Platform and balloon framing are different wood framing techniques. Platform framing uses a sill plate and vertical studs from the foundation to the roof, while balloon framing uses a single long stud from foundation to roof. The document discusses selecting appropriate floor joists or trusses based on span data and determining proper sizes. It also covers subflooring components, cantilevered joists, and engineered wood products like parallel strand lumber, laminated veneer lumber, and glulam beams that are suitable for various residential construction applications. Post-and-beam construction uses vertical posts and horizontal beams.