A Family of Reactive-Cognitive Architectures based on Natural Language Processing, as Decision-Making Helpers for IoT, in the Closed- or Open-World Assumption.
This document provides an introduction to discrete probability and some key concepts:
- Probability distributions assign probabilities to outcomes in a finite sample space. The probabilities of all outcomes must sum to 1.
- Events are subsets of the sample space, and their probability is the sum of the probabilities of the outcomes they contain.
- Random variables are functions that map outcomes to random outcomes in another set. They induce a probability distribution on the range.
- Independence means the joint probability of two events or random variables is the product of their individual probabilities.
- The XOR of two strings performs bitwise addition modulo 2. XORing a value with a random string yields a random result.
- The birthday paradox shows that the
Dependent Types and Dynamics of Natural LanguageDaisuke BEKKI
The document discusses dependent types and dynamics in natural language semantics. It provides an overview of Dependent Type Semantics (DTS), which takes a proof-theoretic approach to semantics. DTS uses dependent types to provide a unified analysis of inferences and anaphora resolution. The document explains how DTS handles various phenomena involving anaphora and dynamic semantics, such as E-type anaphora and donkey anaphora, through the use of underspecified terms and type checking.
Dependent Type Semantics and its Davidsonian extensionsDaisuke BEKKI
Dependent type semantics (DTS; Bekki 2014, Bekki and Mineshima 2017) is a framework of proof-theoretic semantics of natural language based on dependent type theory, following the line of Sundholm (1986) and Ranta (1994). Unlike the previous works, DTS attains compositionality/lexicalization as required to serve as the semantic component for modern formal grammars by adopting mechanisms of underspecified types. In DTS, presupposition projection reduces to type checking, anaphora resolution/presupposition binding to proof search, suggesting further correspondences between natural language semantics and type theory. I will also discuss the extension of DTS to Davidsonian event semantics and its consequences for analyzing event anaphora.
First-order logic (FOL) is a formal system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science to represent knowledge about domains involving objects and relations. FOL extends propositional logic with quantifiers and predicates to describe properties of and relations between objects. Well-formed formulas in FOL involve constants, variables, functions, predicates, quantifiers, and logical connectives. The meaning and truth of FOL statements is determined with respect to a structure called a model that specifies a domain of objects and interpretations of symbols. FOL can be used to represent knowledge about many different domains and perform logical inference.
This document provides an outline and overview of Whitney Vandiver's dissertation defense on the ontological semantics of English quantifiers. The defense will cover motivations for studying quantification, ontological semantic technology used to represent quantification, and the semantic behavior of quantification in English. Key points covered include different types of definite and relative quantification, how quantification is represented using semantic structures and text-meaning representations, and categorization of quantifiers based on parameters like the concept being quantified, time, iteration, and relativity.
Dependent Types and Dynamics of Natural LanguageDaisuke BEKKI
The document discusses dependent type semantics (DTS) as a framework for natural language semantics. DTS takes a proof-theoretic approach and uses dependent types to provide unified treatments of anaphora and general inferences. The key aspects of DTS are that it uses dependent functions and products to represent anaphora and other context-dependent phenomena compositionally, while maintaining a correspondence to natural language syntax. Underspecified terms are used for lexical items to retrieve contexts during type checking and semantic composition. Examples show how DTS can provide representations of E-type and donkey anaphora through dependent types.
Rd sharma-class-11-maths-chapter-1-sets (1)Sarravanan R
This document provides solutions to exercises from Chapter 1 on Sets from the RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths textbook. The first exercise defines the difference between a collection and a set and identifies which of several examples are sets based on whether they are well-defined. The second exercise involves describing sets in roster form and set-builder form. The third exercise lists the elements of various sets defined in set-builder form.
This document provides an introduction to discrete probability and some key concepts:
- Probability distributions assign probabilities to outcomes in a finite sample space. The probabilities of all outcomes must sum to 1.
- Events are subsets of the sample space, and their probability is the sum of the probabilities of the outcomes they contain.
- Random variables are functions that map outcomes to random outcomes in another set. They induce a probability distribution on the range.
- Independence means the joint probability of two events or random variables is the product of their individual probabilities.
- The XOR of two strings performs bitwise addition modulo 2. XORing a value with a random string yields a random result.
- The birthday paradox shows that the
Dependent Types and Dynamics of Natural LanguageDaisuke BEKKI
The document discusses dependent types and dynamics in natural language semantics. It provides an overview of Dependent Type Semantics (DTS), which takes a proof-theoretic approach to semantics. DTS uses dependent types to provide a unified analysis of inferences and anaphora resolution. The document explains how DTS handles various phenomena involving anaphora and dynamic semantics, such as E-type anaphora and donkey anaphora, through the use of underspecified terms and type checking.
Dependent Type Semantics and its Davidsonian extensionsDaisuke BEKKI
Dependent type semantics (DTS; Bekki 2014, Bekki and Mineshima 2017) is a framework of proof-theoretic semantics of natural language based on dependent type theory, following the line of Sundholm (1986) and Ranta (1994). Unlike the previous works, DTS attains compositionality/lexicalization as required to serve as the semantic component for modern formal grammars by adopting mechanisms of underspecified types. In DTS, presupposition projection reduces to type checking, anaphora resolution/presupposition binding to proof search, suggesting further correspondences between natural language semantics and type theory. I will also discuss the extension of DTS to Davidsonian event semantics and its consequences for analyzing event anaphora.
First-order logic (FOL) is a formal system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science to represent knowledge about domains involving objects and relations. FOL extends propositional logic with quantifiers and predicates to describe properties of and relations between objects. Well-formed formulas in FOL involve constants, variables, functions, predicates, quantifiers, and logical connectives. The meaning and truth of FOL statements is determined with respect to a structure called a model that specifies a domain of objects and interpretations of symbols. FOL can be used to represent knowledge about many different domains and perform logical inference.
This document provides an outline and overview of Whitney Vandiver's dissertation defense on the ontological semantics of English quantifiers. The defense will cover motivations for studying quantification, ontological semantic technology used to represent quantification, and the semantic behavior of quantification in English. Key points covered include different types of definite and relative quantification, how quantification is represented using semantic structures and text-meaning representations, and categorization of quantifiers based on parameters like the concept being quantified, time, iteration, and relativity.
Dependent Types and Dynamics of Natural LanguageDaisuke BEKKI
The document discusses dependent type semantics (DTS) as a framework for natural language semantics. DTS takes a proof-theoretic approach and uses dependent types to provide unified treatments of anaphora and general inferences. The key aspects of DTS are that it uses dependent functions and products to represent anaphora and other context-dependent phenomena compositionally, while maintaining a correspondence to natural language syntax. Underspecified terms are used for lexical items to retrieve contexts during type checking and semantic composition. Examples show how DTS can provide representations of E-type and donkey anaphora through dependent types.
Rd sharma-class-11-maths-chapter-1-sets (1)Sarravanan R
This document provides solutions to exercises from Chapter 1 on Sets from the RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths textbook. The first exercise defines the difference between a collection and a set and identifies which of several examples are sets based on whether they are well-defined. The second exercise involves describing sets in roster form and set-builder form. The third exercise lists the elements of various sets defined in set-builder form.
The document discusses the history of object-oriented programming. It describes early computing projects like Project Whirlwind that used interactive computing. It then discusses Ivan Sutherland's 1963 PhD thesis called Sketchpad, which is considered a precursor to object-oriented programming. Sketchpad used the concept of objects and components to allow for interactive drawing with a light pen on a computer screen. The general functions developed in Sketchpad gave it the ability to operate on different types of entities, laying the foundations for object-oriented programming.
This document discusses tensor decomposition with Python. It begins by explaining what tensor decomposition and factorization are, and how they can be used to represent multi-dimensional datasets and perform dimensionality reduction. It then discusses matrix and tensor factorization methods like NMF, topic modeling, and CP/PARAFAC decomposition. The remainder of the document provides examples of tensor decomposition using Python tools and libraries, and discusses applications to analyzing temporal network and sensor data.
The document discusses various techniques for performing inference in first-order logic, including:
1) Propositionalization, which maps first-order sentences to propositional logic sentences to apply propositional reasoning methods.
2) Unification, which finds substitutions to make atomic formulas match and is used for generalized modus ponens.
3) Generalized modus ponens and forward chaining, which are used to derive new sentences from a knowledge base by applying inference rules until a goal is reached.
The document discusses inference in first-order logic. It explains that knowledge bases can be propositionalized by mapping first-order sentences to propositional logic sentences. This allows inference methods from propositional logic, like resolution, to be applied to first-order logic knowledge bases. Unification is introduced as a way to find substitutions that allow literals in the knowledge base to match a query. The most general unifier is used to reduce queries against a knowledge base.
On the smallest enclosing information diskFrank Nielsen
Frank Nielsen and Richard Nock. 2008. On the smallest enclosing information disk. Inf. Process. Lett. 105, 3 (January 2008), 93-97. DOI=10.1016/j.ipl.2007.08.007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2007.08.007
Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a technique in natural language processing, in particular distributional semantics, of analyzing relationships between a set of documents and the terms they contain by producing a set of concepts related to the documents and terms.
Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck: a high-rank RNN Language ModelSsu-Rui Lee
My paper presentation slides of a nice paper in ICLR 2018. (2018/05/02 in IDEA Lab)
Paper Information:
Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck: a high-rank RNN Language Model
Zhilin Yang, Zihang Dai, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, William W. Cohen
https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03953
The document discusses several topics in natural language processing including distributional semantics, language models, word embeddings, and neural network models like word2vec. It introduces techniques for distributional semantics using distributional properties of words from large datasets. Language models are discussed including n-gram models and language class models that incorporate word classes. Word embedding techniques like word2vec are introduced for generating word vectors using neural networks.
This document discusses natural language processing tasks related to analyzing fictional languages from the book series A Song of Ice and Fire. It presents code samples in Python using the NLTK library to process text samples in Dothraki, Astapori Valyrian, and High Valyrian: cleaning and tokenizing text, calculating word frequencies, and extracting phonological features to compare across the languages. It also analyzes a sample of Assamese text to determine positional restrictions and frequency of certain sounds. The document concludes with proposals for further work incorporating the phonological features into language classifiers.
Generating a high quality Chaotic sequence is crucial to the success of the Superefficient Monte Carlo Simulation methodology. In this slides, we discuss how to numerically generates Chebychev Chaotic Sequence with arbitrary precision, and proposed a highly efficient parallel implementation.
The document describes a pipeline for semantic processing of natural language that begins with parsing text, creates a predicate logic meaning representation, converts it to PENMAN notation, and then performs generation to produce an output parse tree and string. It illustrates this process on English sentences, showing how a meaning representation is constructed from parsed input and then used to generate the same parsed output. The pipeline can also perform translation by changing the language used for generation. It discusses how meaning representations are constructed from parsed trees using Treebank Semantics and how the representations are then prepared and structured for generation to reconstruct the parse trees and sentences.
The Comprehensive Guide to Validating Audio-Visual Performances.pdfkalichargn70th171
Ensuring the optimal performance of your audio-visual (AV) equipment is crucial for delivering exceptional experiences. AV performance validation is a critical process that verifies the quality and functionality of your AV setup. Whether you're a content creator, a business conducting webinars, or a homeowner creating a home theater, validating your AV performance is essential.
A Comprehensive Guide on Implementing Real-World Mobile Testing Strategies fo...kalichargn70th171
In today's fiercely competitive mobile app market, the role of the QA team is pivotal for continuous improvement and sustained success. Effective testing strategies are essential to navigate the challenges confidently and precisely. Ensuring the perfection of mobile apps before they reach end-users requires thoughtful decisions in the testing plan.
Stork Product Overview: An AI-Powered Autonomous Delivery FleetVince Scalabrino
Imagine a world where instead of blue and brown trucks dropping parcels on our porches, a buzzing drove of drones delivered our goods. Now imagine those drones are controlled by 3 purpose-built AI designed to ensure all packages were delivered as quickly and as economically as possible That's what Stork is all about.
Strengthening Web Development with CommandBox 6: Seamless Transition and Scal...Ortus Solutions, Corp
Join us for a session exploring CommandBox 6’s smooth website transition and efficient deployment. CommandBox revolutionizes web development, simplifying tasks across Linux, Windows, and Mac platforms. Gain insights and practical tips to enhance your development workflow.
Come join us for an enlightening session where we delve into the smooth transition of current websites and the efficient deployment of new ones using CommandBox 6. CommandBox has revolutionized web development, consistently introducing user-friendly enhancements that catalyze progress in the field. During this presentation, we’ll explore CommandBox’s rich history and showcase its unmatched capabilities within the realm of ColdFusion, covering both major variations.
The journey of CommandBox has been one of continuous innovation, constantly pushing boundaries to simplify and optimize development processes. Regardless of whether you’re working on Linux, Windows, or Mac platforms, CommandBox empowers developers to streamline tasks with unparalleled ease.
In our session, we’ll illustrate the simple process of transitioning existing websites to CommandBox 6, highlighting its intuitive features and seamless integration. Moreover, we’ll unveil the potential for effortlessly deploying multiple websites, demonstrating CommandBox’s versatility and adaptability.
Join us on this journey through the evolution of web development, guided by the transformative power of CommandBox 6. Gain invaluable insights, practical tips, and firsthand experiences that will enhance your development workflow and embolden your projects.
Flutter vs. React Native: A Detailed Comparison for App Development in 2024dhavalvaghelanectarb
Choosing the right framework for your cross-platform mobile app can be a tough decision. Both Flutter and React Native offer compelling features and have earned their place in the development world. Here is a detailed comparison to help you weigh their strengths and weaknesses. Here are the pros and cons of developing mobile apps in React Native vs Flutter.
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
How GenAI Can Improve Supplier Performance Management.pdfZycus
Data Collection and Analysis with GenAI enables organizations to gather, analyze, and visualize vast amounts of supplier data, identifying key performance indicators and trends. Predictive analytics forecast future supplier performance, mitigating risks and seizing opportunities. Supplier segmentation allows for tailored management strategies, optimizing resource allocation. Automated scorecards and reporting provide real-time insights, enhancing transparency and tracking progress. Collaboration is fostered through GenAI-powered platforms, driving continuous improvement. NLP analyzes unstructured feedback, uncovering deeper insights into supplier relationships. Simulation and scenario planning tools anticipate supply chain disruptions, supporting informed decision-making. Integration with existing systems enhances data accuracy and consistency. McKinsey estimates GenAI could deliver $2.6 trillion to $4.4 trillion in economic benefits annually across industries, revolutionizing procurement processes and delivering significant ROI.
Penify - Let AI do the Documentation, you write the Code.KrishnaveniMohan1
Penify automates the software documentation process for Git repositories. Every time a code modification is merged into "main", Penify uses a Large Language Model to generate documentation for the updated code. This automation covers multiple documentation layers, including InCode Documentation, API Documentation, Architectural Documentation, and PR documentation, each designed to improve different aspects of the development process. By taking over the entire documentation process, Penify tackles the common problem of documentation becoming outdated as the code evolves.
https://www.penify.dev/
The document discusses the history of object-oriented programming. It describes early computing projects like Project Whirlwind that used interactive computing. It then discusses Ivan Sutherland's 1963 PhD thesis called Sketchpad, which is considered a precursor to object-oriented programming. Sketchpad used the concept of objects and components to allow for interactive drawing with a light pen on a computer screen. The general functions developed in Sketchpad gave it the ability to operate on different types of entities, laying the foundations for object-oriented programming.
This document discusses tensor decomposition with Python. It begins by explaining what tensor decomposition and factorization are, and how they can be used to represent multi-dimensional datasets and perform dimensionality reduction. It then discusses matrix and tensor factorization methods like NMF, topic modeling, and CP/PARAFAC decomposition. The remainder of the document provides examples of tensor decomposition using Python tools and libraries, and discusses applications to analyzing temporal network and sensor data.
The document discusses various techniques for performing inference in first-order logic, including:
1) Propositionalization, which maps first-order sentences to propositional logic sentences to apply propositional reasoning methods.
2) Unification, which finds substitutions to make atomic formulas match and is used for generalized modus ponens.
3) Generalized modus ponens and forward chaining, which are used to derive new sentences from a knowledge base by applying inference rules until a goal is reached.
The document discusses inference in first-order logic. It explains that knowledge bases can be propositionalized by mapping first-order sentences to propositional logic sentences. This allows inference methods from propositional logic, like resolution, to be applied to first-order logic knowledge bases. Unification is introduced as a way to find substitutions that allow literals in the knowledge base to match a query. The most general unifier is used to reduce queries against a knowledge base.
On the smallest enclosing information diskFrank Nielsen
Frank Nielsen and Richard Nock. 2008. On the smallest enclosing information disk. Inf. Process. Lett. 105, 3 (January 2008), 93-97. DOI=10.1016/j.ipl.2007.08.007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2007.08.007
Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a technique in natural language processing, in particular distributional semantics, of analyzing relationships between a set of documents and the terms they contain by producing a set of concepts related to the documents and terms.
Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck: a high-rank RNN Language ModelSsu-Rui Lee
My paper presentation slides of a nice paper in ICLR 2018. (2018/05/02 in IDEA Lab)
Paper Information:
Breaking the Softmax Bottleneck: a high-rank RNN Language Model
Zhilin Yang, Zihang Dai, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, William W. Cohen
https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03953
The document discusses several topics in natural language processing including distributional semantics, language models, word embeddings, and neural network models like word2vec. It introduces techniques for distributional semantics using distributional properties of words from large datasets. Language models are discussed including n-gram models and language class models that incorporate word classes. Word embedding techniques like word2vec are introduced for generating word vectors using neural networks.
This document discusses natural language processing tasks related to analyzing fictional languages from the book series A Song of Ice and Fire. It presents code samples in Python using the NLTK library to process text samples in Dothraki, Astapori Valyrian, and High Valyrian: cleaning and tokenizing text, calculating word frequencies, and extracting phonological features to compare across the languages. It also analyzes a sample of Assamese text to determine positional restrictions and frequency of certain sounds. The document concludes with proposals for further work incorporating the phonological features into language classifiers.
Generating a high quality Chaotic sequence is crucial to the success of the Superefficient Monte Carlo Simulation methodology. In this slides, we discuss how to numerically generates Chebychev Chaotic Sequence with arbitrary precision, and proposed a highly efficient parallel implementation.
The document describes a pipeline for semantic processing of natural language that begins with parsing text, creates a predicate logic meaning representation, converts it to PENMAN notation, and then performs generation to produce an output parse tree and string. It illustrates this process on English sentences, showing how a meaning representation is constructed from parsed input and then used to generate the same parsed output. The pipeline can also perform translation by changing the language used for generation. It discusses how meaning representations are constructed from parsed trees using Treebank Semantics and how the representations are then prepared and structured for generation to reconstruct the parse trees and sentences.
The Comprehensive Guide to Validating Audio-Visual Performances.pdfkalichargn70th171
Ensuring the optimal performance of your audio-visual (AV) equipment is crucial for delivering exceptional experiences. AV performance validation is a critical process that verifies the quality and functionality of your AV setup. Whether you're a content creator, a business conducting webinars, or a homeowner creating a home theater, validating your AV performance is essential.
A Comprehensive Guide on Implementing Real-World Mobile Testing Strategies fo...kalichargn70th171
In today's fiercely competitive mobile app market, the role of the QA team is pivotal for continuous improvement and sustained success. Effective testing strategies are essential to navigate the challenges confidently and precisely. Ensuring the perfection of mobile apps before they reach end-users requires thoughtful decisions in the testing plan.
Stork Product Overview: An AI-Powered Autonomous Delivery FleetVince Scalabrino
Imagine a world where instead of blue and brown trucks dropping parcels on our porches, a buzzing drove of drones delivered our goods. Now imagine those drones are controlled by 3 purpose-built AI designed to ensure all packages were delivered as quickly and as economically as possible That's what Stork is all about.
Strengthening Web Development with CommandBox 6: Seamless Transition and Scal...Ortus Solutions, Corp
Join us for a session exploring CommandBox 6’s smooth website transition and efficient deployment. CommandBox revolutionizes web development, simplifying tasks across Linux, Windows, and Mac platforms. Gain insights and practical tips to enhance your development workflow.
Come join us for an enlightening session where we delve into the smooth transition of current websites and the efficient deployment of new ones using CommandBox 6. CommandBox has revolutionized web development, consistently introducing user-friendly enhancements that catalyze progress in the field. During this presentation, we’ll explore CommandBox’s rich history and showcase its unmatched capabilities within the realm of ColdFusion, covering both major variations.
The journey of CommandBox has been one of continuous innovation, constantly pushing boundaries to simplify and optimize development processes. Regardless of whether you’re working on Linux, Windows, or Mac platforms, CommandBox empowers developers to streamline tasks with unparalleled ease.
In our session, we’ll illustrate the simple process of transitioning existing websites to CommandBox 6, highlighting its intuitive features and seamless integration. Moreover, we’ll unveil the potential for effortlessly deploying multiple websites, demonstrating CommandBox’s versatility and adaptability.
Join us on this journey through the evolution of web development, guided by the transformative power of CommandBox 6. Gain invaluable insights, practical tips, and firsthand experiences that will enhance your development workflow and embolden your projects.
Flutter vs. React Native: A Detailed Comparison for App Development in 2024dhavalvaghelanectarb
Choosing the right framework for your cross-platform mobile app can be a tough decision. Both Flutter and React Native offer compelling features and have earned their place in the development world. Here is a detailed comparison to help you weigh their strengths and weaknesses. Here are the pros and cons of developing mobile apps in React Native vs Flutter.
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
How GenAI Can Improve Supplier Performance Management.pdfZycus
Data Collection and Analysis with GenAI enables organizations to gather, analyze, and visualize vast amounts of supplier data, identifying key performance indicators and trends. Predictive analytics forecast future supplier performance, mitigating risks and seizing opportunities. Supplier segmentation allows for tailored management strategies, optimizing resource allocation. Automated scorecards and reporting provide real-time insights, enhancing transparency and tracking progress. Collaboration is fostered through GenAI-powered platforms, driving continuous improvement. NLP analyzes unstructured feedback, uncovering deeper insights into supplier relationships. Simulation and scenario planning tools anticipate supply chain disruptions, supporting informed decision-making. Integration with existing systems enhances data accuracy and consistency. McKinsey estimates GenAI could deliver $2.6 trillion to $4.4 trillion in economic benefits annually across industries, revolutionizing procurement processes and delivering significant ROI.
Penify - Let AI do the Documentation, you write the Code.KrishnaveniMohan1
Penify automates the software documentation process for Git repositories. Every time a code modification is merged into "main", Penify uses a Large Language Model to generate documentation for the updated code. This automation covers multiple documentation layers, including InCode Documentation, API Documentation, Architectural Documentation, and PR documentation, each designed to improve different aspects of the development process. By taking over the entire documentation process, Penify tackles the common problem of documentation becoming outdated as the code evolves.
https://www.penify.dev/
Nashik's top web development company, Upturn India Technologies, crafts innovative digital solutions for your success. Partner with us and achieve your goals
Photoshop Tutorial for Beginners (2024 Edition)alowpalsadig
Photoshop Tutorial for Beginners (2024 Edition)
Explore the evolution of programming and software development and design in 2024. Discover emerging trends shaping the future of coding in our insightful analysis."
Here's an overview:Introduction: The Evolution of Programming and Software DevelopmentThe Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in CodingAdopting Low-Code and No-Code PlatformsQuantum Computing: Entering the Software Development MainstreamIntegration of DevOps with Machine Learning: MLOpsAdvancements in Cybersecurity PracticesThe Growth of Edge ComputingEmerging Programming Languages and FrameworksSoftware Development Ethics and AI RegulationSustainability in Software EngineeringThe Future Workforce: Remote and Distributed TeamsConclusion: Adapting to the Changing Software Development LandscapeIntroduction: The Evolution of Programming and Software Development
Photoshop Tutorial for Beginners (2024 Edition)Explore the evolution of programming and software development and design in 2024. Discover emerging trends shaping the future of coding in our insightful analysis."Here's an overview:Introduction: The Evolution of Programming and Software DevelopmentThe Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in CodingAdopting Low-Code and No-Code PlatformsQuantum Computing: Entering the Software Development MainstreamIntegration of DevOps with Machine Learning: MLOpsAdvancements in Cybersecurity PracticesThe Growth of Edge ComputingEmerging Programming Languages and FrameworksSoftware Development Ethics and AI RegulationSustainability in Software EngineeringThe Future Workforce: Remote and Distributed TeamsConclusion: Adapting to the Changing Software Development LandscapeIntroduction: The Evolution of Programming and Software Development
The importance of developing and designing programming in 2024
Programming design and development represents a vital step in keeping pace with technological advancements and meeting ever-changing market needs. This course is intended for anyone who wants to understand the fundamental importance of software development and design, whether you are a beginner or a professional seeking to update your knowledge.
Course objectives:
1. **Learn about the basics of software development:
- Understanding software development processes and tools.
- Identify the role of programmers and designers in software projects.
2. Understanding the software design process:
- Learn about the principles of good software design.
- Discussing common design patterns such as Object-Oriented Design.
3. The importance of user experience (UX) in modern software:
- Explore how user experience can improve software acceptance and usability.
- Tools and techniques to analyze and improve user experience.
4. Increase efficiency and productivity through modern development tools:
- Access to the latest programming tools and languages used in the industry.
- Study live examples of applications
Streamlining End-to-End Testing Automation with Azure DevOps Build & Release Pipelines
Automating end-to-end (e2e) test for Android and iOS native apps, and web apps, within Azure build and release pipelines, poses several challenges. This session dives into the key challenges and the repeatable solutions implemented across multiple teams at a leading Indian telecom disruptor, renowned for its affordable 4G/5G services, digital platforms, and broadband connectivity.
Challenge #1. Ensuring Test Environment Consistency: Establishing a standardized test execution environment across hundreds of Azure DevOps agents is crucial for achieving dependable testing results. This uniformity must seamlessly span from Build pipelines to various stages of the Release pipeline.
Challenge #2. Coordinated Test Execution Across Environments: Executing distinct subsets of tests using the same automation framework across diverse environments, such as the build pipeline and specific stages of the Release Pipeline, demands flexible and cohesive approaches.
Challenge #3. Testing on Linux-based Azure DevOps Agents: Conducting tests, particularly for web and native apps, on Azure DevOps Linux agents lacking browser or device connectivity presents specific challenges in attaining thorough testing coverage.
This session delves into how these challenges were addressed through:
1. Automate the setup of essential dependencies to ensure a consistent testing environment.
2. Create standardized templates for executing API tests, API workflow tests, and end-to-end tests in the Build pipeline, streamlining the testing process.
3. Implement task groups in Release pipeline stages to facilitate the execution of tests, ensuring consistency and efficiency across deployment phases.
4. Deploy browsers within Docker containers for web application testing, enhancing portability and scalability of testing environments.
5. Leverage diverse device farms dedicated to Android, iOS, and browser testing to cover a wide range of platforms and devices.
6. Integrate AI technology, such as Applitools Visual AI and Ultrafast Grid, to automate test execution and validation, improving accuracy and efficiency.
7. Utilize AI/ML-powered central test automation reporting server through platforms like reportportal.io, providing consolidated and real-time insights into test performance and issues.
These solutions not only facilitate comprehensive testing across platforms but also promote the principles of shift-left testing, enabling early feedback, implementing quality gates, and ensuring repeatability. By adopting these techniques, teams can effectively automate and execute tests, accelerating software delivery while upholding high-quality standards across Android, iOS, and web applications.
Hands-on with Apache Druid: Installation & Data Ingestion StepsservicesNitor
Supercharge your analytics workflow with https://bityl.co/Qcuk Apache Druid's real-time capabilities and seamless Kafka integration. Learn about it in just 14 steps.
Why Apache Kafka Clusters Are Like Galaxies (And Other Cosmic Kafka Quandarie...Paul Brebner
Closing talk for the Performance Engineering track at Community Over Code EU (Bratislava, Slovakia, June 5 2024) https://eu.communityovercode.org/sessions/2024/why-apache-kafka-clusters-are-like-galaxies-and-other-cosmic-kafka-quandaries-explored/ Instaclustr (now part of NetApp) manages 100s of Apache Kafka clusters of many different sizes, for a variety of use cases and customers. For the last 7 years I’ve been focused outwardly on exploring Kafka application development challenges, but recently I decided to look inward and see what I could discover about the performance, scalability and resource characteristics of the Kafka clusters themselves. Using a suite of Performance Engineering techniques, I will reveal some surprising discoveries about cosmic Kafka mysteries in our data centres, related to: cluster sizes and distribution (using Zipf’s Law), horizontal vs. vertical scalability, and predicting Kafka performance using metrics, modelling and regression techniques. These insights are relevant to Kafka developers and operators.
DECODING JAVA THREAD DUMPS: MASTER THE ART OF ANALYSISTier1 app
Are you ready to unlock the secrets hidden within Java thread dumps? Join us for a hands-on session where we'll delve into effective troubleshooting patterns to swiftly identify the root causes of production problems. Discover the right tools, techniques, and best practices while exploring *real-world case studies of major outages* in Fortune 500 enterprises. Engage in interactive lab exercises where you'll have the opportunity to troubleshoot thread dumps and uncover performance issues firsthand. Join us and become a master of Java thread dump analysis!
Consistent toolbox talks are critical for maintaining workplace safety, as they provide regular opportunities to address specific hazards and reinforce safe practices.
These brief, focused sessions ensure that safety is a continual conversation rather than a one-time event, which helps keep safety protocols fresh in employees' minds. Studies have shown that shorter, more frequent training sessions are more effective for retention and behavior change compared to longer, infrequent sessions.
Engaging workers regularly, toolbox talks promote a culture of safety, empower employees to voice concerns, and ultimately reduce the likelihood of accidents and injuries on site.
The traditional method of conducting safety talks with paper documents and lengthy meetings is not only time-consuming but also less effective. Manual tracking of attendance and compliance is prone to errors and inconsistencies, leading to gaps in safety communication and potential non-compliance with OSHA regulations. Switching to a digital solution like Safelyio offers significant advantages.
Safelyio automates the delivery and documentation of safety talks, ensuring consistency and accessibility. The microlearning approach breaks down complex safety protocols into manageable, bite-sized pieces, making it easier for employees to absorb and retain information.
This method minimizes disruptions to work schedules, eliminates the hassle of paperwork, and ensures that all safety communications are tracked and recorded accurately. Ultimately, using a digital platform like Safelyio enhances engagement, compliance, and overall safety performance on site. https://safelyio.com/
1. A Family of Reactive-Cognitive Architectures based on Natural
Language Processing, as Decision-Making Helpers for IoT, in the
Closed- or Open-World Assumption
Ph.D. Thesis Defense
Candidate: Carmelo Fabio Longo
Advisor: Corrado Santoro
February 17, 2022
5. • High deductive capabilities
• Physical interaction with the environment
• Meta-Reasoning in conceptual spaces for the task of decision-
making
• Session Awareness
• History Awareness
• Consciousness
6.
7. • High deductive capabilities
• Physical interaction with the environment
• Meta-Reasoning in conceptual spaces for the task of decision-
making
• Session Awareness
• History Awareness
• Consciousness
8. [1] P. Thagard. “Critical thinking and informal logic: Neuropsychological perspectives.” In: Informal logic, 51
(2011), pp. 152–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v31i3.3398.
14. [1] Carmelo Fabio Longo, Francesco Longo, Corrado Santoro “CASPAR: towards Decision Making Helpers Agents for IoT, based on Natural Language
and First Order Logic Reasoning”, in Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, 2021.
15. • Language
• Complex Planning
• Deductive Reasoning
• Differential equations
• Statistics
• Signal Processing
Meta-Reasoning
CASPAR: Cognitive Architecture System Planned and Reactive
16. • High deductive capabilities
• Physical interaction with the environment
• Meta-Reasoning in conceptual spaces for the task of decision-making
• Session Awareness
• History Awareness
• Consciousness
17.
18. A pipeline of five modules with the task of taking a sound stream in
natural language and translating it in a neo-davidsonian First Order
Logic (FOL) expression inheriting the shape from the event-based
formal representation of Davidson[1].
[1] D. Davidson, “The logical form of action sentences,” in The logic of decision and action, p. 81–95, University of Pittsburg Press,
1967.
Brutus stabbed suddenly Caesar in the agora
∃e stabbed(e, Brutus, Caesar) ⋀ suddenly(e) ⋀ in(e, agora)
e = davidsonian variable
19. The MST Builder, has the purpose to build a novel semantic structure
defined as Macro Semantic Table (MST). It summarizes in a canonical
shape all the semantic features in a sentence, by leveraging a step-by-
step dependencies analysis, in order to derive FOL expressions.
MST(u) = {ACTIONS, VARLIST, PREPS, BINDS, COMPS, CONDS}
ACTIONS = [(label𝑘, e𝑘, x𝑖 , x𝑗),...]
VARLIST = [(x1, label1),...(x𝑛, label𝑛)]
PREPS = [(label𝑗, (e𝑘 | x𝑖), x𝑗),...]
BINDS = [(label𝑖, label𝑗),...]
COMPS = [(label𝑖, label𝑗),...]
CONDS = [e1, e2,...]
where u = utterance in natural language
21. • Managed by the BDI Framework PHIDIAS
• The Speech-To-Text (STT) Front-End: Beliefs generator
• Each Sensor Instance: it asserts specific beliefs related to
sensors, such as:
• Microphones
• Temperature sensors
• Video Capturing
• Etc.
22. Set the cooler at 27 degrees in the bedroom
set:VB(d1, __, x1) ⋀ cooler:NN(x1) ⋀ at:IN(d1, x2) ⋀ 27:CD(x2) ⋀
degree:NNS(x2) ⋀ in:IN(x2, x3) ⋀ bedroom:NN(x3)
INTENT(set, cooler, bedroom, (at 26 degree))
Translation Service
Direct Command Parser
23. Turn off the lights in the living room, when the temperature
is 25 and the time is 12
be:VBZ(d2, x3, x4) ⋀ be:VBZ(d3, x5, x6) ⋀ temperature:NN(x3) ⋀
25:CD(x4) ⋀ time:NN(x5) ⋀ 12:CD(x6) ⟹ turn:VB(d1, __, x1) ⋀ off:RP(d1)
⋀ light:NNS(x1) ⋀ in:IN(d1, x2) ⋀ living:NN(x2) ⋀ room:NN(x2)
COND(337538, be, temperature, 25), COND(337538, be, time, 12)
ROUTINE(337538, turn, light, living room, off)
Translation Service
Routines Command Parser
24. COND(337538, be, temperature, 25), COND(337538, be, time, 12)
ROUTINE(337538, turn, light, living room, off)
Asserted by Sensor Instances:
+SENSOR(be, temperature, 25)
+SENSOR(be, time, 12)
INTENT(turn, light, living room, off)
25. shines:VBZ(e1, x1, __) ⋀ sun:NN(x1) ⋀ strongly:RB(e1) ⟹ is:VBZ(e2, x3 , x4)
⋀ Robert:NN(x3) ⋀ happy:JJ(x4)
Definite clauses Builder
shine:VBZ(sun:NN(x1), __) ⟹ be:VBZ(Robert:NNP(x3), happy:JJ(x4))
When the sun shines strongly, Robert is happy
Translation Service
26. • He likes to eat a bass
• He likes to play the bass
PROBLEM: where “bass” is intended as fish and where as musical
instrument?
27. INSIGHT: in a common sense words embedding, the bag of
words (context) used for the gloss/examples related to a
synset comprising a lemma, should be likely vectorial
closer (among all synsets comprising that lemma) to
another bag of words making effective usage of such a
lemma (in a similar context).
28. Unsupervised [1] naive “bag of words” strategy, taking in account of the higher word2vect similarity (sim)
for each lemma l of the sentence S (depending of the richness of the domain):
[1] Navigli, R., 2009. Word sense disambiguation: A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 41 (2), 10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1459352.1459355.
29. • He likes to eat a bass
Like.v.05:VBZ_Feed.v.06:VB(He:PRP(x1), Sea_bass.n.01:NN(x2))
• He likes to play the bass
Like.v.05:VBZ_Play.v.18:VB(He:PRP(x1), Bass.n.07:NN(x2))
Where the glosses are:
Sea_bass.n.01: the lean flesh of a saltwater fish of the family Serranidae
Bass.n.07: the member with the lowest range of a family of musical instruments
30.
31. # turn off the light in the kitchen
+INTENT(X, "light", "kitchen", T) / lemma_in_syn(X, "change_state.v.01") >>
[exec_cmd("change_state.v.01", "light", "kitchen", T)
# turn off the light in the garage
+INTENT(X, "alarm", "garage", T) / (lemma_in_syn(X, "change_state.v.01") &
eval_cls("At_IN(Be_VBP(Person_NN(x1), __), Home_NN(x2))")) >>
[exec("change_state.v.01", "alarm", "garage", T)]
where:
• X = Verb, T = parameters
• eval_cls(C) is an Active belief = True if C can be deducted from Clauses KB, False otherwise
• At_IN(Be_VBP(Person_NN(x1), __), Home_NN(x2)) represents the sentence: A person is
at home
32.
33. • Nono is an hostile nation
• Colonel West is American
• missiles are weapons
• Colonel West sells missiles to Nono
• When an American sells weapons to a hostile nation, that American is a criminal
• Be(Nono(x1), Hostile(Nation(x2)))
• Be(Colonel_West(x1), American(x2))
• Be(Missile(x1), Weapon(x2))
• To(Sell(Colonel_West(x1), Missile(x2)), Nono(x3))
• To(Sell(American(x1), Weapon(x2)), Hostile(Nation(x3)) ⟹ Be(American(x4), Criminal(x5))
Clauses KB
Question: Colonel West is a criminal?
Query: Be(Colonel_West(x1), Criminal(x2)) ? FALSE!
[1] P.N. Stuart J. Russell, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Pearson, 2010, Chapter 9.3.
34. Roy_NNP(y) ⟹ man_NN(y) Assignment Rule
Roy_NNP(y) ⟹ man_NN(y)
talk_VBZ(Roy_NNP(x1), woman_NN(x2))
Clauses KB:
talk_VBZ(Roy_NNP(x1), woman_NN(x2)) ⟹ talk_VBZ(man_NN(x1), woman_NN(x2))
Assert implicitly
be:VBZ(e1, x1, x2) ∧ Roy:NNP(x1) ∧ man:NN(x2)
Roy is a man
If the lemma be is disambiguated with be.v.01, which is defined by its gloss as: have the quality of being
[something], we can assert implicitly the following clause:
(Roy talk with a woman)
(Roy talk with a woman ⟹ A man talk with a woman)
35. Having a simple KB as it follows:
𝑃1(𝐺1(x1)) ⋀ 𝑃2(𝐺2(x2)) ⟹ 𝑃3(𝐹3(x3))
𝑃1(𝐹1(x1))
𝑃2(𝐹2(x2))
Clause Conceptual Generalization of KB is:
𝑃1(𝐺1 1(x1)) ⋀ 𝑃2(𝐺2(x2)) ⟹ 𝐹3(x3)
𝐹1(x1)
𝐹2(x2)
𝑃1, 𝑃2, 𝑃3 can be considered as modifiers of respectively 𝐹1, 𝐹2, 𝐹3.
The body (or left hand-side) of the implication is unchanged to hold the quality of the axiom.
36. When the sun shines hard, Barbara drinks slowly a fresh lemonade
Hard(Shine(Sun(x1), __)) ⟹ Drink(Barbara(x3), Lemonade(x4))
Hard(Shine(Sun(x1), __)) ⟹ Slowly(Drink(Barbara(x3), Lemonade(x4)))
Hard(Shine(Sun(x1), __)) ⟹ Drink(Barbara(x3), Fresh(Lemonade(x4)))
Hard(Shine(Sun(x1), __)) ⟹ Slowly(Drink(Barbara(x3), Fresh(Lemonade(x4))))
Generalizations
41. Table: real-time performances (in seconds) in the case of the command: turn off the alarm in the garage, subordinated
by the query: Colonel West is a criminal? (reasoning on the prior KB)
RESULTS: we had just −0.11% loss of performance on Raspberry Pi4 B (4GB) than respect to Intel i5-6600K
CONCLUSION: in a Caspar-based IoT system, the real-time performances will depend mostly on both responsiveness of
the actuators devices and quality of the Internet connection (by using Google API Cloud).
43. 1. Due to KB expansions, large ones can be hard to manage.
2. CASPAR is just able of logic deduction, because it works only in
the presence of unifiable predicates. No feedback for possible close
results.
44. [1] C. Santoro, Carmelo Fabio Longo. “AD-CASPAR: Abductive-Deductive Cognitive Architecture based on Natural Language and First Order Logic Reasoning”. In: 4th
Workshop on Natural Language for Artificial Intelligence (NL4AI2020) co-located with the 19th International Conference of the Italian association for Artificial
Intelligence (AI*IA 2020). 2020.
45. • Affermative/Interrogative questions
• Margot said the truth about her life? → Logical form
• Auxiliary+Affermative Affermative/Interrogative questions
• Has Margot said the truth about her life? → Auxiliary removal → Logical form
✓ First dependency analysis: aux(said, Has)
Logical forms
• Plain
❖ Say_VBD(Margot_NNP(x1), About_IN(Truth_NN(x2), Her_PRP__Life_NN(x3)))
• Disambiguated
❖ State.v.01_VBD(Margot_NNP(x1), About_IN(Truth.n.03_NN(x2), Her_PRP__Animation.n.01_NN(x3)))
46. 1. Dependencies analysys of the question
2. Splitting into chunks as it follow, starting from the delimiters [AUX] and [ROOT] which
are in general are always present in a wh-question:
[PRE AUX][AUX][POST AUX][ROOT][POST ROOT][COMPL ROOT]
3. Ricombination of the chunk by the means of production rules (QA-Shifter) respecting
the grammatical features of the current language, but in assertion-shape.
4. Introduction of additional adverbs (in case of where and when)+Dummy word
5. Simetric version of 3. for copular[1] verbs
Steps to deal with wh-questions (when, where, what, who, how):
[1] a non-transitive verb but identifying the subject with the object in the scope of a verbal phrases (like be)
47. Who could be the president of America?
The chunks are:
[PRE AUX][could][POST AUX][be][the president of America][COMPL ROOT]
with AUX= could, ROOT=be, POST_ROOT=the president of America
Such a wh-question will trigger a QA-Shifter rule to product the following two assertions:
Dummy could be the president of America
The president of America could be Dummy
48. The Translation Service, during parsing, will impose the Part-of-Speech DM to Dummy, whose
parsing is not expected by the Clauses Builder, thus it will discarded. At the end of this process, as
FOL expression of the query we'll have the following literal:
Be_VBZ(Biden_NNP(x1), x2)
Hight Clauses KB:
Be_VBZ(Biden_NNP(x3), Of_IN(President_NN(x4), America_NNP(x5))), ……
Reasoning (Backward-Chaining):
x1: x3, x2: Of_IN(President_NN(x4), America_NNP(x5))
which contains, in correspondence of the variable x2, the logic representation of the snippet:
president of America as possible and correct answer.
49. Low Clauses KB record (stored in a NoSQL db) for a sentence S in natural language:
▪ S: sentence
▪ C: nested definite clause of S
▪ Feat𝒄: vector labels of C
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝐶 =
| ځ(𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝒒,𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝒄)|
|𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝒒|
Low Clauses KB High Clauses KB
definite clause C
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝐶 < threshold
50.
51. Realtime cognitive performances (in seconds) considering:
Question: Colonel West is a Criminal? (on the prior KB)
Confidence threshold: 0.6
where:
• West25: colonel West KB (expanded) made of 25 clauses
• West104: West25 + 78 unrelated clauses
• West303: West25 + 278 unrelated clauses
RESULTS
1. 0.416 > 0.378: it is expected such bias to be increased for larger
knowledge bases. Hence, LKB+HKB works better than just HKB.
2. It permits at the same time abduction as pre-stage of deduction,
in order to give back closer results also in presence of non-
successful reasoning.
53. 1. KB expansion depends on clauses assertions order.
2. Such architectures are suitable only in scenarios with the Closed-
World Assumption.
54. CASPAR: meta-reasoning in a conceptual space based on
natural language processing, whose content is made of facts
and axioms in first-order logic with the closed-world
assumption
SW-CASPAR: meta-reasoning in a conceptual space
based on natural language processing, whose content is made
of shared ontologies with the open-world assumption
(Semantic Web)
Transposition
[1] C. F. Longo, C. Santoro, D. F. Santamaria, M. N. Asmundo, and D. Cantone. “Towards Ontological Interoperability of Cognitive IoT Agents, based
on Natural Language Processing”, in Intelligenza Artificiale, IOS Press, 2022. [ACCEPTED]
55.
56. Modelling an ontology reflecting a domain, by means of a description in natural language of the
domain itself, with the aim of human-fashioned reasoning.
BIASES (lacks, noisy, etc)
• Manual
• Cooperative
• Semi-automatic
• Automatic (probably not feasible [1])
[1] A. Browarnik, O. Maimon, Ontology learning from text, in: The First International Conference on Big Data, Small Data, Linked
Data and Open Data, 2015.
57. Biases of Ontology Learning for the aim of human-like fashioned reasoning:
• Nonexistent objects representation
• An information and its complement present in the KB
• Deverbal Nominalization
• “Robert walked down the street” VS “Robert had a walk down the street”
• Deadjectival Nominalization
• “the friends are happy” VS “happy friends”.
• Others[1]
[1] F. Moltmann, Natural language ontology, 2017. URL: https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-
9780199384655-e-330. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.330
58. L.O.D.O. (Linguistic Oriented Davidsonian Ontology). Can be
considered a foundational ontology, i.e., a specific type of
ontology designed to model high-level and domain
independent categories about the real world.
59. A set of triples in OWL 2 made by the following classes, properties and instances:
• Verb
• hasId (instance of Id)
• hasSubj (instance of Entity)
• hasObj (instance of Entity)
• hasAdv (instance of Adverb)
• hasPrep (instance of Preposition)
• Id
• Entity
• hasAdj (instance of Adjective)
• hasPrep (instance of Preposition)
• Adverb
• Adjective
• Preposition
• hasObj (instance of Entity)
60. A group of axioms (or part of them) implicitly created by SW-CASPAR, with the aim of
increasing the chances of reasoning. In the presence of the following FOL expression:
Subject:POS(x1) ∧ Cop:POS(e1, x1, x2) ∧ Object:POS(x2)
The Ontology Builder will assert the following SWRL axiom:
Subject(?x) -> Object(?x)
where Cop is copular verb (such as Be, for instance), i.e., an intransitive verb but
identifying its subject with its object; hence, in this case, the class membership of the
verb’s object will be inherited by the subject.
61. Such rules are implicitly asserted together with the Assignment Rules, to let a copular verb’s
subject inherits both adjectives and prepositions properties of the verb’s object.
Formally, considering Subject(?x) -> Object(?x), the corresponding legacy rule will be the
following:
Subject(?x2), Object(?x1), hasAdj(?x1, ?x3), Adjective(?x3) -> hasAdj(?x2, ?x3)
Subject(?x2), Object(?x1), hasPrep(?x1, ?x3), Adjective(?x3) -> hasPrep(?x2, ?x3)
62. • In the presence of an instance of Adjective, such rule asserts a new deadjectivated
instance of the latter as new membership of the adjective related noun. Formally:
Entity(?x1), hasAdj(?x1, ?x2), Adjective(?x2) -> Entity(?x2)
• In the presence of an instance of Verb, such rules assert a new deverbalized
instance of the latter having the same entities as the former, by the means of a
semantic production rules system supported by specific dictionary (in progress of
development).
63. The production rule of the Ontology Builder for such rules assertion takes into account the
following pattern:
Subject(𝑥𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦) ∧... ⟹ Subject(𝑥𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗 ) ∧ Object(𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑗) ∧ Cop(𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑝, 𝑥𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗 , 𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑗)
permitting the formal assertion of the following pattern:
Subject(?𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑗), ... -> Object(?𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑗)
Example: when a dog awake the man, the dog is hungry
Result: in the presence of the verbal phrase: the dog awake the man, an instance related to
dog will acquire implicitly the membership to the class hungry.
64. • Value Giver statement: such a statement contributes to give a value to a data property
hasValue related to a specified individual, which is parsed by the Ontology Builder by
matching the following pattern of beliefs:
GND(FLAT, X, Y), ADJ(FLAT, X, "Equal"), PREP(FLAT, X, "To", S), VALUE(FLAT, S, V)
The property hasValue might be involved in comparison operations in the composition
of a SWRL axiom.
• Comparison Conditional: are parsed from sentences similarly to the Value Giver
Statement, but they will take place within the body of Implicative Copular Rules.
65. Robinson Crusoe is a patient
Robinson Crusoe has diastolic blood pressure equal to 150
When a patient has diastolic blood pressure greater than 140, the patient is hypertensive
66.
67.
68. +INTENT("Rinazina", P) / eval_sem(P, "Hypertensive")) » [say("Nope. Patient is hypertensive")]
+INTENT("Rinazina", P) » [exec_cmd("Rinazina", P), say("execution successful")]
Meta-Reasoning (Active Belief)
Command: Give Rinazina to P (P= patient) SW-CASPAR: +INTENT("Rinazina", P)
72. Together with soundness and time performances, two criteria from the state-of-
the-art have been also used for evalution with good results:
• MGC[1] (Minimal Cognitive Grid)
• SMM [2] (Standard Model of Mind)
CONCLUSION: CASPAR is a powerful startpoint to build complex cognitive
architectures, with an hybrid sub-symbolic/symbolic approach, based on natural
language processing.
[1] A. Lieto. Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds. Routledge, 2021. Chap. 3.
[2] Laird, J. E., Lebiere, C., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2017). A Standard Model of the Mind: Toward a Common Computational Framework across Artificial
Intelligence, Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, and Robotics. AI Magazine, 38(4), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v38i4.2744
74. A Family of Reactive-Cognitive Architectures based on Natural
Language Processing, as Decision-Making Helpers for IoT, in the
Closed- or Open-World Assumption
Ph.D. Thesis Defense
Candidate: Carmelo Fabio Longo
Advisor: Corrado Santoro
February 17, 2022