Centralization refers to decision-making authority being concentrated at higher levels of management, while decentralization distributes authority to lower levels. Centralization allows for better coordination but can slow decisions, while decentralization empowers local managers but reduces uniformity. Most organizations balance these approaches - some decisions require centralization for strategic consistency, while others benefit from decentralization's local knowledge and faster responses. The key is determining which types of decisions are best handled at each level.
Disgruntled employees could affect the company's overall productivity. Before it gets out of hand, here are some clues that should be settled at the earliest opportunity to avoid bigger problems.
Disgruntled employees could affect the company's overall productivity. Before it gets out of hand, here are some clues that should be settled at the earliest opportunity to avoid bigger problems.
Mentors are a secret weapon of young entrepreneurs.
If you have been thinking about how your experience can impact young leaders and increase their chances to succeed, then this is something worth looking into.
Steven Darien serves the Cabot Advisory Group as chief executive officer. In this role, Steven Darien provides companies with strategic guidance in human resources matters such as organizational change.
People who are effective at dealing with conflict are flexible in the way they approach conflict. In this session we explore the five ways that conflict can be approached. Participants complete a conflict profile before this unit to understand their preferred style and approach.
This is an overview of Judith Germain's 6 point plan on how to make HR more credible to the business.
Further information on how to do this or implement a Business Partner Approach can be requested by contacting jude@dynamic-transitions.co.uk
Impression management is a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction
Mentors are a secret weapon of young entrepreneurs.
If you have been thinking about how your experience can impact young leaders and increase their chances to succeed, then this is something worth looking into.
Steven Darien serves the Cabot Advisory Group as chief executive officer. In this role, Steven Darien provides companies with strategic guidance in human resources matters such as organizational change.
People who are effective at dealing with conflict are flexible in the way they approach conflict. In this session we explore the five ways that conflict can be approached. Participants complete a conflict profile before this unit to understand their preferred style and approach.
This is an overview of Judith Germain's 6 point plan on how to make HR more credible to the business.
Further information on how to do this or implement a Business Partner Approach can be requested by contacting jude@dynamic-transitions.co.uk
Impression management is a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction
Ways to help your Call Center employees handle stress EffectivelyTentacle Cloud
Call center managers are often under pressure to get responsibilities completed within the deadlines, sometimes having to work with fewer resources than they would have wished for.
I'm afraid to ask an executive to do a touchy feely management assessmentLeslie S. Pratch
Knowing before or shortly after you invest in a company whether management can do what you need done and can cope with unexpected change is important, especially in volatile industries. It makes sense to have management assessed with a method that informs you of what the managers can do and how best to work with them for all of you to be successful.
Some investors almost always do rigorous and informative management assessments. But others are very skittish about asking leaders of the companies in which they are investing to be assessed. They say they are worried about losing the deal by asking before it's closed or of straining relationships with management afterwards.
Happily, you can get you what you need – enough knowledge long enough in advance to be maximally useful – without risking the deal.
The need for someone to 'do the job' can be your greatest enemy. In many organizations that have grown beyond owning a single outlet, one of the biggest challenges operators face is finding good managers.
2Poor Leadership in OrganizationIntroduction Leadershi.docxrhetttrevannion
2
Poor Leadership in Organization
Introduction
Leadership is foreseen as the act and practice of motivating a specific group of people to reflect their actions towards achieving a common goal. In organization, leadership involves giving direction to workers and different colleagues that take part in constituting the whole organization as a unit. All these directions and orders are strategies in a way that they meet the needs of the company and facilitate the progress of the organization. The leader should, therefore, embrace a high degree of wisdom and integrity in order to act as the head of the organization and guide it through the process of establishing its goal. In order for an organization to thrive in terms of performance and quality of the products being produced, it requires good leadership and governance. Currently, the organization is facing stiff competition from other competitors (DuBrin, 2015). Nevertheless, both the quality and quantity of the products being offered by the organization does not meet the required standards thus this makes it difficult for the organization to survive the stiff competition projected by other related organizations in the market segment. All these problems are brought about by poor governance and leadership in the organization. The paper touches on the qualities of a good leader, the significant effects of poor leadership in the organization, the effects that it projects to the entire organization and the suggested solutions.
Skills and competence of a leader
Each and every organization requires a leader to head all the activities that take place in the institution and ensure that the activities, roles and duties are performed at the right time in the right order. In order for a leader to manage an organization, he or she should poses some skills and competence. The skills in different leaders creates a large impact in the organization thus imposing a difference in both the production and management process. A good leader should poses the following skills.
The ability to supervise others. Through this skill, the business leader is also able to delegate jobs better and efficiently to various individuals and different departments of the organization and oversee how multiple operations are run to ensure a smooth running of business operations. This would help as such a leader would know which decisions would best suit better supervision thus better business flow regarding the operations.
High emotional intelligence. This calls for the ability to be aware of, in control and be able to express one’s emotions, and handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. (Shamir & Eilam-Shamir, 2018). With such skill, a business leader can connect and relate better with both his seniors and juniors at a human level; thus they would be in a more significant position to influence and therefore justify business decisions.
Good communication skills. Effective busi.
Steps to optimize productivity by Cultivating ValuesTentacle Cloud
Every communication with a customer is a chance to establish a positive affiliation, be it over the phone, over social media or otherwise. Call centers fulfill a very excited purpose. They are the midway between the customer and the company.
This presentation is for new managers or existing managers who want to have a refresher. The perspective is from how management needs to change to deal with today\'s economy.
How to effectively lead a team.
Leadership requires a soft hand on the tiller and a sense of boldness, argues Elaine Ford, Managing Director at Only Medics Ltd.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. CENTRALIZED
Top Managers Hold Most
Decision Making Authority
DECENTRALIZED
Lower Level Managers Hold
Significant Decision Making
Authority
3. CENTRALIZATION
The amount of authority and autonomy given to a
multinational divisional manager.
In short, the simple meaning is that the location of most
authority at the upper levels of the organization, it’s
called centralization.
4. Some times you would face this situation in many
companies that if you have ever called a company’s with a
complaint or a special request and been told by the
customer service representative ,’’ I will have to ask my
manager” or “ I am not authorized to do it but I
understood your situation yet I can not do it.”
so you are aware about such type situation’s answer.
5. Therefore, in this type of organization
managers take most decisions even the small
one also, that why the customer service
representative you called couldn’t make a
decision without first asking the manager.
so, in a centralized organization, head
officer will retain the major responsibility and
power.
Headquarter
Production Marketing Finance Personal
6. For an example, reserve bank of India takes
every decision, about C.R.R. (cash reserve ratio) ,
inflation rate, printing money, interest rate etc.
7. Advantages of Centralization
Better co-ordination
Focus on the most
important decision
Improved quality of
work
Flexibility
Personal leadership
Uniformity in action
Reduced cost
9. Delay in work
Remote control
No faithfulness
No secrecy
No special attention
Politics
10. Centralization organization we can see that
Adolf Hitler & Benito Mussolini leadership,
all people against his leadership and result is
that they were lost, so in centralization,
decision will be taken by one person & it
may be correct or wrong, therefore
centralization is not good for organization.
11. Increasing the role of
subordinates in decision making
is decentralization & simple
meaning is that the location of a
significant amount of authority in
the lover levels of the
organization.
Decentralization
12. A organization is decentralization, if it has
a high degree of delegation at all levels
you may have talked to customer service
representative at call center who said “I can
take care of that for you right now.”
It’s mean a person was able to handle your
problem without any input from or
consultation with company ‘s management
13. In this organization workers closest to
problems are authorized to take the
necessary decision to solve the problems
on their own the best way to develop and
retain a close relationship with the
customer .
Customer care
14. How to be a more effective
decentralization
1. Trust your staff
2. Avoid seeking
perfection
3. Instruction
4. Know your interest
5. To help identify
potential problems
6. Praise the effort of
your staff
7. Routinely
decentralization work
8. Provide resources
9. delegate to the lowest
possible level.
15. Advantages
Reducing senior manager’s burden
Increased motivation
Maintenance of Secrecy
Quick decision
Local knowledge
Proximity to the market
As manager in many organization consider
greater decentralization
The important question is not whether an
organization should be decentralized but to
what extent to it should be decentralized.
16. Expensive
Lack of Uniformity
Difficulty in Co-ordination
lack of specialization
Hard to make decisions
as a whole
Disadvantages
