This document discusses four approaches to interpreting chapters 11-13 of the book of Revelation: historicist, preterist, futurist, and spiritual. For each approach, it provides brief explanations of the interpretations of key elements of the text, such as the two witnesses, the 1260 days, and the beasts. It also includes summaries of the content of chapter 11, focusing on the measuring of the temple, the two witnesses, the sounding of the seventh trumpet, and the opening of God's temple in heaven.
True Christian doctrine comes from the words of Christ. Jesus spoke of the future. Look carefully at the events of history after Jesus ascended. And compare to what John wrote in Revelation.
Dr. John Oakes preached a sermon from the Book of Luke 4/19/15 in San Diego. The lesson focuses on how Jesus valued things that the world thinks are of little value and how he taught that the things the world values greatly are of no value in the Kingdom. It focuses principally on the Sermon on the Plain in Luke 6.
True Christian doctrine comes from the words of Christ. Jesus spoke of the future. Look carefully at the events of history after Jesus ascended. And compare to what John wrote in Revelation.
Dr. John Oakes preached a sermon from the Book of Luke 4/19/15 in San Diego. The lesson focuses on how Jesus valued things that the world thinks are of little value and how he taught that the things the world values greatly are of no value in the Kingdom. It focuses principally on the Sermon on the Plain in Luke 6.
The prophecy about the nuclear attack from Israel to iran and the rapture. Document written by the prophet of the Lord Dr. David Owuor, who God Himself has named as "His Fourth Prophet" in a vision in October 2003 where the three prophets Daniel, Moses and Elijah were present.
Powerful teaching on the bitter waters that were healed when Moses drop a piece of wood into the waters. The healing of the church by the Cross of Christ.
Michael Burns gave a presentation on The Resurrection World View at the 2015 ICEC at York College in York, Nebraska June 19 and 20, 2015. The class included a historical analysis of the concept of resurrection, an in-depth analysis of the evidence for the resurrection, but also emphasized the implications, both personally and for the entire human condition which comes with the resurrection of Jesus. The power point is attached. The audio for this and for all the classes from the 2015 ICEC will be available within a week at www.ipibooks.com
Dr. John Oakes did a presentation on the resurrection for the Berlin Church of Christ 7/19/2012. His power point and notes were updated and are attached here:
An analysis of the Graeco-Roman historical and cultural background of the Christian Gospel. The restructuring of the Roman Empire by Augustus and the reign of Herod the Great are examined as the context of the coming of Christ.
Dr. John Oakes did a presentation at Kings College, London 6/12/14 on evidence that Jesus is who the Bible says he is. This is not brand new material, but it is the first time this combination of material about who Jesus is, about his miracles and his fulfillment of prophecy in one class, so I though I would post it.
The attached power point is for a lesson given by Dr. Douglas Jacoby at the 2012 ICEC at UCLA October 20, 2012. Doug taught about the biblical doctrine of heaven, Hades and hell. He also presented a number of the important views on this subject in Judaism and in the early church, as well as reflecting on some of the views held today on this important topic.
The prophecy about the nuclear attack from Israel to iran and the rapture. Document written by the prophet of the Lord Dr. David Owuor, who God Himself has named as "His Fourth Prophet" in a vision in October 2003 where the three prophets Daniel, Moses and Elijah were present.
Powerful teaching on the bitter waters that were healed when Moses drop a piece of wood into the waters. The healing of the church by the Cross of Christ.
Michael Burns gave a presentation on The Resurrection World View at the 2015 ICEC at York College in York, Nebraska June 19 and 20, 2015. The class included a historical analysis of the concept of resurrection, an in-depth analysis of the evidence for the resurrection, but also emphasized the implications, both personally and for the entire human condition which comes with the resurrection of Jesus. The power point is attached. The audio for this and for all the classes from the 2015 ICEC will be available within a week at www.ipibooks.com
Dr. John Oakes did a presentation on the resurrection for the Berlin Church of Christ 7/19/2012. His power point and notes were updated and are attached here:
An analysis of the Graeco-Roman historical and cultural background of the Christian Gospel. The restructuring of the Roman Empire by Augustus and the reign of Herod the Great are examined as the context of the coming of Christ.
Dr. John Oakes did a presentation at Kings College, London 6/12/14 on evidence that Jesus is who the Bible says he is. This is not brand new material, but it is the first time this combination of material about who Jesus is, about his miracles and his fulfillment of prophecy in one class, so I though I would post it.
The attached power point is for a lesson given by Dr. Douglas Jacoby at the 2012 ICEC at UCLA October 20, 2012. Doug taught about the biblical doctrine of heaven, Hades and hell. He also presented a number of the important views on this subject in Judaism and in the early church, as well as reflecting on some of the views held today on this important topic.
An overview of the Book of Revelations and its description of the end-time conflicts between the Kingdom of God and the global development community. A video of parts of this PowerPoint may be found at https://vimeo.com/vivgrigg/revelations
Romans Chapter 11, Replacement Theology, The olive tree, John Piper, Israel's...Valley Bible Fellowship
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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3. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Historicist Approach:
• The measuring of the temple represents
the determining of the true remnant church
in the midst of the papal church at the time
of the Reformation.
• The 1260 days is actually 1260 years,
being the duration of the power of papal
Rome.
4. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Historicist Approach:
• The two witnesses represent the Waldenses,
Albigenses, and others who resisted the
papacy in the years before the Reformation.
• The woman is the visible church persecuted
by imperial Rome prior to A. D. 313, and her
male child is the true church within her,
vindicated by the enthronement of
Constantine.
• The beasts each represent different aspects
of the papacy.
5. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Preterist Approach:
• The 1260 days is the period of the Jewish
War, of Nero’s persecution, or both.
• The two witnesses are either historic
prophetic witnesses against the Jews prior
to the downfall of Jerusalem or a
representation of the civil and religious
authority of Israel.
6. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Preterist Approach:
• The woman (Israel), gives birth to a child
(the church), which flees Jerusalem
(during the Jewish War) and is afterward
persecuted by the devil.
• The first beast is Rome (or possibly Nero,
or both), persecuting the church.
• The second beast is either the cult of
emperor worship, some zealous Roman
procurator, or false prophets in Israel.
7. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Futurist Approach:
• The 1260 days refer either to a period of
literal three and one-half years at the end
of the Tribulation or to two different
periods of that length totaling seven years.
• The two witnesses are two individual
prophets yet to appear in Jerusalem—
possibly Moses and Elijah, or Enoch and
Elijah. Alternatively, they may represent a
larger witnessing body.
8. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Futurist Approach:
• The woman (faithful Israel) will be forced
by persecution from the Antichrist to flee
into the wilderness during the Tribulation.
• The first beast is a political world-leader,
and the second beast is his religious
counterpart, who enforces universal
worship of the first beast. (Some futurists
take an approach to this section more like
that of the spiritual approach.)
9. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Spiritual Approach:
• The 1260 days symbolize the entire
church age.
• The two witnesses are the church
throughout the church age.
• The woman sustained in the wilderness
represents the same.
10. Chapters 11-13:The Four Views
Spiritual Approach:
• The first beast signifies political power that
persecutes the church at any time in
history.
• The second beast is false religion and
especially that which venerates political
power.
11. Revelation 11 ~ Measuring the Temple
1 Then I was given a reed like a measuring
rod. And the angel stood, saying, "Rise and
measure the temple of God, the altar, and
those who worship there.
For the second time John becomes an active
participant in the vision, and not merely an
observer. John actively participates in the vision a
total of seven times (cf. 1:12; 5:4; 7:14; 10:9-11;
11:1-2; 19:10; 22:8). Similar instructions are given
to Ezekiel (40-43) and Zechariah (2:4). It is usually
a prelude to restoration.
12. Which Temple is Measured?
OPTIONS
1. The Temple of Herod is still standing, that
is, before AD 70. However, John is on the
Isle of Patmos, so it is not the literal
Temple in Jerusalem that he is measuring
unless he had been spiritually transported
to that location. This option seems
unlikely.
13. Which Temple is Measured?
OPTIONS
2. The Temple is symbolic of something else
besides the Temple. Some have argued
that it symbolizes the church, which is
protected and preserved. Others take it to
represent the Jews who are still upon the
earth. However, the text includes the altar
and the worshippers in the task. This
option is not very appealing.
14. Which Temple is Measured?
OPTIONS
3. The Temple is a Temple that is yet to be
built. If, as has been the case in the vision,
John is addressing future events, then this
Temple is placed in the future and may
well be a literal Temple that is going to be
built. This position fits well with other
references to the Temple that are yet to
come.
15. Revelation 11 ~ Measuring the Temple
2 But leave out the court which is outside
the temple, and do not measure it, for it
has been given to the Gentiles. And they
will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two
months.
John was told not to measure the Court of the
Gentiles for it had been given to them to be trod
underfoot for 42 months, that is, three and a half
years.
16. Revelation 11 ~ The Outer Court
• The area not measured represents those outside
of the promise of protection that the act of
measuring represented, i.e., Gentiles.
• If the church has been raptured then the focus of
the evangelistic ministry of the 144,000 will be
other Jews. Jewish converts will be saved, but not
through the Temple, they will have to accept Jesus
as the Messiah, as their Redeemer and Savior.
Given that the focus is on the Jews during the
Tribulation Period (the time of Jacob's trouble),
there will probably not be many Gentiles come to
faith in Christ during this time.
17. Revelation 11 ~ The Two Witnesses
3 And I will give power to my two
witnesses, and they will prophesy one
thousand two hundred and sixty days,
clothed in sackcloth." 4 These are the
two olive trees and the two lampstands
standing before the God.
The “two witnesses”: 1) symbolic figures
representing the church--believing Jews and
Gentiles; 2) literal men who are witnesses upon
the earth during this time; 3) the Old and New
Testaments.
18. Revelation 11 ~ The Two Witnesses
5 And if anyone wants to harm them, fire
proceeds from their mouth and devours
their enemies. And if anyone wants to
harm them, he must be killed in this
manner. 6 These have power to shut
heaven, so that no rain falls in the days
of their prophecy; and they have power
over waters to turn them to blood, and to
strike the earth with all plagues, as often
as they desire.
19. Revelation 11 ~ The Two Witnesses
These witnesses are powerful agents of
God. Like Elijah on Mount Carmel (1 Kings
18), they have the power to use fire as a
witness that their ministry is ordained of
God, and to call a famine upon the earth
(James 5:17). The reference to the olive
trees and lampstands in verse 4 indicates
that these men are empowered by the
Holy Spirit to fulfill their ministry.
20. Revelation 11 ~ The Two Witnesses
7 Now when they finish their testimony,
the beast that ascends out of the
bottomless pit will make war against
them, overcome them, and kill them. 8
And their dead bodies will lie in the street
of the great city which spiritually is called
Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord
was crucified.
It is interesting that Jerusalem is now called
“spiritually”, Sodom and Egypt—sin and captivity.
21. Revelation 11 ~ The Two Witnesses
Notice that while Jesus descended from
heaven (from above) to earth, and then
ascended from earth to heaven, the beast
ascends from the pit (or from below) to earth.
This represents the fact that the beast is the
antithesis of Jesus.
The beast comes to make war against the
two witnesses, overcomes and kills them and
their bodies lie in the street of Jerusalem.
22. Revelation 11 ~The Two Witnesses
9 Then those from the peoples, tribes,
tongues, and nations will see their dead
bodies three-and-a-half days, and not
allow their dead bodies to be put into
graves. 10 And those who dwell on the
earth will rejoice over them, make merry,
and send gifts to one another, because
these two prophets tormented those who
dwell on the earth.
23. Revelation 11 ~The Two Witnesses
Their death results in a worldwide party as
sinful humanity rejoices over the death of
these whose words and ministry brought
judgment upon the earth. These witnesses,
like all witnesses, come with the intent of
turning the heart of humanity to God, but
they are rejected and killed and their death
is hailed as an occasion for celebration.
24. Revelation 11~ The Two Witnesses
11 Now after the three-and-a-half days
the breath of life from God entered them,
and they stood on their feet, and great
fear fell on those who saw them. 12 And
they heard a loud voice from heaven
saying to them, "Come up here." And
they ascended to heaven in a cloud, and
their enemies saw them.
25. Revelation 11~ The Two Witnesses
Hindson asks the following questions to
those who see everything as symbolic
concerning the witnesses:
If the Church is meant by “Israel,” what is meant by
“Jerusalem”? If the two witnesses symbolize the
ministry of the churches, why are they killing
people with fire out of their mouths? If the 1,260
days are not literal, what in the world do they
symbolize? If the witnesses are killed and raptured
to heaven, does that mean all true Christians will
by martyred?
26. Revelation 11 ~ The Second Woe
13 In the same hour there was a great
earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell. In
the earthquake seven thousand men
were killed, and the rest were afraid and
gave glory to the God of heaven. 14 The
second woe is past. Behold, the third
woe is coming quickly.
27. Revelation 11 ~ The Second Woe
The second “woe” is the sixth trumpet. The
two witnesses ascend into heaven and an
earthquake follows destroying a tenth of the
city (Jerusalem) and kills seven thousand
men. The remaining inhabitants of the city
are afraid and begin to give glory to the God
of heaven. What the witness of the two
martyrs did not do, the power of God in
judgment was able to do.
28. Revelation 11 ~ The Second Woe
The second “woe” is the sixth trumpet. The
two witnesses ascend into heaven and an
earthquake follows destroying a tenth of the
city (Jerusalem) and kills seven thousand
men. The remaining inhabitants of the city
are afraid and begin to give glory to the God
of heaven. What the witness of the two
martyrs did not do, the power of God in
judgment will do.
29. Revelation 11 ~ The Seventh Seal
15 Then the seventh angel sounded: And
there were loud voices in heaven, saying,
"The kingdoms of this world have
become the kingdoms of our Lord and of
His Christ, and He shall reign forever and
ever!"
If one takes the words of praise to God as a
massive worldwide repentance, then the
message of the voices is easy enough to
understand. However, the third woe has not yet
passed, more judgment is coming.
30. Revelation 11 ~ The Seventh Seal
The grammar does not necessarily mean an
historical fact at this point in the vision, but
may mean to convey an absolute certainty.
Hindson observes, “One cannot read these
verses without realizing that we have come
to some great conclusion. It is all over
except the shouting!” Horton “Those in
heaven see the victory as good as won.”
31. Revelation 11 ~ The 24 Elders
16 And the twenty-four elders who sat before God on
their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17
saying:
"We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, The One
who is and who was and who is to come, Because You
have taken Your great power and reigned.
18 The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come,
And the time of the dead, that they should be judged,
And that You should reward Your servants the
prophets and the saints, and those who fear Your
name, small and great, and should destroy those who
destroy the earth."
32. Revelation 11~ The 24 Elders
This is the song that the twenty-four elders
(the Church-believing Jews and Gentiles-12
tribes and 12 apostles) sing as the end is in
sight and the culmination of God’s plan is in
view. This is a bittersweet song that
promises rewards for the saints and
punishment for the wicked. This song is a
summation of the vision itself. It calls
attention to the fact that God has a plan and
God’s plan is on track.
33. Revelation 11 ~ The Open Temple
19 “Then the temple of God was opened
in heaven, and the ark of His covenant
was seen in His temple. And there were
lightnings, noises, thunderings, an
earthquake, and great hail.
Chapter 11 ends with opening of the Temple of
God in heaven. As the temple is opened and the
ark comes into view heaven is filled with
lightening, thunder, and earthquake and large
hail. There is a sense that something else,
something very awesome, is about to happen.