The document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, which found that school-sponsored publications are subject to more censorship, while underground publications can only be regulated by time and place of distribution, not content. It also discusses cases involving religious publications in schools and free speech rights for student internet expression like in Beussink v. Woodland.
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It also discusses how schools can regulate the time, place and manner of distributing underground publications but not the content. The document analyzes other court cases related to religious publications, internet speech, and funding of religious student groups.
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It outlines the different categories of student media and the legal precedents that apply. Cases like Beussink v. Woodland upheld students' free speech rights for expression off-campus, while Rosenberger v. University of Virginia found schools cannot deny funding to religious student groups.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. Annie's parents sued, arguing this policy violated their constitutional rights. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have the right to pick and choose specific classes or control every aspect of their child's education if it conflicts with the school's authority over curriculum and resource allocation.
The Board of Education vs. Pico case involved a school board on Long Island that removed books from the school library that were deemed "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy." Students sued claiming this violated their First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the students, finding that while school boards have discretion over curriculum, they cannot restrict library books simply due to disagreeing with their ideas. The ruling established that school libraries have a special role in protecting free speech and access to information.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. Her parents sued alleging constitutional violations. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their children take at public schools. The district has discretion over curriculum and resource allocation.
The document discusses three Supreme Court cases that shaped the extent of students' First Amendment rights in schools:
1) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) established that students have free speech rights and can protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands, unless it substantially disrupts school.
2) Bethel v. Fraser (1986) upheld a student's suspension for giving a sexually explicit nominating speech, as schools can restrict vulgar or offensive language.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) ruled schools can exercise editorial control over school-sponsored publications if reasonably related to pedagogical concerns, allowing a principal to censor articles in a school newspaper.
Until 1969, First Amendment freedoms were not considered to apply seriously to school-age children. However, the 1969 Supreme Court ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Schools changed everything. Suddenly, students did not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates, as Justice Abe Fortas famously wrote. This slide presentation reviews the four major Supreme Court decisions that shape today's so-called school speech.
Parents may choose to home school their children for several reasons such as religious beliefs, a desire for more control over curriculum and socialization, or dissatisfaction with public schools. Studies have shown that home schooled children often perform better than public school students on standardized tests and many go on to attend college. The main advantages of home schooling are that it allows for a customized curriculum tailored to each child's interests and learning style, more flexibility in scheduling, and increased parental influence over socialization and incorporation of religious or philosophical beliefs.
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It also discusses how schools can regulate the time, place and manner of distributing underground publications but not the content. The document analyzes other court cases related to religious publications, internet speech, and funding of religious student groups.
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It outlines the different categories of student media and the legal precedents that apply. Cases like Beussink v. Woodland upheld students' free speech rights for expression off-campus, while Rosenberger v. University of Virginia found schools cannot deny funding to religious student groups.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. Annie's parents sued, arguing this policy violated their constitutional rights. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have the right to pick and choose specific classes or control every aspect of their child's education if it conflicts with the school's authority over curriculum and resource allocation.
The Board of Education vs. Pico case involved a school board on Long Island that removed books from the school library that were deemed "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy." Students sued claiming this violated their First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the students, finding that while school boards have discretion over curriculum, they cannot restrict library books simply due to disagreeing with their ideas. The ruling established that school libraries have a special role in protecting free speech and access to information.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. Her parents sued alleging constitutional violations. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their children take at public schools. The district has discretion over curriculum and resource allocation.
The document discusses three Supreme Court cases that shaped the extent of students' First Amendment rights in schools:
1) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) established that students have free speech rights and can protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands, unless it substantially disrupts school.
2) Bethel v. Fraser (1986) upheld a student's suspension for giving a sexually explicit nominating speech, as schools can restrict vulgar or offensive language.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) ruled schools can exercise editorial control over school-sponsored publications if reasonably related to pedagogical concerns, allowing a principal to censor articles in a school newspaper.
Until 1969, First Amendment freedoms were not considered to apply seriously to school-age children. However, the 1969 Supreme Court ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Schools changed everything. Suddenly, students did not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates, as Justice Abe Fortas famously wrote. This slide presentation reviews the four major Supreme Court decisions that shape today's so-called school speech.
Parents may choose to home school their children for several reasons such as religious beliefs, a desire for more control over curriculum and socialization, or dissatisfaction with public schools. Studies have shown that home schooled children often perform better than public school students on standardized tests and many go on to attend college. The main advantages of home schooling are that it allows for a customized curriculum tailored to each child's interests and learning style, more flexibility in scheduling, and increased parental influence over socialization and incorporation of religious or philosophical beliefs.
Dr. W.A. Kritsonis, National FORUM Journals, www.nationalforum.comWilliam Kritsonis
This document describes the Intentional Teaching Model (INTENT), which provides school leaders with a step-by-step method for conducting effective professional development to promote instructional changes. The model has three phases: 1) assessing teachers' beliefs, 2) establishing shared goals and strategies, and 3) iterative action, evaluation, and reformulation of goals. A key factor for success is the school change agent who guides teachers through reflection, goal-setting, and adapting practices while maintaining morale. The change agent adopts coaching and mentoring roles to challenge reluctant teachers in a supportive manner.
Calais, Gerald j[1]. Teacher Education, www.nationalforum.com
Dr. Williami Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief,
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, www.nationalforum.com
EDUL 7063 (PO1) Philosophy of Leadership in Education - William Allan Kritson...William Kritsonis
This document provides information about an online course titled "Philosophy of Leadership in Education" taught by William Kritsonis at Prairie View A&M University. The course will be held on Fridays from 5:30-8:20 PM. Students will examine the philosophy of leadership in education and learn to effectively manage others. Course goals include understanding different philosophies and developing a personal philosophy of leadership. Students will prepare to solve problems, think critically, and improve schools. Their work will be assessed based on assignments like a written manuscript.
Lunenburg, fred c models of decision making focus v4 n1 2010William Kritsonis
This document summarizes three models of decision making that can help school leaders determine how and when to involve others in the decision making process. The first model is the decision tree model developed by Vroom, Yetton, and Jago which identifies key characteristics of a problem situation and matches them to one of five decision making styles ranging from authoritarian to participatory. The second model is Tannenbaum and Schmidt's decision making pattern choice model which outlines seven decision making patterns on a continuum from boss-centered to subordinate-centered. The third model is the synergistic decision making model which aims to balance control and participation to maximize the strengths of individual and collective decision making.
This document provides a comparison of higher education institutions in Poland and Canada. It uses an information technology framework of participation, feedback, and partnership. Key points of comparison include differences in autonomy and governance structures between Polish and Canadian universities, growth of private universities in Poland, and partnerships between institutions in the two countries. The purpose is to examine how Polish and Canadian post-secondary education adopt new forms of relationships in terms of the IT framework.
Lunenburg, fred c[1]. group decision making ijmba v13 n1 2010William Kritsonis
Groupthink is a phenomenon where highly cohesive groups make poor decisions without considering alternative viewpoints due to a desire for consensus. It has led to political and military failures like the Bay of Pigs invasion and Vietnam War escalation. Symptoms include illusion of invulnerability, rationalizing warnings, stereotyping opponents, and self-censorship. Groupthink is more likely when groups are insulated and leaders promote their solutions. It can be avoided by assigning critical roles, using multiple independent groups, and employing devil's advocates.
The document summarizes a research paper that explores performance or variable pay for teachers. It discusses how performance pay is common in business but rare for teachers, who are typically paid on a fixed salary schedule. There is growing political and business pressure to implement teacher performance pay to improve outcomes. The paper reviews the limited existing research on the impacts of performance pay on teacher recruitment, retention and student achievement, and calls for additional quantitative studies to evaluate these impacts, particularly in large, diverse school districts with high teacher turnover rates.
Donna Charlton and William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: The Documentation ...William Kritsonis
Donna Charlton and William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: The Documentation Process: The Administrator's Role and the Interplay of Necessity, Support, and Collaboration - Published in the DOCTORAL FORUM: NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH, 5(1) 2008
This document provides a course syllabus for CNSL 5143 Human Growth and Development at Prairie View A&M University. The syllabus outlines key course details including the instructor's contact information, course goals and objectives, required materials, assignments, and schedule. The course examines human development across the lifespan through a psychological, sociological, and physiological lens. Students will analyze major theories of development and learn about developmental tasks and changes at each life stage. The syllabus aligns course outcomes with CACREP and TExES standards to assess understanding of human development concepts.
1. The document provides a comprehensive exam study guide for a community development class, outlining 17 potential exam questions with special emphasis and 25 additional study guide questions.
2. Key concepts covered include defining different types of communities, factors that enhance community functioning, characteristics of good communities, and applying ecological and social systems perspectives to understand community features and changes over time.
3. Urbanization phases, edge cities, gentrification, immigration trends, social stratification, neighborhood types, and barriers to community competence are also summarized from the reading material.
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/Th...William Kritsonis
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/The Texas A&M University System, 2008. Committee Members: Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dr. Camille Gibson, Dr. Tyrone Tanner, Dr. Pamela T. Barber Freeman
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Special Education: Least Restrictive Environmen...William Kritsonis
This document discusses key aspects of special education law regarding placement of students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE). It explains that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires placement in the LRE that allows students to be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. The document outlines factors considered in determining the LRE and a continuum of placement options, including supplementary aids and services. It also summarizes goals of the PJ Settlement Agreement related to inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis (Excellent) Religion in the Schools, PPT.William Kritsonis
This document discusses legal issues surrounding religion in public schools. It begins by outlining the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment and key Supreme Court cases related to religion and education. It then examines specific contemporary issues like school prayer, teaching creationism, holidays, and more. Throughout, it references federal and state laws and court cases related to finding the appropriate separation of church and state in schools. The document aims to clarify the complex legal framework around this issue.
Dr. David E. Herrington, Professor, Texas A&M University-San AntonioWilliam Kritsonis
Dr. Herrington's national refereed article is titled: Leader as Mentor & Coach: Creating A Culture of Excellence and Dignity. Published in the National FORUM of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, Volume 30, Number 3, 2013.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Grace Thomas Nickerson, D...William Kritsonis
This document outlines a dissertation study that aims to identify factors that contribute to or hinder the academic achievement of minority students, specifically Asian American, African American, and Hispanic students. The study will examine how parental involvement, frequency of individual and group study modes, and time spent on homework relate to student achievement. Surveys will be administered to students in urban high schools to gather data on these variables, which will then be analyzed to determine their relationships and influence on academic performance between the three minority groups. The goal is to discover ways to improve outcomes for low-performing students and help bridge the achievement gap.
Dr. Kritsonis is a professor who has had an extensive career in education, publishing over 600 articles and books. He founded several academic journals and has mentored many doctoral students.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law, Censorship, Censorship of Student Publications, Copyrights, Due Process, Diversity, Discrimination, Student Rights, Employee Rights
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law - Educational Law & Policy Studies, Censorship, Due Process, Hiring Discrimination, Termination, Controversial Topics, Diversity, Public School Law.
Dr. W.A. Kritsonis, National FORUM Journals, www.nationalforum.comWilliam Kritsonis
This document describes the Intentional Teaching Model (INTENT), which provides school leaders with a step-by-step method for conducting effective professional development to promote instructional changes. The model has three phases: 1) assessing teachers' beliefs, 2) establishing shared goals and strategies, and 3) iterative action, evaluation, and reformulation of goals. A key factor for success is the school change agent who guides teachers through reflection, goal-setting, and adapting practices while maintaining morale. The change agent adopts coaching and mentoring roles to challenge reluctant teachers in a supportive manner.
Calais, Gerald j[1]. Teacher Education, www.nationalforum.com
Dr. Williami Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief,
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, www.nationalforum.com
EDUL 7063 (PO1) Philosophy of Leadership in Education - William Allan Kritson...William Kritsonis
This document provides information about an online course titled "Philosophy of Leadership in Education" taught by William Kritsonis at Prairie View A&M University. The course will be held on Fridays from 5:30-8:20 PM. Students will examine the philosophy of leadership in education and learn to effectively manage others. Course goals include understanding different philosophies and developing a personal philosophy of leadership. Students will prepare to solve problems, think critically, and improve schools. Their work will be assessed based on assignments like a written manuscript.
Lunenburg, fred c models of decision making focus v4 n1 2010William Kritsonis
This document summarizes three models of decision making that can help school leaders determine how and when to involve others in the decision making process. The first model is the decision tree model developed by Vroom, Yetton, and Jago which identifies key characteristics of a problem situation and matches them to one of five decision making styles ranging from authoritarian to participatory. The second model is Tannenbaum and Schmidt's decision making pattern choice model which outlines seven decision making patterns on a continuum from boss-centered to subordinate-centered. The third model is the synergistic decision making model which aims to balance control and participation to maximize the strengths of individual and collective decision making.
This document provides a comparison of higher education institutions in Poland and Canada. It uses an information technology framework of participation, feedback, and partnership. Key points of comparison include differences in autonomy and governance structures between Polish and Canadian universities, growth of private universities in Poland, and partnerships between institutions in the two countries. The purpose is to examine how Polish and Canadian post-secondary education adopt new forms of relationships in terms of the IT framework.
Lunenburg, fred c[1]. group decision making ijmba v13 n1 2010William Kritsonis
Groupthink is a phenomenon where highly cohesive groups make poor decisions without considering alternative viewpoints due to a desire for consensus. It has led to political and military failures like the Bay of Pigs invasion and Vietnam War escalation. Symptoms include illusion of invulnerability, rationalizing warnings, stereotyping opponents, and self-censorship. Groupthink is more likely when groups are insulated and leaders promote their solutions. It can be avoided by assigning critical roles, using multiple independent groups, and employing devil's advocates.
The document summarizes a research paper that explores performance or variable pay for teachers. It discusses how performance pay is common in business but rare for teachers, who are typically paid on a fixed salary schedule. There is growing political and business pressure to implement teacher performance pay to improve outcomes. The paper reviews the limited existing research on the impacts of performance pay on teacher recruitment, retention and student achievement, and calls for additional quantitative studies to evaluate these impacts, particularly in large, diverse school districts with high teacher turnover rates.
Donna Charlton and William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: The Documentation ...William Kritsonis
Donna Charlton and William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: The Documentation Process: The Administrator's Role and the Interplay of Necessity, Support, and Collaboration - Published in the DOCTORAL FORUM: NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH, 5(1) 2008
This document provides a course syllabus for CNSL 5143 Human Growth and Development at Prairie View A&M University. The syllabus outlines key course details including the instructor's contact information, course goals and objectives, required materials, assignments, and schedule. The course examines human development across the lifespan through a psychological, sociological, and physiological lens. Students will analyze major theories of development and learn about developmental tasks and changes at each life stage. The syllabus aligns course outcomes with CACREP and TExES standards to assess understanding of human development concepts.
1. The document provides a comprehensive exam study guide for a community development class, outlining 17 potential exam questions with special emphasis and 25 additional study guide questions.
2. Key concepts covered include defining different types of communities, factors that enhance community functioning, characteristics of good communities, and applying ecological and social systems perspectives to understand community features and changes over time.
3. Urbanization phases, edge cities, gentrification, immigration trends, social stratification, neighborhood types, and barriers to community competence are also summarized from the reading material.
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/Th...William Kritsonis
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/The Texas A&M University System, 2008. Committee Members: Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dr. Camille Gibson, Dr. Tyrone Tanner, Dr. Pamela T. Barber Freeman
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Special Education: Least Restrictive Environmen...William Kritsonis
This document discusses key aspects of special education law regarding placement of students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE). It explains that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires placement in the LRE that allows students to be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. The document outlines factors considered in determining the LRE and a continuum of placement options, including supplementary aids and services. It also summarizes goals of the PJ Settlement Agreement related to inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis (Excellent) Religion in the Schools, PPT.William Kritsonis
This document discusses legal issues surrounding religion in public schools. It begins by outlining the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment and key Supreme Court cases related to religion and education. It then examines specific contemporary issues like school prayer, teaching creationism, holidays, and more. Throughout, it references federal and state laws and court cases related to finding the appropriate separation of church and state in schools. The document aims to clarify the complex legal framework around this issue.
Dr. David E. Herrington, Professor, Texas A&M University-San AntonioWilliam Kritsonis
Dr. Herrington's national refereed article is titled: Leader as Mentor & Coach: Creating A Culture of Excellence and Dignity. Published in the National FORUM of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, Volume 30, Number 3, 2013.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Grace Thomas Nickerson, D...William Kritsonis
This document outlines a dissertation study that aims to identify factors that contribute to or hinder the academic achievement of minority students, specifically Asian American, African American, and Hispanic students. The study will examine how parental involvement, frequency of individual and group study modes, and time spent on homework relate to student achievement. Surveys will be administered to students in urban high schools to gather data on these variables, which will then be analyzed to determine their relationships and influence on academic performance between the three minority groups. The goal is to discover ways to improve outcomes for low-performing students and help bridge the achievement gap.
Dr. Kritsonis is a professor who has had an extensive career in education, publishing over 600 articles and books. He founded several academic journals and has mentored many doctoral students.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law, Censorship, Censorship of Student Publications, Copyrights, Due Process, Diversity, Discrimination, Student Rights, Employee Rights
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law - Educational Law & Policy Studies, Censorship, Due Process, Hiring Discrimination, Termination, Controversial Topics, Diversity, Public School Law.
Censorhsip student publications - Employment Law - Lecture Notes William Alla...William Kritsonis
The First Amendment protects freedom of speech and press, prohibiting laws that infringe on these rights. Regulations of student publications in public schools are governed by Supreme Court precedent. School-sponsored publications can be censored for legitimate pedagogical reasons, while nonschool publications can only have restrictions on time, place and manner of distribution, not content. For internet speech, one court ruled that a student's critical homepage did not interfere with school and suspending the student violated his free speech rights.
Professor William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington.Dr. Kritsonis has traveled and lectured extensively throughout the United States and world-wide. Some international travels include Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Monte Carlo, England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Switzerland, Grand Cayman, Haiti, St. Maarten, St. John, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Nassau, Freeport, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Canada, Curacao, Costa Rico, Aruba, Venezuela, Panama, Bora Bora, Tahiti, Latvia, Spain, Honduras, and many more. He has been invited to lecture and serve as a guest professor at many universities across the nation and abroad.
The document provides guidance on religion in public schools. It discusses several issues including voluntary student prayer, student-initiated classroom prayer, student proselytization, religious content in homework, religious exemptions, religious books in curriculum, religious holiday observances, and student garb/religious symbols. The general principles are that students have rights to religious expression as long as it does not endorse or promote religion or substantially disrupt school activities. School policies must be neutral towards religion.
This document discusses sexual harassment in schools, defining it as unwelcome sexual behavior that makes a student uncomfortable or interferes with their education. It describes two types of sexual harassment - quid pro quo, where a student receives benefits or threats related to sexual favors, and hostile environment, where unwanted sexual comments or gestures are severe or pervasive. The document outlines several landmark court cases related to teacher-student sexual harassment and liability under Title IX. It concludes with common sense guidelines to prevent false accusations of harassment and resources for more information.
This document discusses sexual harassment in schools, defining it as unwelcome sexual behavior that makes a student uncomfortable or interferes with their education. It describes two types of sexual harassment - quid pro quo, where a student receives benefits or threats related to sexual favors, and hostile environment, where unwanted sexual comments or gestures interfere with a student's learning. The document outlines several landmark court cases related to teacher-student sexual harassment and liability under Title IX. It concludes with common-sense tips to prevent false claims of harassment and resources for more information.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law, Student Sexual Harassment, Bullying, Due Process, Discrimination, Assault, Freedom of Expression, Legal Rights of Students, Teachers, Administrators.
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
C E N S O R S H I P O F S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O NWilliam Kritsonis
The document summarizes two important Supreme Court cases related to censorship of student publications: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988). Tinker established that students can express personal opinions unless it causes disruption, while Hazelwood allowed more censorship if the publication was school-sponsored. The document also discusses how courts have dealt with obscenity, vulgar language, and defining school-sponsored vs open forum student publications.
The US Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker v. Des Moines established that students can express personal opinions on controversial subjects unless it causes disruption. It involved students suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The 1988 case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier allowed more censorship of student publications that are school-sponsored. It distinguished between publications for educational purposes versus student expression forums. Courts have generally allowed censorship of obscene or libelous material in student publications, while vulgar language censorship depends on context.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Censorship of Student Publications, PPT.William Kritsonis
The US Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker v. Des Moines established that students can express personal opinions on controversial subjects unless it causes disruption. It involved students suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The 1988 Hazelwood decision allowed schools more censorship over school-sponsored publications. It distinguished censorship of publications meant for student expression versus those meant to teach journalism skills. Courts have upheld censorship of obscenity, libel, and vulgarity, but the extent of censorship of student publications remains unclear.
This document summarizes the 1972 Supreme Court case Wisconsin v. Yoder, which established that Amish parents have a constitutional right to withdraw their children from compulsory school attendance after the eighth grade. The Court ruled that Wisconsin's compulsory attendance law, which required children to attend school until age 16, placed an unreasonable burden on the free exercise of the Amish religion. While states have an interest in universal education, that interest must be balanced against fundamental rights like religious freedom. The Court found Wisconsin failed to demonstrate its interest in compelling additional years of education was sufficiently high to override the Amish parents' religious interests.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their child takes or to send their child to public school part-time.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law, Student Sexual Harassment, Bullying, Due Process, Discrimination, Assault, Freedom of Expression, Legal Rights of Students, Teachers, Administrators.
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
Sexual harassment in schools can take many forms, including verbal comments, physical contact, or visual displays. There are two types of sexual harassment: quid pro quo, where favors are exchanged for benefits, and hostile environment, where unwanted sexual behavior interferes with students' education. Several landmark court cases have found schools liable for teacher misconduct and set standards requiring schools to respond appropriately to reports of harassment. Schools aim to prevent issues through policies, staff training, and maintaining appropriate student-teacher relationships.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Public School Law, School Law, School Legal Issues, Educational Laws & Policies
Professorial Roles
Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge in the Department of Administrative and Foundational Services.
In 2006, Dr. Kritsonis published two articles in the Two-Volume Set of the Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration published by SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. He is a National Reviewer for the Journal of Research on Leadership, University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA).
In 2007, Dr. Kritsonis was invited to write a history and philosophy of education for the ABC-CLIO Encyclopedia of World History.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University – Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the doctoral program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first doctoral student to earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He has chaired over 18 doctoral dissertations. He lives in Houston, Texas.
Teachers have certain freedoms of expression, speech, and association protected by the Constitution similar to other citizens. However, speech that disrupts the school environment or fails to follow proper channels is not protected. Teachers also have academic freedom to teach the curriculum appropriately for students but cannot promote inappropriate or controversial material. Courts have ruled variably on issues like dress codes, political activities, pregnancy, and privacy depending on the specific circumstances and potential impacts on the school environment or the teacher's effectiveness. Religious discrimination and family leave are also regulated and require reasonable accommodations if they do not unduly burden school operations.
Three public school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War and were suspended for refusing to remove them. They sued the school district for violating their 1st Amendment rights. The Supreme Court decided that the school had violated the students' rights by suspending them for a silent, passive expression of opinion unaccompanied by disruptive conduct.
A high school student gave a nominating speech at a school assembly that included graphic and explicit sexual metaphors. He was suspended for the speech. The Supreme Court decided that schools may restrict student speech that is lewd, indecent, or offensive.
A high school principal removed two articles from the school newspaper that discussed teen pregnancy and divorce because he found the
DEBATE 22 EDUCATION POLICYASSIGNING STUDENTS TO SCHOOLS BA.docxedwardmarivel
DEBATE
22
EDUCATION POLICY
ASSIGNING STUDENTS TO SCHOOLS BASED ON RACE:
Justified or Unacceptable? ADVOCATE: National Education Association, et al.
JUSTIFIED
SOURCE: Amicus curiae brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) UNACCEPTABLE
ADVOCATE: Asian American Legal Foundation
SOURCE: Amicus curiae brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
The intersection between education and race has long sparked emotional debate. Prior to the Civil War it was uncommon and in some places illegal to educate children who were not white. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) requiring equal protection of the law for all citizens made it illegal to overtly deny children of color an education or to give them an expressly inferior one. However, the changes were more cosmetic that substantive. In many places, Jim Crow laws legalized accommo- dations that were supposedly “separate but equal,” but in reality were highly unequal. Blacks were the most numerous victims, but Asian Americans, Hispanics, and others also were relegated to second-class facilities and services. The Supreme Court upheld this fictitious equality in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), a case that involved railroad car accommodations but also applied to schools and many other points of segregation. That decision stood until the Supreme Court overturned it in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Writing for the unanimous court, Chief Justice Earl Warren opined that in “public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
Over the years, the application Brown v. Board of Education slowly eliminated the overtly intentional school segregation, but, like the Fourteenth Amendment, there was a large gap between theoretical importance and practical impact. Two factors lim- ited Brown. One was that some school districts build schools or drew district lines in ways that maintained or created schools that were de facto racially segregated. The second factor involved living patterns. Whites fled cities to the suburbs or sent their children to private schools to avoid racially integrated schools, and urban schools became more and more minority dominated. These population shifts also left cities with diminished tax bases, and the schools declined for want of adequate funding.
In response, the courts moved to a more proactive stance. In a case involving the region centered on Charlotte, North Carolina, where schools remained very segre- gated and the school board resisted moving to desegregate, a federal judge in 1965 found that the segregation was intentional, ordered that all 105 schools integrate, and specified that children be bussed between schools in necessary. The Supreme Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) unanimously backed
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John T. Rourke, You Decide! 2012 Copy.
This document discusses the case of K.A. v. Pocono Mountain School District. It provides background information, including that K.A. was a 5th grade student who tried to distribute invitations to a church Christmas party to her classmates, but was prohibited from doing so. The document outlines the relevant facts of the case and discusses two prior Supreme Court cases - Tinker v. Des Moines and Morse v. Fredrick. It then summarizes the court's ruling in favor of K.A., finding that the school's restrictions were not applied neutrally and were unconstitutional. The implications are that administrations should exercise fairness when making decisions and follow existing policies, and understand the legal standard of "substantial
Similar to Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Censorship of Student Publications, PPT. (20)
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Censorship of Student Publications, PPT.
1. Censorship of Student Publication
You can’t tell me what to write!
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
2. The First Amendment
The First Amendment to the united State Constitution
is part of the united State Bill of Rights that expressly
prohibits the United Sates Congress form making
laws “respecting an establishment of religion” or that
prohibit the free exercise of religion, laws that
infringe the freedom of speech, infringe the freedom
of the press, limit the right to peaceably assemble, or
limit the right to petition the government for a redress
of grievances.
3. In the First Amendment the founding
Fathers gave the free press the
protection it must have to fulfill its
essential role in our democracy. The
press was to serve the governed, not
the governors. The government’s
power to sensor the press was
abolished so that the press would
remain forever free to censure the
Government.
4. Freedom of the press in the public
schools, however, is governed by a
different set of constitutional
precedents. Regulations of the
students newspapers is subject to the
Supreme Court decision in
Hazelwood School District v.
Kuhlmeier
5. Four Categories of Litigations Concerning
Publications
1. School-sponsored newspapers
2. Nonschool, or
underground, newspapers
written and distributed by
students
3. Materials distributed by
students at school but written
and published by nonstudents
4. Internet
6. School Sponsored
Hazelwood decision permitted the school
to control or censor a school-sponsored
paper. Nonschool publications may be
regulated only by time, place, and
manner of distribution; they cannot be
regulated as to content. These
restrictions are contingent upon the
school having created a limited public
forum as opposed to a nonpublic or
closed forum.
In Hazelwood – the court said that the
school paper (theatrical productions, and
other expression perceived to “bear the
imprimatur”) was not a public forum.
7. Underground Publication
If a school permits non-school
materials to be distributed then a
limited public forum has been created.
When this happens the restriction has
to be content-neutral.
Can
Place a restriction on time, place,
and manner restrictions on access
to school grounds
Can’t
Control the content as is permitted
with school-sponsored publications.
8. Underground Publication Continued
Burch v. Barker
Student-written our-page newspaper entitled Bad
Astra. This was critical of the schools
administration and did not contain vulgarity,
obscenity, or defamatory statements.
The school was not able to review it’s content
before distribution; it was not school related and
Hazelwood did not apply.
9. Religious Publications
Distributing religious newsletters written by
nonstudents.
One court said it was ok, but the other courts
decision have not been uniformed.
Under Hazelwood
If School Officials have open to the school to
“indiscriminate use,” then the school becomes
a public forum an a “limited public forum can
be created.” If this is the situation distributing
religious information is constitutional.
Don’t get caught in the situation / Do not
open the school to groups.
10. School officials may exercise editorial control
over school-sponsored publications if they
have a legitimate pedagogical reason. For
nonschool publications if the school has
created a “limited public forum,” then the
school can only control the time, place, and
manner of distribution, but not the content. If
a school policy required that students submit
materials before distribution, then strong due
process procedures must be in place, or the
policy is vulnerable to prior restraint
challenge.
11. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
(School Editorials)
Spring of ’83, Journalism teacher submit page proofs
of each Spectrum issue to the Principal
May 13 principal object to two of the articles:
Students’ experiences with pregnancy (three
students)
Impact of divorce on students at the school
Principals Concerns
Different names were used, but he felt you could
still figure out who the students were
Articles references to birth control and sexual
activity were inappropriate for some younger
students
Student identified by name regarding a divorce –
parents were not given the opportunity to respond
or to consent
12. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
(School Editorials) Continued
Principal concluded to publish a four
pager instead of the six eliminating the
divorce and pregnancy pages or to not
publish a paper at all. He directed the
teacher to withhold the two mentioned
publications.
Court’s decision: Sided with the
Administrator.
13. Internet and Free Speech
Beussink v. Woodland R-IV School
District
Beussink claims that the
Woodland School District
suspended hem from school for
ten days because he had posted
a homepage on the Internet
which was critical of Woodland
High School. The homepage's
criticism of the high school
included crude and vulgar
14. Beussink v. Woodland R-IV School District
Court Decision:
First Amendment right was violated. – “clean up”
homepage
Student faced academic harm
He failed 4 classes because of this and lack of credit will
delay his graduation at the end of the school year.
Student’s homepage did not materially and
substantially interfere with school discipline.
The harm to the student is greater than that to the
district if the injunction is not granted.
District is enjoined from:
Using the 10 day suspension in its application of its
absenteeism policy,
Enforcing any other sanction arising from Beussink’s
homepage which is the subject of this lawsuit,
From restricting Beussink’s use of his home computer to
repost that homepage
The injunctive relief was GRANTED.
15. Beussink v. Woodland R-IV School
District
Showed a friend at home and she was upset about
it
She told a teacher the next day, but Beussink had
not given her the address; teacher pulled up his
homepage and told the administration. The
principal viewed it
Student was disciplined because the principal was
upset that it had been view at school {he did not
know other students have viewed the page by the
end of the day as well}
Student suspended for 5 days then a second notice
was send that he would be suspended for an
additional 5 days.
School has absenteeism policy that drops students’
grades in each class by one letter grade for each
unexcused absence in excess of ten days. Student
had 8.5 but the additional 10 made it 18.5 days.
16. Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995)
Wide-Awake Productions was denied
funding for its newspaper, Wide
Awake: A Christian Perspective at
the University of Virginia, because
it “primarily promotes a particular
belief in or about a deity or an
ultimate reality”
The University unlike most used its
Student Activities Fund to pay the
printing cost not the university’s
funds.
17. Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995)
(School Editorials)
Decision of the Court:
Ruled as unconstitutional student
organization funding systems in which
some student organization expression
(e.g., publications, speakers, posters) was
paid for by the university, but that by
student religious organization was not.
18. Other Cases to Note
Widmar v. Vincet (1981)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1981)
Abood v. Detroit Board of Education
Board of Education of the Westside
Community Schools v. Mergens
(1990)
Kincaid v. Gibson (1997)
Lamb’s Chapel v. Center Moriches
Union Free School District (1993)
Editor's Notes
Imprimatur - approval of a publication under circumstances of official censorship
Page was created not evidence that he used school facilities or resources. Used vulgar language to convey his opinion regarding teachers, the principal and school’s homepageInvited reading to contact the school to communicate their opinions and provided a hyperlink for readers to access the school’s homepage from his.Showed a friend at home and she was upset about itShe told a teacher the next day, but Beussink had not given her the address; teacher pulled up his homepage and told the administration. The principal viewed itStudent was disciplined because the principal was upset that it had been view at school {he did not know other students have viewed the page by the end of the day as well}. Additionally, he was told to “clean up” his homepage.Student suspended for 5 days then a second notice was send that he would be suspended for an additional 5 days.School has absenteeism policy that drops students’ grades in each class by one letter grade for each unexcused absence in excess of ten days. Student had 8.5 but the additional 10 made it 18.5 days.
BOE Westside v. Mergens: Court ruled that school districts establish limited public form when the allow formation of non-curricular student groups, and thus cannot deny permission for students to form religious clubs.Lamb’s case: Court granted use of public school buildings ot an evangelical group that wanted to show a six-part fil series on family life from a Christian perspective. NY law states that school building can be used for community groups but not religious. It was argued that they allowed a “New Age religious group,” access to buildings.