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Cervical Carcinoma
- 2. Case:
- 3. Objectives: Overview Cervical carcinoma stage IIIa therapy What disciplines are involved in the treatment process What are their respective tasks? Paramedical disciplines Is there one person who can and should take on the role of ‘case manager’?
- 4. What is Cervical Carcinoma? Epithelial origin cancer The 2 main types of cells: squamous cells, and glandular cells
- 5. Cancer Stage PAP IV Class I Normal Class II Atypical, inflammation or uterine cells seen Class III Dysplastic, mild, moderate or severe Class IV Carcinoma in situ Class V Suspicious for an invasive cancer Stage IIIa
- 6. Chemo-radiation Therapy Stage III cervical carcinoma
- 8. Hyperthermia Therapy Local: Small area. Via microwave, radiofrequency, and ultrasound. Regional: Whole body or large areas. Via perfusion or thermal chambers.
- 9. Disciplines in Cancer Care Multidisciplinary Team
- 10. Medical Team General Practitioner Gynecologist Medical oncologist Radiotherapist Surgeon Pathologist Radiologist Anesthesiologist Preventative & educational care Diagnosis Chemotherapy & Follow ups Radiotherapy Surgical excision Biopsies & microscopic exams Imaging Drugs & pain management
- 11. Paramedical Team Nurses Laboratory workers Psychologists Social workers Physiotherapists Spiritual advisers
- 12. Who can and should take on the role of ‘case manager’?
- 13. Case Manager Coordinates the patient’s care throughout diagnosis, treatment, and recovery The goal: one person directs or oversees the patient’s care
- 14. Summary What have we discussed?
- 16. References National Cancer Institute, available at: www.cancer.gov American Cancer Society, available at: www.cancer.org American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), available at: www.cancer.net Kaplan Pharmacology, Edition of 2010. Robin’s Basic Pathology, 9th Edition
Editor's Notes
- * 60 y/o women, 7 y post menopausal. Has 5 kids. On statin + aspirin b/c of family history of CVD Complaining of light vaginal bleed PAP smear was PAP IV Diagnosed with invasive stage 3a cervical carcinoma
- The cervix connects the body of the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). The 2 main types of cells covering the cervix are squamous cells (on the exocervix) and glandular cells (on the endocervix). The main types of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
- An individual cycle is repeated every 21–28 days and a course of treatment typically comprises six cycles of chemotherapy. Malignant cells have less capacity for repair than normal cells and intermittent dosing exploits the fact that tumour cells recover from cytotoxic damage more slowly than normal cell populations. Each sequential treatment cycle aims to deplete tumour cells, while breaks between cycles give normal stem cells time to recover. Chemotherapy agents act at different stages of the cell cycle and exert their effects primarily by three mechanisms: altering the chemistry of nucleic acids; interfering with DNA or RNA synthesis; disrupting mechanisms of cell division.
- When cells in the body are exposed to higher than normal temperatures, changes take place inside the cells. Warmer temperatures can make the cells more likely to be affected by other treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Very high temperatures can kill cancer cells outright, but they also can injure or kill normal cells and tissues. This is why hyperthermia must be carefully controlled and should be done by doctors who are experienced in using it. Hyperthermia may make some cancer cells more sensitive to radiation or harm other cancer cells that radiation cannot damage
- The multidisciplinary team (MDT) is a group of healthcare professionals who work together to provide high-quality clinical services to patients, increasing efficiency and producing well-rounded care. The core basis of the team is made of up of the health professionals directly involved in the patient’s care, such as physicians, specialist nurses and physiotherapists. The wider team encompasses professionals who have an adjunctive role during the patient’s journey, such as occupational therapists.
- requiring or devoted to medical treatment relating to, or concerned with physicians or the practice of medicine.
- requiring or devoted to medical treatment relating to, or concerned with physicians or the practice of medicine.
- ; often a nurse or cancer nurse specialist. . For example, a case manager may help the patient get through the complexities of the health care system by working with the health insurance company, getting quicker answers to important questions, managing crises, and connecting the patient and family to needed resources.