cervical erosion

1. CERVICAL
EROSION

2. ● ECTROPION.
● CERVICITIS.
● POLYPS.
● WARTS.
● NABOTHIAN CYSTS.
● MYOMAS.
● MICROGLANDULAR HYPER………
● CERVICAL STENOSIS.
BENING LESIONS OF CERVIX

3. • Cervical ectropion is a condition where cells from inside
the cervix form a red, inflamed patch on the outside the
cervix. Also known as cervical erosion, cervical ectropion
is not usually a health concern. However, because of the
way it looks, it can be hard to distinguish from the early
stages of cervical cancer. For this reason, it is essential to
understand the difference between the two conditions.
• This presentation explores the causes, symptoms, and
treatments for cervical ectropion.
INTRODUCTION

4. Cervical ectropion (also known as cervical erosion and
ectopy) is a common condition caused when cells from inside the
cervical canal, known as glandular cells (soft cells), are present
on the outside surface of the cervix (neck of the womb).
Cervical ectropion can be caused by hormonal changes, pregnancy
and being on the pill.
It is not linked to the development of cervical cancer or any other
condition that causes cancer.
DEFINITION

6. • Some women are born with cervical ectropion. It may also be
caused by:
• Hormonal changes: Cervical ectropion may be caused by
fluctuations in hormone levels and is most common in women
who are of reproductive age. Women who have gone
through menopause rarely get cervical ectropion.
• Taking the contraceptive pill: Taking birth control pills affects a
person's hormone levels and may cause cervical ectropion.
• Pregnancy: Being pregnant may also cause cervical ectropion
due to the changes in hormone levels.
• The symptoms of cervical ectropion are caused by the delicate
glandular cells that appear on the outside of the cervix. They
produce mucus and bleed easily, which may lead to spotting and
Causes

8. • It is thought that cervical ectropion is induced by high levels
of oestrogen. Therefore, factors that increase the risk of
ectropion are related to those that increase levels of oestrogen:
• Use of the combined oral contraceptive pill
• Pregnancy
• Adolescence
• Menstruating age (it is uncommon in post-menopausal women)
•
Risk Factors

9. Etiology and Pathophysiology
• The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus. It is composed of
two regions; the ectocervix and the endocervical canal.
• Endocervical canal (endocervix) – the more proximal, and
‘inner’ part of the cervix. It is lined by a mucus-secreting simple
columnar epithelium.
• Ectocervix – the part of cervix that projects into the vagina. It is
normally lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized
epithelium.
• In cervical ectropion, the stratified squamous cells of the
ectocervix undergo metaplastic change to become simple
columnar epithelium (the same as the endocervix). This change is
thought to be induced by high levels of oestrogen.
• The columnar epithelium contains mucus-secreting glands, and
thus some individuals with cervical ectropion experience

10. • The primary symptom of cervical ectropion is a red, inflamed
patch at the neck of the cervix — the transformation zone.
• The transformation zone looks red and inflamed because the
glandular cells are red, delicate, and easily irritated.
• Other symptoms a woman may experience include:
• pain during sex
• bleeding during or after sex
• light discharge of mucus
• spotting between periods
SYMPTOMS

11. • Some women will only have mild symptoms, while others
experience more severe discomfort.
• It is important to note that cervical ectropion is not the
only cause of symptoms such as these. If a woman has any
of the above symptoms, it is a good idea to speak with a
doctor to rule out more serious causes.

12. • Pap test: Also known as a Pap smear, this involves a
healthcare professional scraping a small sample of cells
from the cervix to test for human papillomavirus (HPV)
and cancerous or precancerous cell changes.
• Colposcopy: This is when a healthcare professional
examines the cervix more closely with bright lighting and
a magnifying instrument.
• Biopsy: This is when a small tissue sample is taken and
tested for cancerous cells. A woman may experience
cramping during the procedure.
DIAGNOSIS

13. • Cervical ectropion is a clinical diagnosis. The main role of any
investigation is to exclude other potential diagnoses:
• Pregnancy test
• Triple swabs – if there is any suggestion of infection (such as
purulent discharge), endocervical and high vaginal swabs should
be taken.
• Cervical smear – to rule out cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. If
a frank lesion is observed, a biopsy should be taken (note that
biopsies are not performed as routine).
INVESTIGATIONS

14. • Cervical ectropion is not a harmful condition and does not
usually require treatment.
• There are three different versions of cauterization therapy:
• Diathermy: This uses heat to cauterize the affected area.
• Cryotherapy: This uses very cold carbon dioxide to freeze the
affected area. A 2016 Study found this to be an effective
treatment for women with cervical ectropion who were
experiencing a lot of discharge.
• Silver nitrate: This is another way to cauterize the glandular
cells.
TREATMENT

15. After the treatment, the doctor may recommend that a woman
avoids some sexual activity and using tampons for up to 4 weeks.
After this time, her cervix should have healed.
• If a woman experiences any of the following after the treatment,
she should go back to the doctor:
• discharge that smells bad
• heavy bleeding (more than a average period)
• ongoing bleeding

16. MANAGEMENT
Cervical ectropion is regarded as a normal variant, and does
not require treatment unless symptomatic.
First-line treatment is to stop any oestrogen containing
medications – most commonly thecombined oral
contraceptive pill. This is effective in the majority of cases.
If symptoms persist, the columnar epithelium can be ablated,
typically using cryotherapy or electrocautery. This will result
in significant vaginal discharge until healing is completed.
Medication to acidify the vaginal pH has been suggested, such
as boric acid pessaries.

17. ● To assess the patient condition and explain to the patient .
● Cervical ectopic is very common during pregnancy . Pregnant
women are more likely to experience signs and symptoms due to
hormonal changes and high levels oestrogen in their body .
Although those changes are common, any unusual discharger
bleeding in pregnancy should be investigated by patient GP.
midwife or early pregnancy unit ensure there is no other cause of
the bleeding.
● To advice the patient to medications – most commonly the
combined oral contraceptive pills.
● It is important that patient will be invited for routine cervical
screening ,patient should attend . This helps to assess the patient
cervix regularly and check for any abnormal cells or changes that
NURSING MANAGEMENT

18. THANK
YOU….