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 tipI: deficienta absoluta de insulina, fara
insulina evolutie obligatorie spre cetoacidoza
 tipII: rezistenta la insulina + deficit,
cetoacidoza doar in conditii de stres(trauma,
infectii)
Diagnostic DZ: - G>126mg/dl a jeun
- G>200mg/dl cu poliurie,
polidipsie, scadere in greutate , masurata in
orice moment al zilei
- TTG la 2 ore G>200mg/dl
- hemoglobina glicozilata >=6,5%
- 100<G<126 - prediabet

 Cauze :- erori de tratament
- infectii, trauma majora, sarcina, chirurgie, AVC, IMA,
HDS
- erori de alimentatie
- droguri: cocaina, steroide, tiazide, antipsihotice,
simpatomimetice(dopamina, terbutalina)
 Clinic: - deshidratare, turgor cutanat diminuat, tegumente,
mucoase uscate
- tahicardie, hTA ortostatica
- tahipnee (compensarea acidozei metabolice)
- halena caracteristica, acetonemica “de fructe”
- greturi, varsaturi, dureri abdominale(AAC)
- alterarea st. de constienta(corelata mai ales cu
osmolaritatea(>320mosm/kg), nu cu acidoza
 glicemie >250 mg/dl
 bicarbonat < 15 mEq/l
 pH < 7,3 cu cetonurie, corpi cetonici sg
 Gap anionic > 10
- K scazut, scade si mai mult in urma trat cu ins.
- Na scazut, trebuie corectat in functie de
valoarea glicemiei cu 1,6 pentru fiecare 100mg
gluc>100mg/dl si cu 2,4 pt. fiecare
100mg>400mg/dl
Nac=Nam+[1,6x(G-100)/100], respectiv
2,4>400mg/dl
- Ca , Mg, P scazut
1.REHE: terapia agresiva cu fluide trebuie inceputa
inaintea primirii rezultatelor de laborator
- deficit de apa 100ml/kg(5-10l)
- deficit de Na 7-10 mEq/kg
Ser fiziologic 1l în 30 min.
1l în 1h 30 min
2l în 2-6 h
2l în 6- 12 h
50% din deficit corectat in primele 12 h
La glicemie de 250-300 G5% pe a doua vena
Cei cu deficit de apa mai mic,insuf. cardiaca, insuf.
renala: repletie mai redusa:500ml/h in 4 ore
2.Potasiu: -deficit de K 3-5 mEq/l
!!hK severa e cea mai periculoasa complicatie a
tratamentului CAD!!
a) K < 3,3 mEq/l: - KCl 10-15 mEq/h,
insulina se incepe doar dupa ce K>3,3mEq/l
b) K = 3,5-5,3mEq/l – KCl 10 mEq/h minim 4
ore
c) K > 5,5mEq/l – nu se administreaza K
- are semnificatie de acidoza profunda (pentru
fiecare scadere a pH cu 0,1 - K creste cu 0,5),
depletie volemica accentuata, insuficienta
renala
Dupa ce pacientul tolereaza fluide po , se poate
administra K po 100-200mg in primele 24
ore.
3. Insulină:
- bolus 0,1U/kg urmata de pev
0,1U/kg/h(dacaKa>3,3)
G trebuie sa scada cu 50-75mg/h, daca nu, se
dubleaza doza de pev. sau se adm. un bolus
de 0,2-0,4U/kg iv
Pev. se continua pana cetonemia dispare si GA
se normalizeaza,nu pana cand scade G, la
G<250 :iv. G5%
GA <15, se poate trece pe insulina sc. ,
inceputa inaintea intreruperii pev.
4. Fosfati: nu se administreaza de rutina
Pseric< 1mg/dl, se administreaza
1ml/hK2PO4(4.4mEq K +93mg P/ml)
5.Magneziu: MgSO4 2g iv, daca Mg<2mg/dl
6.Bicarbonat:nu de rutina
- Daca pH<7 si scade in ciuda tratamentului, se face
diagnostic diferential cu alte cauze de acidoza
metabolica
- Indicatii:- pH<6,9
- HK severa, coma
- contractilitate Mc scazuta+ VD periferica
7. Tratamentul bolilor precipitante: infectii, IMA
 Complicatii: - ARDS, TVP
- hipoglicemie, hipoK, hipoP
- edem cerebral- cefalee,
incontinenta, letargie, tulb. de comportament,
HTA, bradicardie, convulsii, tulb. de
termoreglare- mai frecvent la copii
Manitol 1-2 g/kg, restrictie lichidiana, IOT
- sepsa
Mortalitate:
- varstnici:-complicatii cardio-pulmonare
- sepsa
-copii, tineri:- edem cerecbal

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CETOACIDOZA DIABETICA.pptx

  • 1.
  • 2.  tipI: deficienta absoluta de insulina, fara insulina evolutie obligatorie spre cetoacidoza  tipII: rezistenta la insulina + deficit, cetoacidoza doar in conditii de stres(trauma, infectii) Diagnostic DZ: - G>126mg/dl a jeun - G>200mg/dl cu poliurie, polidipsie, scadere in greutate , masurata in orice moment al zilei - TTG la 2 ore G>200mg/dl - hemoglobina glicozilata >=6,5% - 100<G<126 - prediabet
  • 3.
  • 4.  Cauze :- erori de tratament - infectii, trauma majora, sarcina, chirurgie, AVC, IMA, HDS - erori de alimentatie - droguri: cocaina, steroide, tiazide, antipsihotice, simpatomimetice(dopamina, terbutalina)  Clinic: - deshidratare, turgor cutanat diminuat, tegumente, mucoase uscate - tahicardie, hTA ortostatica - tahipnee (compensarea acidozei metabolice) - halena caracteristica, acetonemica “de fructe” - greturi, varsaturi, dureri abdominale(AAC) - alterarea st. de constienta(corelata mai ales cu osmolaritatea(>320mosm/kg), nu cu acidoza
  • 5.  glicemie >250 mg/dl  bicarbonat < 15 mEq/l  pH < 7,3 cu cetonurie, corpi cetonici sg  Gap anionic > 10 - K scazut, scade si mai mult in urma trat cu ins. - Na scazut, trebuie corectat in functie de valoarea glicemiei cu 1,6 pentru fiecare 100mg gluc>100mg/dl si cu 2,4 pt. fiecare 100mg>400mg/dl Nac=Nam+[1,6x(G-100)/100], respectiv 2,4>400mg/dl - Ca , Mg, P scazut
  • 6. 1.REHE: terapia agresiva cu fluide trebuie inceputa inaintea primirii rezultatelor de laborator - deficit de apa 100ml/kg(5-10l) - deficit de Na 7-10 mEq/kg Ser fiziologic 1l în 30 min. 1l în 1h 30 min 2l în 2-6 h 2l în 6- 12 h 50% din deficit corectat in primele 12 h La glicemie de 250-300 G5% pe a doua vena Cei cu deficit de apa mai mic,insuf. cardiaca, insuf. renala: repletie mai redusa:500ml/h in 4 ore
  • 7. 2.Potasiu: -deficit de K 3-5 mEq/l !!hK severa e cea mai periculoasa complicatie a tratamentului CAD!! a) K < 3,3 mEq/l: - KCl 10-15 mEq/h, insulina se incepe doar dupa ce K>3,3mEq/l b) K = 3,5-5,3mEq/l – KCl 10 mEq/h minim 4 ore c) K > 5,5mEq/l – nu se administreaza K - are semnificatie de acidoza profunda (pentru fiecare scadere a pH cu 0,1 - K creste cu 0,5), depletie volemica accentuata, insuficienta renala Dupa ce pacientul tolereaza fluide po , se poate administra K po 100-200mg in primele 24 ore.
  • 8. 3. Insulină: - bolus 0,1U/kg urmata de pev 0,1U/kg/h(dacaKa>3,3) G trebuie sa scada cu 50-75mg/h, daca nu, se dubleaza doza de pev. sau se adm. un bolus de 0,2-0,4U/kg iv Pev. se continua pana cetonemia dispare si GA se normalizeaza,nu pana cand scade G, la G<250 :iv. G5% GA <15, se poate trece pe insulina sc. , inceputa inaintea intreruperii pev.
  • 9. 4. Fosfati: nu se administreaza de rutina Pseric< 1mg/dl, se administreaza 1ml/hK2PO4(4.4mEq K +93mg P/ml) 5.Magneziu: MgSO4 2g iv, daca Mg<2mg/dl 6.Bicarbonat:nu de rutina - Daca pH<7 si scade in ciuda tratamentului, se face diagnostic diferential cu alte cauze de acidoza metabolica - Indicatii:- pH<6,9 - HK severa, coma - contractilitate Mc scazuta+ VD periferica 7. Tratamentul bolilor precipitante: infectii, IMA
  • 10.
  • 11.  Complicatii: - ARDS, TVP - hipoglicemie, hipoK, hipoP - edem cerebral- cefalee, incontinenta, letargie, tulb. de comportament, HTA, bradicardie, convulsii, tulb. de termoreglare- mai frecvent la copii Manitol 1-2 g/kg, restrictie lichidiana, IOT - sepsa Mortalitate: - varstnici:-complicatii cardio-pulmonare - sepsa -copii, tineri:- edem cerecbal