CERVICAL INCOMP-WPS Office.pptx
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Cervical incompetence is defined as spontaneous dilation of the cervix leading to pre-term delivery. It is caused by weakening or shortening of the cervical length below normal ranges of 3-4.5 cm. Diagnosis involves measuring cervical length via transvaginal ultrasound and identifying funneling of the internal cervical os. Treatment options include cervical cerclage to stitch the cervix closed or progesterone supplementation to help prevent pre-term birth. Precise diagnosis can be challenging due to factors like overfilled bladders compressing the cervical canal.
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Cervical insufficiency
This document discusses cervical insufficiency, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Cervical insufficiency is the inability of the cervix to retain a pregnancy due to structural or functional defects in the absence of labor contractions. It can be congenital or acquired due to conditions like cervical trauma. Diagnosis involves history, examination finding an open cervix, and transvaginal ultrasound to measure cervical length. Treatment options include cervical cerclage surgery to provide structural support to the cervix, progesterone to help maintain the cervix, or a pessary. Cerclage is indicated for women with a history suggestive of cervical insufficiency or a short cervix on ultrasound.
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Cervical insufficiency, also known as cervical incompetence, is a condition where the cervix is unable to retain a pregnancy at term due to a functional or structural defect. It is characterized by painless dilatation of the cervix resulting in premature rupture of membranes and delivery, usually occurring in the second or third trimester. Cervical cerclage procedures aim to surgically suture the cervix closed to prevent premature opening. There are several techniques for cervical cerclage placement depending on the location and indication, including McDonald, Shirodkar, emergency/rescue cerclages, and pessary or balloon alternatives. Cerclage procedures can be done through the vagina or abdomen depending
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Cervical incompetence is premature dilation of the cervix during pregnancy before labor begins. It affects 0.1-2% of pregnancies and causes around 15% of preterm births between 16-28 weeks. While the cause is often unknown, it can be due to congenital weaknesses, prior trauma, or connective tissue disorders. Diagnosis relies on history of preterm births and physical findings like dilation of the cervix when not pregnant. Cervical cerclage placement is the standard treatment and involves surgically stitching the cervix closed to prevent premature dilation. The document discusses various cerclage techniques and their appropriate uses.
Obstetrical ultrasound
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Жирэмсний эрт үеийн хүндрэлийн хэт авиан оношилгоо.pptx
Ultrasound in early pregnancy is used to assess:
1. Normal aspects such as gestational sac size and viability by detecting a heartbeat.
2. Abnormalities including ectopic pregnancies, molar pregnancies, and hemorrhages.
3. Dating the pregnancy accurately in the first trimester by measuring the mean sac diameter or crown-rump length.
4. Detecting multiple pregnancies and diagnosing chorionicity and zygosity.
5. Screening for fetal abnormalities such as thickened nuchal translucency which is used to detect Down syndrome.
Prolonged labour – cpd, fetal malposition and
1) Prolonged labor is defined as labor exceeding 18 hours for the first and second stages combined. It can be caused by cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) where the fetal head is too large for the maternal pelvis.
2) CPD can be absolute due to a permanently contracted pelvis or relative due to fetal malpositions or malpresentations. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of labor or cesarean section.
3) Careful monitoring during labor is important when there is suspected CPD to detect complications early and intervene if needed to deliver the baby safely.
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Cervical insufficiency
This document discusses cervical insufficiency, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Cervical insufficiency is the inability of the cervix to retain a pregnancy due to structural or functional defects in the absence of labor contractions. It can be congenital or acquired due to conditions like cervical trauma. Diagnosis involves history, examination finding an open cervix, and transvaginal ultrasound to measure cervical length. Treatment options include cervical cerclage surgery to provide structural support to the cervix, progesterone to help maintain the cervix, or a pessary. Cerclage is indicated for women with a history suggestive of cervical insufficiency or a short cervix on ultrasound.
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Cervical insufficiency, also known as cervical incompetence, is a condition where the cervix is unable to retain a pregnancy at term due to a functional or structural defect. It is characterized by painless dilatation of the cervix resulting in premature rupture of membranes and delivery, usually occurring in the second or third trimester. Cervical cerclage procedures aim to surgically suture the cervix closed to prevent premature opening. There are several techniques for cervical cerclage placement depending on the location and indication, including McDonald, Shirodkar, emergency/rescue cerclages, and pessary or balloon alternatives. Cerclage procedures can be done through the vagina or abdomen depending
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Cervical incompetence is premature dilation of the cervix during pregnancy before labor begins. It affects 0.1-2% of pregnancies and causes around 15% of preterm births between 16-28 weeks. While the cause is often unknown, it can be due to congenital weaknesses, prior trauma, or connective tissue disorders. Diagnosis relies on history of preterm births and physical findings like dilation of the cervix when not pregnant. Cervical cerclage placement is the standard treatment and involves surgically stitching the cervix closed to prevent premature dilation. The document discusses various cerclage techniques and their appropriate uses.
Obstetrical ultrasound
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Жирэмсний эрт үеийн хүндрэлийн хэт авиан оношилгоо.pptx
Ultrasound in early pregnancy is used to assess:
1. Normal aspects such as gestational sac size and viability by detecting a heartbeat.
2. Abnormalities including ectopic pregnancies, molar pregnancies, and hemorrhages.
3. Dating the pregnancy accurately in the first trimester by measuring the mean sac diameter or crown-rump length.
4. Detecting multiple pregnancies and diagnosing chorionicity and zygosity.
5. Screening for fetal abnormalities such as thickened nuchal translucency which is used to detect Down syndrome.
Prolonged labour – cpd, fetal malposition and
1) Prolonged labor is defined as labor exceeding 18 hours for the first and second stages combined. It can be caused by cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) where the fetal head is too large for the maternal pelvis.
2) CPD can be absolute due to a permanently contracted pelvis or relative due to fetal malpositions or malpresentations. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of labor or cesarean section.
3) Careful monitoring during labor is important when there is suspected CPD to detect complications early and intervene if needed to deliver the baby safely.
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The document discusses contracted pelvis, including definitions, types, causes, effects on pregnancy and labor, and management. Anatomically, a contracted pelvis has one or more essential diameters shortened by at least 0.5 cm. Obstetrically, it alters normal labor mechanism. Contracted pelvises can be classified as flat, rachitic, osteomalacic, or asymmetrical. Causes include nutritional deficiencies. Effects include slower labor, operative deliveries, and maternal and fetal risks. Management depends on degree of contraction and may include induction, cesarean section, or trial labor.
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Cervical incompetence, or premature cervical dilation, can complicate 0.1-2% of pregnancies and cause 15% of preterm births between 16-28 weeks. While the exact cause is often unknown, it may result from congenital cervical weakness, trauma, or DES exposure. Diagnosis is based on recurrent second trimester miscarriage without other identifiable causes. Treatment options include bed rest or a cervical cerclage procedure to stitch the cervix closed and prolong the pregnancy. Cerclage placement can be elective, urgent based on cervical shortening, or emergency if dilation has already begun. The McDonald and Shirodkar techniques are most common, with choice depending on cervical anatomy and prior trauma. Cer
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Breech 2021
Contact Me
Telegram: https://t.me/OBGYN_Note_Book Or https://t.me/Hanybal2021
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/obgyn.books
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/bjlomsecond
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXyr7omX-DZ8cTixpQeYvcQ/videos
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
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7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
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9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
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Normal labor and delivery is defined as the spontaneous expulsion of a single, mature fetus through the birth canal within 3-18 hours without complications to the mother or fetus. Labor involves 3 stages - the first stage is cervical dilation, the second stage is baby's descent and birth, and the third stage involves delivery of the placenta. Uterine contractions increase in frequency and strength during the first stage to dilate the cervix by 1 cm per hour. The fetal head engages and descends through the birth canal during the second stage before birth. The third stage sees delivery of the placenta within 30 minutes.
Breech 2021
Contact Me
Telegram: https://t.me/OBGYN_Note_Book Or https://t.me/Hanybal2021
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/obgyn.books
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/bjlomsecond
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXyr7omX-DZ8cTixpQeYvcQ/videos
Email: bjlomsecond@gmail.com
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
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3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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- 2. Outline 1. Structural Anatomy of Uterus 2. Cervical incompetence Definition 3. Causes 4. diagnosis 5. Pit Falls 6. Remedy
- 3. Structural Anatomy -Uterus,Cervix, Vaginal -Anteriorly Abutted by Bladder - Endometrium,Endocervi cal canal, Vaginal
- 8. Cervical incompetence Definition -Spontaneous dilatation of cervix , pre-term dilation -weakening -Shortening of Cervical length -normal length ~3-4.5, 5cm Increased Cervical length towards delivery can signify post date labour as it suppose to be short for delivery
- 9. Causes Gynaecological trauma History of pre-term labour Uterine Anomalies - Abnormalities that affects the Cervical connective tissue etc
- 10. Diagnosis (,best with TVS) -Cervical length measurement -Endocervical canal- internal os to External Os. (>25mm at or b4 24weeks) -Relationship BTW GA and Cervical Length -Sonographic features Incompetence mnemonics for Cervical Funneling (TYVU) Trust Your Vaginal Ultrasound Normal- T shape Funneling Y, V, and Worsen at U shape
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- 14. Shortened Cervix due to Funneling
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- 22. Preparation for Labour and delivery. Towards labour Cervical dilatation is normal and called Cervical effacement
- 24. Thank You