Chapte 8 sect. 2 electing the president
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•2,561 views
The document discusses the history and process of electing the U.S. president. Originally, the candidate who received the most electoral votes became president and the runner-up became vice president. However, the election of 1800 led to changes being made. The Twelfth Amendment now requires electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president. Currently, most states use a winner-take-all system where the candidate receiving the most popular votes in that state wins all its electoral votes. Critics argue this is unfair and can result in a candidate losing the nationwide popular vote but winning the electoral vote. There are ongoing debates around potential reforms to the Electoral College system.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Elections and Electoral Laws in India- Dr Anna Nath Ganguly
Elections is India is dynamic and challenging task. Many reforms and laws have been brought to make Indian Democracy free and fair. Turning points and landmark changes in elections need much deliberation and new ideas to shape and reignite Electoral democracy
Report to UN Human Rights Council, Troy Ware Mar 07
Troy C. Ware has submitted a four page report from 2007 to the UN Human Rights Council on violations of the right to vote worldwide. The report summarized issues such as lack of genuine elections due to problems with electronic voting, abridgement of voting rights through laws, and disenfranchisement of groups like felons. It made recommendations to the Council on measures to protect voting rights. The writing sample is from a report Ware authored for the non-governmental organization Human Rights Advocates on behalf of the UN Human Rights Council.
Voting rights of migrants in Europe
Presentation by Prof. Kees Groenendijk (Centre for Migration Law, University of Nijmegen) on the occasion of the EESC hearing on 'A more inclusive citizenship open to immigrants' - Brussels, 4 September 2013
Voter Petitions for Term Limits in Illinois: A Conflict Between Popular Desir...
Voter Petitions for Term Limits in Illinois: A Conflict Between Popular Desir...Paul Simon Public Policy Institute
This document summarizes a voter petition in Illinois seeking to impose legislative term limits through a constitutional amendment. It discusses the relevant section of the Illinois Constitution, the three methods for amending the constitution, and two important Illinois Supreme Court cases on this issue. Based on the case law, the petition is likely invalid because term limits do not qualify as a strictly "structural and procedural" change allowed through the voter initiative process under the constitution. While voters strongly support term limits, the courts have interpreted the rules for amendments as prohibiting this type of substantive change through a petition.Commission rules on objections to candidates 9 april 2019
The Commission has adjudicated objections against candidates
nominated to stand for the 2019 National and Provincial Elections, upholding one
and overturning all others.
Redistricting, Reapportionment and Reform
Redistricting occurs every 10 years following the census and involves redrawing legislative district boundaries to account for population changes. It must comply with federal voting rights laws and can involve partisan battles over how districts are shaped. The document discusses the redistricting process, including its legal requirements, timeline, actors involved, and technology used. It also notes trends in the most recent 2010 redistricting cycle.
Powerpoint 2
The document summarizes 11 amendments to the US Constitution between the 11th and 27th amendments. These amendments covered topics like states rights to not be sued without consent, separating electoral college votes for president and vice president, abolishing and prohibiting slavery, defining citizenship rights, prohibiting restrictions on voting based on race, allowing income tax, direct election of senators, prohibition and repeal of prohibition, women's right to vote, terms for elected officials, presidential voting in DC, prohibiting poll taxes, presidential succession, lowering the voting age to 18, and regulating congressional salaries.
THE 2012 REDISTRICTING IN FLORIDA: THE MORE THINGS CHANGE…
1) Florida voters passed amendments in 2010 to restrict partisan gerrymandering by requiring compact and equal population districts that don't favor incumbents or parties.
2) While districts appear similar visually, they still favor incumbents and parties. More Democrats gained seats in 2012 compared to 2002.
3) Minority representation increased in both parties after 2010. The amendments increased competition by weakening incumbents but did not establish complete neutrality.
Recommended
Elections and Electoral Laws in India- Dr Anna Nath Ganguly
Elections is India is dynamic and challenging task. Many reforms and laws have been brought to make Indian Democracy free and fair. Turning points and landmark changes in elections need much deliberation and new ideas to shape and reignite Electoral democracy
Report to UN Human Rights Council, Troy Ware Mar 07
Troy C. Ware has submitted a four page report from 2007 to the UN Human Rights Council on violations of the right to vote worldwide. The report summarized issues such as lack of genuine elections due to problems with electronic voting, abridgement of voting rights through laws, and disenfranchisement of groups like felons. It made recommendations to the Council on measures to protect voting rights. The writing sample is from a report Ware authored for the non-governmental organization Human Rights Advocates on behalf of the UN Human Rights Council.
Voting rights of migrants in Europe
Presentation by Prof. Kees Groenendijk (Centre for Migration Law, University of Nijmegen) on the occasion of the EESC hearing on 'A more inclusive citizenship open to immigrants' - Brussels, 4 September 2013
Voter Petitions for Term Limits in Illinois: A Conflict Between Popular Desir...
Voter Petitions for Term Limits in Illinois: A Conflict Between Popular Desir...Paul Simon Public Policy Institute
This document summarizes a voter petition in Illinois seeking to impose legislative term limits through a constitutional amendment. It discusses the relevant section of the Illinois Constitution, the three methods for amending the constitution, and two important Illinois Supreme Court cases on this issue. Based on the case law, the petition is likely invalid because term limits do not qualify as a strictly "structural and procedural" change allowed through the voter initiative process under the constitution. While voters strongly support term limits, the courts have interpreted the rules for amendments as prohibiting this type of substantive change through a petition.Commission rules on objections to candidates 9 april 2019
The Commission has adjudicated objections against candidates
nominated to stand for the 2019 National and Provincial Elections, upholding one
and overturning all others.
Redistricting, Reapportionment and Reform
Redistricting occurs every 10 years following the census and involves redrawing legislative district boundaries to account for population changes. It must comply with federal voting rights laws and can involve partisan battles over how districts are shaped. The document discusses the redistricting process, including its legal requirements, timeline, actors involved, and technology used. It also notes trends in the most recent 2010 redistricting cycle.
Powerpoint 2
The document summarizes 11 amendments to the US Constitution between the 11th and 27th amendments. These amendments covered topics like states rights to not be sued without consent, separating electoral college votes for president and vice president, abolishing and prohibiting slavery, defining citizenship rights, prohibiting restrictions on voting based on race, allowing income tax, direct election of senators, prohibition and repeal of prohibition, women's right to vote, terms for elected officials, presidential voting in DC, prohibiting poll taxes, presidential succession, lowering the voting age to 18, and regulating congressional salaries.
THE 2012 REDISTRICTING IN FLORIDA: THE MORE THINGS CHANGE…
1) Florida voters passed amendments in 2010 to restrict partisan gerrymandering by requiring compact and equal population districts that don't favor incumbents or parties.
2) While districts appear similar visually, they still favor incumbents and parties. More Democrats gained seats in 2012 compared to 2002.
3) Minority representation increased in both parties after 2010. The amendments increased competition by weakening incumbents but did not establish complete neutrality.
Hiwar » Egypt in Heated Debate Over Female Judges » Print
Egypt is embroiled in a heated debate over appointing female judges. The Council of State, Egypt's highest administrative court, voted overwhelmingly to reject applications from female law graduates. Supporters argue society and rural areas are not ready to accept female authority figures, while critics say this violates women's constitutional rights and moves backwards after other gains. The Prime Minister requested the Constitutional Court weigh in on relevant laws, but the Council of State reaffirmed its rejection of female judges until further studies are completed. Activists accuse the government, rights groups, and female applicants themselves of not doing enough to defend women's rights in this battle.
How Did We Get Here? Term Limits Nationwide and in Illinois
This document summarizes research on term limits for elected executives and legislators nationwide and in Illinois. It finds that 20 of the largest US cities have term limits for executives, with 6 having absolute limits and 8 having consecutive limits. For legislators, 13 cities have term limits. In Illinois, several municipalities have enacted term limits via referendum, though Chicago has no limits. 16 proposals for legislative term limits have been introduced in the Illinois General Assembly. The average tenure for Illinois legislators is 8.5 years, with the Speaker serving over 29 years.
Arun Jaitely vs State of U.P.
UP court charged Finance Minister Arun Jaitley with sedition for criticizing a Supreme Court ruling striking down the National Judicial Appointments Commission. A civil judge took cognizance of Jaitley's statements calling Indian democracy cannot be a "tyranny of the unelected" and summoned him to appear in court. However, lawyers argued that criticism of a court ruling is not sedition and the judge acted without properly applying the law in charging Jaitley. The case highlights the debate around limits on criticism of government institutions in India.
New York Times OpEd - 2004 Presidential Election\
The document outlines a scenario in which John Edwards could become President in 2005 without either he or John Kerry winning the national election. It describes how a close electoral college result and challenges to the vote could lead to a 269-269 tie, sending the election to Congress. If Democrats gained control of the Senate, Edwards would likely become Vice President, and a deadlock in the House vote could leave him as Acting President indefinitely if the House cannot agree on the President.
Better Maps for Illinois
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on redistricting given by Peter Wattson. It discusses the need for limits on partisan gerrymandering through establishing clear criteria for who draws maps, what data they can use, and principles the resulting districts must meet. It also covers requirements under the Voting Rights Act to fairly represent minorities and avoid diluting minority voting strength. Finally, it examines legal challenges to racial and partisan gerrymanders and efforts in some states to curb improper political influence through redistricting reforms.
The Effects of Term Limits
Term limits have led to higher turnover in state legislatures, with term-limited states seeing 25-40% membership changes compared to 15-25% in non-term limited states. The experience gap between new and returning legislators has also widened, with fewer members in term-limited chambers having 5+ years of experience. Additionally, term limits have shifted legislators' focus away from constituents towards more public policy issues and the legislative process itself. Governors have gained relative power compared to state legislatures under term limit systems.
9 civics 3.8.11
The document provides case studies of various countries and incidents related to democracy. It analyzes aspects of elections and governance in Pakistan, China, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Estonia, Fiji, Zimbabwe, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bihar and Bangladesh. Key aspects of democracy that were violated include lack of free and fair elections, denial of voting rights, manipulation of electoral and legal processes, suppression of opposition, and lack of independent media. Some countries preserved democratic aspects like elections and rule by elected representatives.
Georgia-Parliamentary-Election-Final-Report-3
The document is a final election report by the Committee for Open Democracy on Georgia's 2012 parliamentary elections. It summarizes problematic issues observed in the pre-election period including pressure on the media, voter list and ballot fraud, abuse of administrative resources, and selective law enforcement. On election day, some irregularities were seen but the final results generally reflected the will of voters. The report concludes that while democratic progress was made, Georgia needs further electoral reforms particularly regarding enforcement of laws. It provides recommendations such as improving voter lists, liberalizing overseas voting, making the election commission more representative, and preventing politically motivated arrests during campaigns.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Preclearance
This document provides an overview of Arizona's independent redistricting process following the 2000 passage of Proposition 106. It discusses the creation of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission (AIRC) to redraw congressional and legislative districts, the extensive public input process used, and the results including legal challenges. Key points include: the AIRC held over 50 public meetings, received thousands of comments, and their final maps were approved on the first try by the Department of Justice; and the 2012 elections using the new maps resulted in 3 competitive congressional races and a more balanced state legislature. Potential lessons learned and future adjustments to the process are also addressed.
AP Government 1999 MC Exam
The document provides examples of multiple choice questions about civics and government. It includes questions about checks and balances, political ideology, primaries, the roles of vice presidents, political action committees, income distribution, the Supreme Court, Congress, lobbying, presidential nominations, civil rights laws, and other topics. The response options provide details and definitions to contextualize the concepts being tested.
Apgov1999mcexam
The document provides examples of multiple choice questions about civics and government. It includes questions about checks and balances, political ideology, primaries, the roles of vice presidents, political action committees, income distribution, the Supreme Court, Congress, lobbying, presidential nominations, civil rights laws, and other topics. The response options provide details and definitions to contextualize the concepts being tested.
AP Government Practice Exam [5]
The document appears to be a practice exam for AP Government & Politics. It contains 16 multiple choice questions that cover various topics related to US government and politics, including:
- Types of federal grants (project grants are based on competitive applications for specific undertakings)
- Reasons for the success of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (it had a clear goal of increasing black voter registration and federal officials oversaw implementation)
- When presidents have the best chance of passing their programs (early in their first term when popularity is highest)
- Implications of the Miranda v. Arizona Supreme Court case (suspects must be informed of their rights or confessions cannot be used as evidence)
Apgovpractexam5
Over time, Americans have had slightly differing views on personal responsibility for success or failure. In 1924 and 1977, approximately 47% of high school students agreed that it is entirely a person's own fault if they cannot succeed. The view that external factors like luck or upbringing influence success more than personal responsibility increased from 30% in 1924 to 40% in 1977. However, the majority of Americans have consistently believed that hard work leads to success and that people are primarily responsible for their own outcomes.
Apgov2002mcexam
The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the division between church and state. Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through providing legislators with information on technical issues. Gerrymandering results in districts that favor one political party over another by drawing district lines to the advantage of the dominant party in power.
AP Government 2002 MC Exam
The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the division between church and state. Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through providing legislators with information on technical issues. Gerrymandering results in districts that favor one political party over another by drawing district lines to the advantage of the dominant party in power.
The electoral college[1]
The Electoral College was established in 1787 to provide an indirect election of the President and Vice President by citizens voting for electors who then vote for the candidates. It was a compromise between having Congress decide or a popular vote. The number of electors each state has equals its Congressional representation. Most states use a winner-take-all system. Critics argue it can result in a candidate losing the national popular vote but winning the Electoral College.
Apgov1989mcexam
The document lists three branches of the US government: the Presidency, the Congress, and the Judiciary. It then lists Norman as the author. The summary provides a high-level overview without analyzing or evaluating the content:
The document discusses the three branches of the US government - the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary. It is authored by Norman.
AP Government 1989 MC Exam
The document lists three branches of the US government: the Presidency, the Congress, and the Judiciary. It then lists Norman as the author. The summary provides a high-level overview without analyzing or evaluating the content:
The document discusses the three branches of the US government - the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary. It is authored by Norman.
Ch 13 Sec 3,4,5
The document discusses the electoral college system for electing the U.S. president. It describes how the system was established as a compromise between having Congress or citizens directly elect the president. The electoral college has faced criticism due to candidates sometimes winning the electoral college while losing the national popular vote. Reforms have been proposed but none have been successfully implemented. The nominating process involves state primaries and caucuses where parties select delegates for their national conventions.
9 Civ3 Electoral politics.Exercise.pdf
This document contains a chapter on electoral politics in India that discusses key concepts like reasons for conducting elections, what makes Indian elections democratic, ensuring fair representation, the various stages of the election process, and examples of electoral malpractices. It provides information on maintaining accurate voter lists, constituencies reserved for marginalized groups, preventing misuse of power by those in office, and the roles and responsibilities of election officials in ensuring free and fair elections.
One lakh General knowledge
This document contains a political science lesson on various topics related to the Indian constitution and government. It includes 15 multiple choice questions with explanations on subjects like the Prime Minister's role, state legislatures, human rights, and political parties. The questions are from an online resource for political science exam preparation.
PROPOSED ELECTORAL REFORMS
The document proposes several electoral reforms put forth by the Election Commission of India. It discusses proposed amendments to the Constitution of India to provide greater constitutional protection and safeguards to all members of the Election Commission, including Election Commissioners, similar to what is provided to the Chief Election Commissioner. It proposes making the budget of the Election Commission a "charged" expenditure to symbolize its independence. It also proposes establishing an independent secretariat for the Election Commission to insulate it from executive interference in matters like appointments and promotions of staff.
More Related Content
What's hot
Hiwar » Egypt in Heated Debate Over Female Judges » Print
Egypt is embroiled in a heated debate over appointing female judges. The Council of State, Egypt's highest administrative court, voted overwhelmingly to reject applications from female law graduates. Supporters argue society and rural areas are not ready to accept female authority figures, while critics say this violates women's constitutional rights and moves backwards after other gains. The Prime Minister requested the Constitutional Court weigh in on relevant laws, but the Council of State reaffirmed its rejection of female judges until further studies are completed. Activists accuse the government, rights groups, and female applicants themselves of not doing enough to defend women's rights in this battle.
How Did We Get Here? Term Limits Nationwide and in Illinois
This document summarizes research on term limits for elected executives and legislators nationwide and in Illinois. It finds that 20 of the largest US cities have term limits for executives, with 6 having absolute limits and 8 having consecutive limits. For legislators, 13 cities have term limits. In Illinois, several municipalities have enacted term limits via referendum, though Chicago has no limits. 16 proposals for legislative term limits have been introduced in the Illinois General Assembly. The average tenure for Illinois legislators is 8.5 years, with the Speaker serving over 29 years.
Arun Jaitely vs State of U.P.
UP court charged Finance Minister Arun Jaitley with sedition for criticizing a Supreme Court ruling striking down the National Judicial Appointments Commission. A civil judge took cognizance of Jaitley's statements calling Indian democracy cannot be a "tyranny of the unelected" and summoned him to appear in court. However, lawyers argued that criticism of a court ruling is not sedition and the judge acted without properly applying the law in charging Jaitley. The case highlights the debate around limits on criticism of government institutions in India.
New York Times OpEd - 2004 Presidential Election\
The document outlines a scenario in which John Edwards could become President in 2005 without either he or John Kerry winning the national election. It describes how a close electoral college result and challenges to the vote could lead to a 269-269 tie, sending the election to Congress. If Democrats gained control of the Senate, Edwards would likely become Vice President, and a deadlock in the House vote could leave him as Acting President indefinitely if the House cannot agree on the President.
Better Maps for Illinois
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on redistricting given by Peter Wattson. It discusses the need for limits on partisan gerrymandering through establishing clear criteria for who draws maps, what data they can use, and principles the resulting districts must meet. It also covers requirements under the Voting Rights Act to fairly represent minorities and avoid diluting minority voting strength. Finally, it examines legal challenges to racial and partisan gerrymanders and efforts in some states to curb improper political influence through redistricting reforms.
The Effects of Term Limits
Term limits have led to higher turnover in state legislatures, with term-limited states seeing 25-40% membership changes compared to 15-25% in non-term limited states. The experience gap between new and returning legislators has also widened, with fewer members in term-limited chambers having 5+ years of experience. Additionally, term limits have shifted legislators' focus away from constituents towards more public policy issues and the legislative process itself. Governors have gained relative power compared to state legislatures under term limit systems.
9 civics 3.8.11
The document provides case studies of various countries and incidents related to democracy. It analyzes aspects of elections and governance in Pakistan, China, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Estonia, Fiji, Zimbabwe, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bihar and Bangladesh. Key aspects of democracy that were violated include lack of free and fair elections, denial of voting rights, manipulation of electoral and legal processes, suppression of opposition, and lack of independent media. Some countries preserved democratic aspects like elections and rule by elected representatives.
Georgia-Parliamentary-Election-Final-Report-3
The document is a final election report by the Committee for Open Democracy on Georgia's 2012 parliamentary elections. It summarizes problematic issues observed in the pre-election period including pressure on the media, voter list and ballot fraud, abuse of administrative resources, and selective law enforcement. On election day, some irregularities were seen but the final results generally reflected the will of voters. The report concludes that while democratic progress was made, Georgia needs further electoral reforms particularly regarding enforcement of laws. It provides recommendations such as improving voter lists, liberalizing overseas voting, making the election commission more representative, and preventing politically motivated arrests during campaigns.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Preclearance
This document provides an overview of Arizona's independent redistricting process following the 2000 passage of Proposition 106. It discusses the creation of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission (AIRC) to redraw congressional and legislative districts, the extensive public input process used, and the results including legal challenges. Key points include: the AIRC held over 50 public meetings, received thousands of comments, and their final maps were approved on the first try by the Department of Justice; and the 2012 elections using the new maps resulted in 3 competitive congressional races and a more balanced state legislature. Potential lessons learned and future adjustments to the process are also addressed.
What's hot (9)
Hiwar » Egypt in Heated Debate Over Female Judges » Print
Hiwar » Egypt in Heated Debate Over Female Judges » Print
How Did We Get Here? Term Limits Nationwide and in Illinois
How Did We Get Here? Term Limits Nationwide and in Illinois
Similar to Chapte 8 sect. 2 electing the president
AP Government 1999 MC Exam
The document provides examples of multiple choice questions about civics and government. It includes questions about checks and balances, political ideology, primaries, the roles of vice presidents, political action committees, income distribution, the Supreme Court, Congress, lobbying, presidential nominations, civil rights laws, and other topics. The response options provide details and definitions to contextualize the concepts being tested.
Apgov1999mcexam
The document provides examples of multiple choice questions about civics and government. It includes questions about checks and balances, political ideology, primaries, the roles of vice presidents, political action committees, income distribution, the Supreme Court, Congress, lobbying, presidential nominations, civil rights laws, and other topics. The response options provide details and definitions to contextualize the concepts being tested.
AP Government Practice Exam [5]
The document appears to be a practice exam for AP Government & Politics. It contains 16 multiple choice questions that cover various topics related to US government and politics, including:
- Types of federal grants (project grants are based on competitive applications for specific undertakings)
- Reasons for the success of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (it had a clear goal of increasing black voter registration and federal officials oversaw implementation)
- When presidents have the best chance of passing their programs (early in their first term when popularity is highest)
- Implications of the Miranda v. Arizona Supreme Court case (suspects must be informed of their rights or confessions cannot be used as evidence)
Apgovpractexam5
Over time, Americans have had slightly differing views on personal responsibility for success or failure. In 1924 and 1977, approximately 47% of high school students agreed that it is entirely a person's own fault if they cannot succeed. The view that external factors like luck or upbringing influence success more than personal responsibility increased from 30% in 1924 to 40% in 1977. However, the majority of Americans have consistently believed that hard work leads to success and that people are primarily responsible for their own outcomes.
Apgov2002mcexam
The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the division between church and state. Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through providing legislators with information on technical issues. Gerrymandering results in districts that favor one political party over another by drawing district lines to the advantage of the dominant party in power.
AP Government 2002 MC Exam
The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the division between church and state. Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through providing legislators with information on technical issues. Gerrymandering results in districts that favor one political party over another by drawing district lines to the advantage of the dominant party in power.
The electoral college[1]
The Electoral College was established in 1787 to provide an indirect election of the President and Vice President by citizens voting for electors who then vote for the candidates. It was a compromise between having Congress decide or a popular vote. The number of electors each state has equals its Congressional representation. Most states use a winner-take-all system. Critics argue it can result in a candidate losing the national popular vote but winning the Electoral College.
Apgov1989mcexam
The document lists three branches of the US government: the Presidency, the Congress, and the Judiciary. It then lists Norman as the author. The summary provides a high-level overview without analyzing or evaluating the content:
The document discusses the three branches of the US government - the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary. It is authored by Norman.
AP Government 1989 MC Exam
The document lists three branches of the US government: the Presidency, the Congress, and the Judiciary. It then lists Norman as the author. The summary provides a high-level overview without analyzing or evaluating the content:
The document discusses the three branches of the US government - the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary. It is authored by Norman.
Ch 13 Sec 3,4,5
The document discusses the electoral college system for electing the U.S. president. It describes how the system was established as a compromise between having Congress or citizens directly elect the president. The electoral college has faced criticism due to candidates sometimes winning the electoral college while losing the national popular vote. Reforms have been proposed but none have been successfully implemented. The nominating process involves state primaries and caucuses where parties select delegates for their national conventions.
9 Civ3 Electoral politics.Exercise.pdf
This document contains a chapter on electoral politics in India that discusses key concepts like reasons for conducting elections, what makes Indian elections democratic, ensuring fair representation, the various stages of the election process, and examples of electoral malpractices. It provides information on maintaining accurate voter lists, constituencies reserved for marginalized groups, preventing misuse of power by those in office, and the roles and responsibilities of election officials in ensuring free and fair elections.
One lakh General knowledge
This document contains a political science lesson on various topics related to the Indian constitution and government. It includes 15 multiple choice questions with explanations on subjects like the Prime Minister's role, state legislatures, human rights, and political parties. The questions are from an online resource for political science exam preparation.
PROPOSED ELECTORAL REFORMS
The document proposes several electoral reforms put forth by the Election Commission of India. It discusses proposed amendments to the Constitution of India to provide greater constitutional protection and safeguards to all members of the Election Commission, including Election Commissioners, similar to what is provided to the Chief Election Commissioner. It proposes making the budget of the Election Commission a "charged" expenditure to symbolize its independence. It also proposes establishing an independent secretariat for the Election Commission to insulate it from executive interference in matters like appointments and promotions of staff.
Chap. 10 PDF
The document discusses the structure and powers of the United States Congress. Congress is made up of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members based on population, with each state having at least one representative. The Senate has two senators from each state. Congress has both expressed powers listed in the Constitution as well as implied powers to pass laws necessary to exercise those expressed powers.
Similar to Chapte 8 sect. 2 electing the president (14)
Chapte 8 sect. 2 electing the president
- 1. Chapter 8 Section 2 ELECTING THE PRESIDENT
- 2. I. THE ORIGINAL SYSTEM (PAGES 220–221) A. Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution provided that the candidate receiving the majority of the electoral votes became the president. B. The candidate with the second-highest number of votes became vice president.
- 3. II. THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL PARTIES (PAGE 221) A. The election of 1800 was decided by the House of Representatives. B. To prevent a tie vote for president in the Electoral College, the Twelfth Amendment, added to the Constitution in 1804, provided that electors must cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
- 4. III. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM TODAY (PAGES 221–223) A. The Electoral College is still used to choose the president and vice president. B. The College uses a winner-take-all system; all of a state’s (except Maine and Nebraska) electoral votes go to the candidate receiving the largest popular vote. C. The Electoral College vote is cast in December.
- 5. IV. ELECTORAL COLLEGE ISSUES (PAGES 223–226) A. Critics say that the Electoral College’s winner-take-all system is unfair. B. The Electoral College system also makes it possible for a candidate who loses the total popular vote to win the electoral vote. C. A third-party candidate could win enough electoral votes to prevent either major party candidate from receiving a majority in the Electoral College.
- 6. IV. ELECTORAL COLLEGE ISSUES (PAGES 223–226) D. When the House of Representatives must decide a presidential election, it may face several serious problems. E. Critics of the electoral system have offered suggestions to improve it. F. Other critics believe the Electoral College should be replaced with direct election of the president and vice president.
- 7. V. THE INAUGURATION (PAGE 226) A. The new president is sworn into office in an inauguration ceremony. B. All leading officials from the three branches of government attend the January ceremony.