The document outlines the processes and methods of data collection, emphasizing the importance of accurate, systematic gathering and evaluation of information relevant to research objectives. It discusses various aspects, such as types of data, selection of collection methods, evaluation criteria, and principles governing data processing. Additionally, it contrasts qualitative data analysis by highlighting its advantages and disadvantages.

1. INTRODUCTION:

2. DEFINITION:
 data:
the pieces of information obtained in a
study.
 data collection:
identification of subjects and precise,
systematic gathering of information relevant
to the research purpose or the specific
objectives, questions, or hypotheses of a
study.

3. CONCEPT OF DATA COLLECTION
 Data are the observable and measurable
facts that provide information about
phenomenon understudy For example, when
physical growth of infant is the phenomenon
under study, the data to measure about
physical growth would be the body weight,
height, chest, and head circumferences.

4. CONT…
 The question that need to be answered are:
What are the indicators? How will they be
measured or recorded? What is analysis
planned? The five ‘Wh’ of data collection
are:
 What data is to be collected?
 From whom data is to be collected?
 Who will collect data?
 From where the data will be collected?
 When is the data to be collected?

5. KEY DIMENTION OF DATA COLLECTION METHODS:
 Structure
 Quantifiability
 Obtrusiveness.
 Objectivity.

6. NEED OF THE DATA COLLECTION
 some example of any research study are:
 the types of the patient admitted in
hospital or attended for OPD in hospital.
 the items of drugs and medical supplies
required for the hospital management.
 the quantity of each material required for
a unit of output in hospital.
 the sex, age, social class, religion, income
level of respondents in a health care
recipient behavior study.

7. CONT…
 the opinions of eligible couple on birth
control devices (family planning survey)
 the capital expenditure proposals considered
by a nursing college during a year
 the marks obtained by student of B.Sc.
nursing students in a test on a particular
subject (performances of student)
 the opinion of people on voting in a general
election (opinion roll)
 the types of news read by newspaper
readers (readership survey)

8. SELECTION OF METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION:
 the nature of the study of the subject matter:
 the unit of enquiry:
 the size & spread of the sample:
 scale of the survey:
 the educational level of respondent:
 the type & depth of information to be
collected:
 the availability of skilled and trained
manpower:
 the rate of accuracy and representative nature
of the data required:

9. EVALUATION OF DATA COLECTION METHODS:
 The Efficiency
i.e. the speed & cost of data collection
 data quality & adequacy
i.e. response, rate, accuracy & objectivity
 naturalness of setting
 Anonymity
 interviewer supervision
 control of context & question order
 ability to use visual aids
 potential for controlling variable
 dependence on respondent reading & question order
 ability to use visual aids
 potential for controlling variable
 dependence on respondent's reading &writing ability.

10. ELEMENTS OF DATA COLLECTION:
 Data description
 Existing data
 Format
 Metadata
 Storage and backup
 Security
 Responsibility
 Intellectual property rights
 Access and sharing
 Audience

11. CONT…
 Selection and retention periods
 Archiving and preservation
 Ethics and privacy
 Budget
 Data organization
 Quality Assurance
 Legal requirements

12. QUALITY CRITERIA:
 Accuracy
 Efficiency
 Effectiveness
 Feasibility and timeliness
 Relevance
 Security
 Utility

13. PURPOSE
 Clarify your data collection goals:
 Develop operational definitions and
procedures:
 Validate the measurement system:
 Begin data collection:
 Continue improving measurement system
and ensure people are following the data
collection guidelines:

14. THE EIGHT PRINCIPLES
 processed fairly and legally;
 processed for limited purposes and in an appropriate
way;
 relevant and sufficient for the purpose;
 accurate;
 kept for as long as is necessary and no longer;
 processed in line with individuals' rights;
 secure, and
 only transferred to other countries that have suitable
data protection controls
 The following explains these principles in more detail:

15. DATA SOURCES:
1) DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
Primary sources:
Secondary sources:
2)FIELD SOURCES
3)HISTORICAL SOURCES:

16. ADVANTAGES OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS:
 Provides depth and detail :
 Creates openness:
 Simulates people's individual experiences:
 Attempts to avoid pre-judgements:

17. DISADVANTAGES OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS:
 Usually fewer people studied:
 Less easy to generalise:
 Difficult to make systematic comparisons:
 Dependent on skills of the researcher: