This document is a presentation on the skeletal system that focuses on the appendicular skeleton. It describes the bones that make up the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula. It also details the bones of the upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs. For each body region, it lists the individual bones and provides labeled diagrams to illustrate their structures and relationships. Key points covered include differences in the male and female pelvis that relate to childbirth.

1. PowerPoint®
Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART D
5
The Skeletal
System

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The Appendicular Skeleton
 Composed of 126 bones
 Limbs (appendages)
 Pectoral girdle
 Pelvic girdle

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The Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 5.6a

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The Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 5.6b

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The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
 Composed of two bones
 Clavicle—collarbone
 Scapula—shoulder blade
 These bones allow the upper limb to have
exceptionally free movement

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Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Figure 5.21a

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Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Figure 5.21b

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Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Figure 5.21c–d

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
 Humerus
 Forms the arm
 Single bone

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.22a–b

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
 The forearm has two bones
 Ulna
 Medial bone in anatomical position
 Radius
 Lateral bone in anatomical position

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.22c

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
 The hand
 Carpals—wrist
 Metacarpals—palm
 Phalanges—fingers

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Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.23

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Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
 Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones
 Composed of three pairs of fused bones
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubis

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Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
 The total weight of the upper body rests on the
pelvis
 It protects several organs
 Reproductive organs
 Urinary bladder
 Part of the large intestine

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The Pelvis
Figure 5.24a

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The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone
Figure 5.24b

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Gender Differences of the Pelvis
 The female inlet is larger and more circular
 The female pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the
bones are lighter and thinner
 The female ilia flare more laterally
 The female sacrum is shorter and less curved
 The female ischial spines are shorter and farther
apart; thus the outlet is larger
 The female pubic arch is more rounded because
the angle of the pubic arch is greater

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Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Figure 5.24c

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Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The thigh has one bone
 Femur
 The heaviest, strongest bone in the body

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Bones of the Lower Limbs
Figure 5.25a–b

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Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The lower leg has two bones
 Tibia
 Shinbone
 Larger and medially oriented
 Fibula
 Thin and sticklike

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Bones of the Lower Limbs
Figure 5.25c

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Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The foot
 Tarsals
 Two largest tarsals
 Calcaneus (heelbone)
 Talus
 Metatarsals—sole
 Phalanges—toes

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Bones of the Lower Limb
Figure 5.26

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Arches of the Foot
 Bones of the foot are arranged to form three
strong arches
 Two longitudinal
 One transverse

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Arches of the Foot
Figure 5.27