SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Consider your audience’s
             four broader goals:

• security
• recognition
• professional growth
• connectedness




     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   1
Work within eight constraints:

• ethical
• legal
• political
• informational
• personnel
• financial
• time
• format and tone
      Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   2
Follow six steps to
       craft a persuasive argument:
• Identify the elements of a persuasive
  argument.
• Use the right kinds of evidence.
• Consider opposing viewpoints.
• Appeal to emotions responsibly.
• Decide where to present the claim.
• Understand the role of culture in persuasion.

     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   3
Understand the three elements
      of a persuasive argument:

• The claim—the idea you are communicating.
• The evidence—the facts and judgments that
  support your claim.
• The reasoning—the logic that you use to
  derive the claim from the evidence.




    Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   4
Use the right kinds of evidence:

• “commonsense” arguments
• numerical data
• examples
• expert testimony




     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   5
Consider three ways of meeting possible
     objections to your argument:

• Show that the opposing argument is based on
  illogical reasoning or on inaccurate or
  incomplete facts.
• Show that the opposing argument is valid but
  less powerful than your own.
• Show how the two arguments can be
  reconciled.


     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   6
Understand the role of culture in persuasion:

  • Know what each culture regards as a
    persuasive argument.
  • Know how each culture structures a
    persuasive argument.




       Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   7
Avoid ten common logical fallacies:

• ad hominem argument, or argument against
  the speaker
• argument from ignorance
• appeal to pity
• argument from authority
• circular argument, or begging the question



     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   8
Avoid ten common logical fallacies (cont.):

• either-or argument
• ad populum argument, or bandwagon
  argument
• hasty generalization, or inadequate sampling
• post hoc reasoning
• oversimplifying



     Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   9
Demonstrate four characteristics
    when creating a professional persona:

•   cooperativeness
•   moderation
•   fair-mindedness
•   modesty




       Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   10
An example of using words and images
      to create a persuasive argument




Caption: “A young boy works 12-hour days packing mud bricks in Liberia.”
              Source: U.S. Department of State, 2009 <www.state.gov/documents/organization/123360.pdf>.




           Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively                         © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   11
An example of using an image
to convey technical evidence




 Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2008 <www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id5867>.



Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively                            © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's    12

More Related Content

Similar to Ch08 slides

Phl320r4 w1
Phl320r4 w1Phl320r4 w1
Phl320r4 w1
djkjacali
 
Pob stage 1 seminar 11 sbd
Pob stage 1   seminar 11 sbdPob stage 1   seminar 11 sbd
Pob stage 1 seminar 11 sbd
Diana Shore
 
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
Coastal Carolina Community College
 
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills FamilyDean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
Riverside County Office of Education
 
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptxDefending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
JeralynPetilo
 
Essay #1 Prompt Readings Education Attentional D
Essay #1 Prompt  Readings Education Attentional DEssay #1 Prompt  Readings Education Attentional D
Essay #1 Prompt Readings Education Attentional D
TanaMaeskm
 
EAPP_ LM 6.pptx
EAPP_ LM 6.pptxEAPP_ LM 6.pptx
EAPP_ LM 6.pptx
JenniferEsteban9
 
Chapter 16 english
Chapter 16 englishChapter 16 english
Chapter 16 english
Nathalie Gonzalez
 
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docxLaw & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
manningchassidy
 
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptxHBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
JovaniGilam
 
LIB300_Exam Revision
LIB300_Exam RevisionLIB300_Exam Revision
LIB300_Exam Revision
SvetlanaPozhidaeva1
 
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in AmericaDean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
Riverside County Office of Education
 
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success TraitsDean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
Riverside County Office of Education
 
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
Patricia Lewis
 
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docxProvide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
write31
 
Ch02 slides
Ch02 slidesCh02 slides
Ch02 slides
SUNY Ulster
 
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
felicidaddinwoodie
 
Dean R Berry Poverty in America: A Student Project
Dean R Berry  Poverty in America: A Student ProjectDean R Berry  Poverty in America: A Student Project
Dean R Berry Poverty in America: A Student Project
Riverside County Office of Education
 
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docxChapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
christinemaritza
 
Dean r berry project loss of privacy
Dean r berry project loss of privacy Dean r berry project loss of privacy
Dean r berry project loss of privacy
Riverside County Office of Education
 

Similar to Ch08 slides (20)

Phl320r4 w1
Phl320r4 w1Phl320r4 w1
Phl320r4 w1
 
Pob stage 1 seminar 11 sbd
Pob stage 1   seminar 11 sbdPob stage 1   seminar 11 sbd
Pob stage 1 seminar 11 sbd
 
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
 
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills FamilyDean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
Dean R Berry Debate: Family Man Drives Drunk and Kills Family
 
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptxDefending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
Defending a Stand on an Issue by Presenting.pptx
 
Essay #1 Prompt Readings Education Attentional D
Essay #1 Prompt  Readings Education Attentional DEssay #1 Prompt  Readings Education Attentional D
Essay #1 Prompt Readings Education Attentional D
 
EAPP_ LM 6.pptx
EAPP_ LM 6.pptxEAPP_ LM 6.pptx
EAPP_ LM 6.pptx
 
Chapter 16 english
Chapter 16 englishChapter 16 english
Chapter 16 english
 
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docxLaw & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docx
 
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptxHBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
HBM211-Lecture_9 (1) (1).pptx
 
LIB300_Exam Revision
LIB300_Exam RevisionLIB300_Exam Revision
LIB300_Exam Revision
 
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in AmericaDean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
Dean R Berry Decreasing Poverty in America
 
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success TraitsDean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
 
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
Argument Topics For Essay. outstanding argumentative essays topics - Visulatt...
 
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docxProvide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
Provide a clearly stated claim on an issue based question.docx
 
Ch02 slides
Ch02 slidesCh02 slides
Ch02 slides
 
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
1EntrepreneurshipSession 5Funding for Entrepreneurial Vent.docx
 
Dean R Berry Poverty in America: A Student Project
Dean R Berry  Poverty in America: A Student ProjectDean R Berry  Poverty in America: A Student Project
Dean R Berry Poverty in America: A Student Project
 
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docxChapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
Chapter 6Topic development SPEAK© 2011 Cen.docx
 
Dean r berry project loss of privacy
Dean r berry project loss of privacy Dean r berry project loss of privacy
Dean r berry project loss of privacy
 

More from SUNY Ulster

2020 microbiology viruses final
2020 microbiology viruses final2020 microbiology viruses final
2020 microbiology viruses final
SUNY Ulster
 
Analgesia
AnalgesiaAnalgesia
Analgesia
SUNY Ulster
 
Anesthetic equipment
Anesthetic equipmentAnesthetic equipment
Anesthetic equipment
SUNY Ulster
 
Canine and feline anesthesia
Canine and feline anesthesiaCanine and feline anesthesia
Canine and feline anesthesia
SUNY Ulster
 
Anesthetic agents and adjuncts
Anesthetic agents and adjunctsAnesthetic agents and adjuncts
Anesthetic agents and adjuncts
SUNY Ulster
 
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy managementVeterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
SUNY Ulster
 
Patient preparation
Patient preparationPatient preparation
Patient preparation
SUNY Ulster
 
Introduction to Anesthesia
Introduction to AnesthesiaIntroduction to Anesthesia
Introduction to Anesthesia
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 8 renal cancer cds
Session 8 renal cancer cds Session 8 renal cancer cds
Session 8 renal cancer cds
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9 Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 5 therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
Session 5  therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes Session 5  therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
Session 5 therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 2 basic nutrients
Session 2 basic nutrientsSession 2 basic nutrients
Session 2 basic nutrients
SUNY Ulster
 
Nutrition for patients with cardiac disease
Nutrition for patients with cardiac diseaseNutrition for patients with cardiac disease
Nutrition for patients with cardiac disease
SUNY Ulster
 
Small animal nutrition dogs and cats
Small animal nutrition dogs and catsSmall animal nutrition dogs and cats
Small animal nutrition dogs and cats
SUNY Ulster
 
Veterinary Instruments
Veterinary InstrumentsVeterinary Instruments
Veterinary Instruments
SUNY Ulster
 
Sutures
SuturesSutures
Sutures
SUNY Ulster
 
Session 1 intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
Session 1  intro and digestive systems 2018(1)Session 1  intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
Session 1 intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
SUNY Ulster
 
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
SUNY Ulster
 
"Refashioned" Art212
"Refashioned" Art212"Refashioned" Art212
"Refashioned" Art212
SUNY Ulster
 

More from SUNY Ulster (20)

2020 microbiology viruses final
2020 microbiology viruses final2020 microbiology viruses final
2020 microbiology viruses final
 
Analgesia
AnalgesiaAnalgesia
Analgesia
 
Anesthetic equipment
Anesthetic equipmentAnesthetic equipment
Anesthetic equipment
 
Canine and feline anesthesia
Canine and feline anesthesiaCanine and feline anesthesia
Canine and feline anesthesia
 
Anesthetic agents and adjuncts
Anesthetic agents and adjunctsAnesthetic agents and adjuncts
Anesthetic agents and adjuncts
 
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy managementVeterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
 
Patient preparation
Patient preparationPatient preparation
Patient preparation
 
Introduction to Anesthesia
Introduction to AnesthesiaIntroduction to Anesthesia
Introduction to Anesthesia
 
Session 8 renal cancer cds
Session 8 renal cancer cds Session 8 renal cancer cds
Session 8 renal cancer cds
 
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
 
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9 Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
 
Session 5 therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
Session 5  therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes Session 5  therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
Session 5 therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
 
Session 2 basic nutrients
Session 2 basic nutrientsSession 2 basic nutrients
Session 2 basic nutrients
 
Nutrition for patients with cardiac disease
Nutrition for patients with cardiac diseaseNutrition for patients with cardiac disease
Nutrition for patients with cardiac disease
 
Small animal nutrition dogs and cats
Small animal nutrition dogs and catsSmall animal nutrition dogs and cats
Small animal nutrition dogs and cats
 
Veterinary Instruments
Veterinary InstrumentsVeterinary Instruments
Veterinary Instruments
 
Sutures
SuturesSutures
Sutures
 
Session 1 intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
Session 1  intro and digestive systems 2018(1)Session 1  intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
Session 1 intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
 
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
213 suny lecture 01 intro, etruscans, myths fall 2014
 
"Refashioned" Art212
"Refashioned" Art212"Refashioned" Art212
"Refashioned" Art212
 

Recently uploaded

Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
mikedanoffice
 
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen StageAbraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
DiaDan Holdings Ltd
 
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
0md20cgg
 
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and InspirationOrpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
greendigital
 
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
etycev
 
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptxDivertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
lunaemel03
 
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
greendigital
 
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite GameLeonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
greendigital
 
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
get joys
 
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
x0l4b5ho
 
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
get joys
 
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate PortfolioLeonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
greendigital
 
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma TranscriptUniversity of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
soxrziqu
 
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award WinnerAnasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Diwitya Bajwa
 
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdfTop IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Xtreame HDTV
 
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
sh8tjqt6
 
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
mul1kv5w
 
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting SagaThe Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
greendigital
 
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdfEmcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
subran
 
DIGIDEVTV A New area of OTT Distribution
DIGIDEVTV  A New area of OTT DistributionDIGIDEVTV  A New area of OTT Distribution
DIGIDEVTV A New area of OTT Distribution
joeqsm
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
Odia New Web Series at your fingerprint.
 
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen StageAbraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
 
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
 
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and InspirationOrpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
 
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(AUT毕业证)奥克兰理工大学毕业证如何办理
 
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptxDivertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
Divertidamente SLIDE muito lindo e criativo, pptx
 
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
 
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite GameLeonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
 
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
 
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
定制(mu毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证学历证书原版一模一样
 
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
Sara Saffari: Turning Underweight into Fitness Success at 23
 
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate PortfolioLeonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
 
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma TranscriptUniversity of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
 
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award WinnerAnasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
 
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdfTop IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
 
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
 
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
 
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting SagaThe Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
 
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdfEmcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
Emcee Profile_ Subbu from Bangalore .pdf
 
DIGIDEVTV A New area of OTT Distribution
DIGIDEVTV  A New area of OTT DistributionDIGIDEVTV  A New area of OTT Distribution
DIGIDEVTV A New area of OTT Distribution
 

Ch08 slides

  • 1. Consider your audience’s four broader goals: • security • recognition • professional growth • connectedness Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 1
  • 2. Work within eight constraints: • ethical • legal • political • informational • personnel • financial • time • format and tone Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 2
  • 3. Follow six steps to craft a persuasive argument: • Identify the elements of a persuasive argument. • Use the right kinds of evidence. • Consider opposing viewpoints. • Appeal to emotions responsibly. • Decide where to present the claim. • Understand the role of culture in persuasion. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 3
  • 4. Understand the three elements of a persuasive argument: • The claim—the idea you are communicating. • The evidence—the facts and judgments that support your claim. • The reasoning—the logic that you use to derive the claim from the evidence. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 4
  • 5. Use the right kinds of evidence: • “commonsense” arguments • numerical data • examples • expert testimony Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 5
  • 6. Consider three ways of meeting possible objections to your argument: • Show that the opposing argument is based on illogical reasoning or on inaccurate or incomplete facts. • Show that the opposing argument is valid but less powerful than your own. • Show how the two arguments can be reconciled. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 6
  • 7. Understand the role of culture in persuasion: • Know what each culture regards as a persuasive argument. • Know how each culture structures a persuasive argument. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 7
  • 8. Avoid ten common logical fallacies: • ad hominem argument, or argument against the speaker • argument from ignorance • appeal to pity • argument from authority • circular argument, or begging the question Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 8
  • 9. Avoid ten common logical fallacies (cont.): • either-or argument • ad populum argument, or bandwagon argument • hasty generalization, or inadequate sampling • post hoc reasoning • oversimplifying Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 9
  • 10. Demonstrate four characteristics when creating a professional persona: • cooperativeness • moderation • fair-mindedness • modesty Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 10
  • 11. An example of using words and images to create a persuasive argument Caption: “A young boy works 12-hour days packing mud bricks in Liberia.” Source: U.S. Department of State, 2009 <www.state.gov/documents/organization/123360.pdf>. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 11
  • 12. An example of using an image to convey technical evidence Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2008 <www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id5867>. Chapter 8. Communicating Persuasively © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 12