This document discusses polymorphism and inheritance in object-oriented programming. It covers key concepts such as overriding superclass methods in subclasses, calling superclass constructors during inheritance, accessing overridden superclass methods using the "super" keyword, and information hiding using private/protected access modifiers. The document also explains that subclasses cannot override methods declared as static, final, or in a final superclass.

1. 1 Chapter 05: Polymorphism

2. Overriding Superclass Methods 2 Create subclass by extending existing class Subclass contains data and methods defined in original superclass Sometimes superclass data fields and methods not entirely appropriate for subclass objects Polymorphism Using same method name to indicate different implementations

3. Overriding Superclass Methods (continued) 3 Override methodin parent class Create method in child class that has same name and argument list as method in parent class Subtype polymorphism Ability of one method name to work appropriately for different subclass objects of same parent class

4. Understanding How ConstructorsAre Called During Inheritance 4 Instantiate object that is member of subclass Call at least two constructors Constructor for base class Constructor for derived class Superclass constructor must execute first When superclass contains default constructor Execution of superclass constructor transparent

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6. Understanding How ConstructorsAre Called During Inheritance (continued) 6

7. Using Superclass Constructorsthat Require Arguments 7 When you write your own constructor You replace automatically supplied version When extending superclass with constructors that require arguments Subclass must provide superclass constructor with arguments it needs

8. Using Superclass Constructorsthat Require Arguments (continued) 8 When superclass has default constructor Can create subclass with or without own constructor When superclass contains only constructors that require arguments Must include at least one constructor for each subclass you create First statement within each constructor must call superclass constructor

9. Using Superclass Constructorsthat Require Arguments (continued) 9 Call superclass constructor super(list of arguments); Keyword super Always refers to superclass

10. Accessing Superclass Methods 10 Use overridden superclass method within subclass Use keyword super to access parent class method Comparing this and super Think of the keyword this as the opposite of super Within a subclass When parent class contains a method that is not overridden Child can use the method name with super, this, or alone

11. Accessing Superclass Methods (continued) 11

12. Quick Quiz 12 1. Using the same method name to indicate different implementations is called ____. 2. True or False: When you instantiate an object that is a member of a subclass, you are actually calling at least two constructors. 3. The keyword ____ always refers to the superclass of the class in which you use it.

13. Learning About Information Hiding 13 Student class Keyword private precedes each data field Keyword public precedes each method Information hiding Concept of keeping data private Data can be altered only by methods you choose and only in ways that you can control

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15. Learning About Information Hiding (continued) 15 When class serves as superclass Subclasses inherit all data and methods of superclass Except private members of parent class not accessible within child class’s methods

16. Learning About Information Hiding (continued) 16 Keyword protected Provides intermediate level of security between public and private access Can be used within own class or in any classes extended from that class Cannot be used by “outside” classes

17. Methods You Cannot Override 17 static methods final methods Methods within final classes

18. A Subclass Cannot Override staticMethods in Its Superclass 18 Subclass cannot override methods declared static in superclass Can hidestatic method in superclass By declaring static method with same signature as static method in superclass Call new static method from within subclass or in another class by using subclass object Within static method of subclass Cannot access parent method using super object

19. A Subclass Cannot Override staticMethods in Its Superclass (continued) 19 Although child class cannot inherit parent’s static methods Can access parent’s static methods in the same way any other class can

20. A Subclass Cannot Override staticMethods in Its Superclass (continued) 20

21. A Subclass Cannot Override finalMethods in Its Superclass 21 Subclass cannot override methods declared final in superclass final modifier Does not allow method to be overridden Virtual method calls Default in Java Method used is determined when program runs Type of object used might not be known until method executes

22. A Subclass Cannot Override finalMethods in Its Superclass (continued) 22 Advantage to making method final Compiler knows there is only one version of method Compiler knows which method version will be used Can optimize program’s performance By removing calls to final methods Replacing them with expanded code of their definitions At each method call location Called inlining

23. A Subclass Cannot Override Methodsin a final Superclass 23 Declare class final All of its methods are final Regardless of which access modifier precedes method name Cannot be a parent class

24. A Subclass Cannot Override Methodsin a final Superclass (continued) 24

25. You Do It 25 Creating a superclass and an application to use it Creating a subclass and an application to use it Creating a subclass method that overrides a superclass method Understanding the role of constructors in inheritance

26. You Do It (continued) 26 Inheritance when the superclass requires constructor arguments Accessing an overridden superclass method from within a subclass

27. Don’t Do It 27 Don’t capitalize the “o” in the instanceof operator Don’t try to directly access private superclass members from a subclass Don’t forget to call a superclass constructor from within a subclass constructor if the superclass does not contain a default constructor

28. Summary 28 Inheritance Mechanism that enables one class to inherit both behavior and attributes of another class Keyword extends Achieve inheritance in Java Polymorphism Act of using same method name to indicate different implementations

29. Summary (continued) 29 Use a superclass method within a subclass Use keyword super to access it Information hiding Concept of keeping data private Keyword protected Intermediate level of security between public and private access Subclass cannot override methods Declared static in superclass Declared final or class final

30. 30 Quick Quiz 3 The concept of keeping data private is known as ____. 2. Using the keyword ____ provides you with an intermediate level of security between public and private access. 3. True or False: Although a child class cannot inherit its parent’s static methods, it can access its parent’s static methods the same way any other class can. 4. You can declare a class to be ____. When you do, all of its methods are final, regardless of which access modifier precedes the method name.