, and the earned income tax credit.
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The document defines key terms from chapters 19 and 10 of a civics and economics textbook, including goods, services, factors of production, natural resources, labor, capital, entrepreneur, GDP, standard of living, market, factor market, product market, productivity, specialization, division of labor, economic interdependence, capitalism, free enterprise, consumer sovereignty, private property rights, competition, profit, profit motive, voluntary exchange, and laissez-faire economics. Each term is given with a statement on similarity and difference but no further explanation.
Chapter 18
This document defines key terms from chapters 18, sections 1 and 2 of an economics textbook. In section 1, it defines needs as things required for survival, wants as things we would like to have, economics as the study of how we make decisions with limited resources, microeconomics as looking at small economic pictures, and macroeconomics as looking at the big economic picture. It also defines economic models, economic systems, resources, and scarcity. Section 2 defines trade-offs as alternatives when choosing one thing over another, opportunity cost as the cost of the next best alternative, marginal cost as the additional cost of one more unit of output, marginal benefit as the additional satisfaction from one more unit, and cost-benefit analysis as
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This document outlines key civics and economics vocabulary terms related to the legal system, organized into three sections. Section one defines terms related to civil cases like complaints, summons, discovery, and settlements. Section two covers terms involved in criminal cases such as prosecution, crimes, penal codes, parole, and sentencing. Section three discusses juvenile-related terms including juveniles, juvenile delinquents, and rehabilitating minors.
Chapter 15
This document defines key terms related to civics, economics, and law. It covers topics such as common law, statutes, plaintiffs, defendants, felonies, misdemeanors, and different types of crimes. Constitutional law principles are also discussed, including stare decisis, writ of habeas corpus, and due process. The legal system and criminal procedures are outlined, mentioning search warrants, double jeopardy, grand juries, plea bargaining, and bail.
Chapter 13
Statutes are laws that apply within a single state rather than federal law, while the census regularly counts the population to gather demographic statistics. When a criminal sentence is commuted, it is reduced from the maximum possible, and parole allows for the early release of prisoners, similar to a commuted sentence. Civil cases concern private disputes, misdemeanors are less serious crimes than felonies, and defendants are those accused of crimes in court, unlike plaintiffs.
Chapter 12
This document defines civics and economics vocabulary terms from chapters 12 of a textbook. It provides definitions and examples for terms related to forms of government like unicameral, bicameral, and federal system. It also defines concepts from the US Constitution like preamble, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, and amend. Additional terms defined include suffrage, segregation, civil rights, and boycotts.
Politic parties e qs
The document discusses the history and development of the two-party system in the United States. It traces the rise of the current Democratic and Republican parties from early divisions between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Third parties like the Libertarian and Green parties currently play a minor role in the system. Different countries have various party systems, ranging from dominant, non-partisan, and single-party, to two-party and multi-party systems. The Democrats and Republicans differ in their policy platforms, with Democrats generally more liberal and Republicans more conservative. Political parties are organized at the national, state, and local levels through elections. Political machines and corruption, like Tammany Hall, have led to reforms checking party power. Candidates
Chapter 6
The US Congress is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 representatives who are at least 25 years old, live in their state, and have been citizens for at least 7 years. The Senate has 100 senators, with 2 from each state, who are at least 30 years old, live in their state, and have been citizens for at least 9 years. Bills can be proposed by members of either chamber and must pass through committees and debates in both the House and Senate before being sent to the President to sign into law or veto. The President can also veto bills passed by Congress.
Elections eq
The document discusses various aspects of voting and elections in the United States. It outlines the qualifications to vote, methods of voting such as absentee ballots or straight ticket voting, and the process of registering and voting. It also describes the different types of voting machines used to count ballots and how issues with older machines have impacted elections. Finally, it discusses the electoral college process for electing the president and methods candidates and political groups use to influence elections, such as fundraising, endorsements, and advertising.
Judicial e qs
The document discusses the US judicial system and Supreme Court. It explains that Supreme Court justices and federal judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate, serving lifetime terms. It outlines the federal court system's original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdictions. Examples are provided of how the courts have used their jurisdiction in cases involving the Constitution, federal laws, disputes between citizens of different states, and treaties. The duties of US magistrates, attorneys, and marshals are defined. Majority, dissenting, and concurring appellate decisions are described. An example case reaching the Supreme Court via lower courts is analyzed. Influences on Supreme Court decisions are said to include the Constitution.
Executive branch e qs
The document lists and describes various offices within the White House and executive branch of the US government. It discusses the President's cabinet and its responsibilities, as well as different types of federal agencies such as executive agencies, regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations. The document also examines the development of the US Civil Service System and provides details on specific executive agencies, regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations; outlining their roles and responsibilities.
Legal rights eq
Laws provide structure and a justice system. In the US, laws must be constitutional and go through the legislative process. Criminal law involves crimes against the state's laws and can progress through five court levels, while civil law involves disputes between parties and progresses through three court levels. Other types of US law include constitutional law which involves the three branches of government, statutory law based on statutes, and administrative law governing government agencies. Those accused have rights like protection from unwarranted search/seizure and the right to counsel which are guaranteed by amendments like the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th. Criminal cases progress through local, district, superior, appeals and supreme courts, while civil cases involve divorce, small
Law notes
Jurisprudence is the study of law. Civil law covers disagreements between parties regarding liability for negligence or wrongful acts that infringe on rights. Civil disputes are settled in courts like district, superior, or divorce court and require a majority vote for a guilty sentence. Criminal law involves committing a crime according to penal codes and punishments. Criminal cases are handled in local, district, superior, appeals, and supreme courts and require unanimous agreement among all twelve jurors to convict someone of a crime. Compensatory damages cover actual financial losses while punitive damages involve pain and suffering.
Judicial notes
The Judicial Branch document outlines the structure and jurisdiction of the US federal court system. It notes that the Judicial Branch was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and is responsible for the federal courts, including the Supreme Court with 1 court and 12 US Courts of Appeal. It has jurisdiction over federal crimes, disputes between states, and cases involving citizens from different states or ambassadors. Important cases discussed include Tinker v. Des Moines on free speech, Texas v. Johnson on flag burning, and Gideon v. Wainwright establishing the right to counsel. Court opinions can be majority, dissenting, or concurring.
Supreme court project
- Marbury vs Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws made by legislatures unconstitutional.
- Engel vs Vitale (1961) ruled that requiring prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
- Roe vs Wade (1973) established a woman's right to abortion under the right to privacy, though this right is not absolute and subject to regulation after the first trimester.
Bill project
A bill proposing to lower the drinking age from 21 to 18 would go through the following process:
1. A member of Congress would propose the bill, which could begin in either the House or Senate.
2. The bill would be assigned to a committee for review. It would then go to a floor debate, controlled by the chamber's presiding officer.
3. If passed, the bill would then go to the other chamber and repeat the committee and floor debate process.
4. If passed by both the House and Senate, the bill would go to the President. If signed, it would become law. The President could also veto the bill, sending it back for possible override.
Outline
Although many believe technology detracts from art, this document argues that technology has expanded the art field by introducing new mediums like digital art and mixed mediums that combine traditional and digital techniques. Technology reduces clutter and labor while making contributions to graphic design, printing, tattooing, authentication, restoration, and filmmaking by bringing art to life through animation and CGI.
Sign language research paper
American Sign Language (ASL) developed as a language for deaf individuals to communicate. However, the introduction of cochlear implants threatens the future of ASL and deaf culture. The document discusses the history and development of ASL, how it allows deaf individuals to communicate through gestures and facial expressions. It also examines the controversy around cochlear implants, with some seeing them as a medical solution while others in the deaf community view them as a threat to the preservation of ASL and deaf identity.
Resume
This document provides a summary of Tara Pawlyk's work experience and education. She has worked as a social media manager, real estate assistant, freelance graphic designer, and is currently training for a new job. She will graduate from Mooresville Senior High in 2013 and plans to attend the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in the fall. In her free time, she has tutored elementary students, volunteered as a summer school teacher's assistant, and was involved with her high school's Habitat for Humanity club and archery.
More from tp3115 (20)
Chapter 17
- 1. Civics and Economics Vocabulary Chapter 17 - Section One Internet- allow people to communicate and collaborate across borders Similarity/Difference: Sentence: World Wide Web- allow people to communicate and collaborate across borders Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Web Site- “pages” on the World Wide Web that contain text, images, audio, and video Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Archives- files of older stories Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Nonpartisan- free from political party ties or bias Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Newsgroup- Internet discussion forums Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Chapter 17 - Section Two Authoritarian- a government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Dissident- includes people who disagree with the established political or religious system Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Extremist- those whose ideas are the farthest from the political center Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Propaganda- the spreading and promoting of certain ideas and may involve misleading messages designed to manipulate people Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Tara Pawlyk Friday, May 17, 2013 8:18:54 AM ET 04:0c:ce:d3:10:88
- 2. Chapter 17 - Section Three Intellectual Property- things that people create, such as songs, movies, books, poetry, art, and software Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Copyright- the ownerʼs exclusive right to control, publish, and sell an original work Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Revenue- the income that a government or business collects Similarity/Difference: Sentence: Tara Pawlyk Friday, May 17, 2013 8:18:54 AM ET 04:0c:ce:d3:10:88