This document provides an overview of managerial accounting. It outlines 7 key differences between financial and managerial accounting, including their different users and focus. It describes the work of management as planning, decision making, and controlling. It defines key terms like decentralization, enterprise risk management, lean production, and the theory of constraints. It emphasizes that managerial accounting supports management functions like planning, controlling, and decision making through measurement and analysis of data.

1. PowerPoint Authors:
Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA
Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA
Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA
Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
Managerial Accounting:
An Overview
Chapter 01
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. 1-2
Financial and Managerial
Accounting: Seven Key Differences
Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting
1. Users External persons who Managers who plan for
make financial decisions and control an organization
2. Time focus Historical perspective Future emphasis
3. Verifiability Emphasis on Emphasis on
versus relevance objectivity and verifiability relevance
4. Precision versus Emphasis on Emphasis on
timeliness precision timeliness
5. Subject Primary focus is on Focus on
companywide reports segment reports
6. Rules Must follow GAAP / IFRS Not bound by GAAP / IFRS
and prescribed formats or any prescribed format
7. Requirement Mandatory for Not
external reports Mandatory

3. 1-3
Corporate Organization Chart
Purchasing Personnel Vice President
Operations
Treasurer Controller
Chief Financial
Officer
President
Board of Directors
Organizational Structure
Decentralization is the delegation of decision-
making authority throughout an organization.
1-3

4. 1-4
Work of Management
Planning
Decision
Making
Controlling

5. 1-5
Planning
Establish Goals.
Specify How Goals
Will Be Achieved.
Develop Budgets.

6. 1-6
Controlling
The control function gathers feedback to
ensure that plans are being followed.
Feedback in the form of performance reports
that compare actual results with the budget
are an essential part of the control function.

7. 1-7
Decision Making
Decision making involves
making a selection among
competing alternatives.
What should
we be selling?
Who should
we be serving?
How should
we execute?

8. 1-8
Certified Management Accountant
A management accountant
who has the necessary qualifications
and who passes a rigorous professional
exam earns the right to be known as a
Certified Management Accountant
(CMA).

9. 1-9
Strategic Management Skills
A strategy
is a “game plan”
that enables a company
to attract customers
by distinguishing itself
from competitors.
The focal point of a
company’s strategy should
be its target customers.

10. 1-10
Enterprise Risk Management
A process used
by a company to
proactively identify
and manage risk.
Once a company identifies its risks, perhaps the
most common risk management tactic is to reduce
risks by implementing specific controls.
Should I try to avoid the
risk, accept the risk, or
reduce the risk?

11. 1-11
Process Management
Business functions making up the value chain
Product Customer
R&D Design Manufacturing Marketing Distribution Service
A business
process is a series of
steps that are followed in order to
carry out some task in
a business.

12. 1-12
Lean Production
Customer places
an order
Create Production
Order
Generate component
requirements
Production begins
as parts arrive
Goods delivered
when needed
Components
are ordered
Lean Production is often called Just-In-Time (JIT) production.

13. 1-13
A constraint (also called a bottleneck) is anything that
prevents you from getting more of what you want.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is based on the
observation that effectively managing the constraint is the
key to success.
The constraint in a system is determined
by the step that has the smallest capacity.
Theory of Constraints

14. 1-14
Measurement Skills
A good manager
compliments an
understanding of
strategy, risks, and
business processes with
data-driven analysis.
The key to effective analysis is to understand that
the question you are addressing defines what you
measure and how you analyze the data.

15. 1-15
Measurement Skills
Controlling
Planning
Decision
Making
The primary purpose
of this course is to
teach measurement
skills that managers
use to support
planning, controlling,
and decision making
activities.

16. 1-16
End of Chapter 01