Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law - Educational Law & Policy Studies, Censorship, Due Process, Hiring Discrimination, Termination, Controversial Topics, Diversity, Public School Law.
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It outlines the different categories of student media and the legal precedents that apply. Cases like Beussink v. Woodland upheld students' free speech rights for expression off-campus, while Rosenberger v. University of Virginia found schools cannot deny funding to religious student groups.
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It also discusses how schools can regulate the time, place and manner of distributing underground publications but not the content. The document analyzes other court cases related to religious publications, internet speech, and funding of religious student groups.
Until 1969, First Amendment freedoms were not considered to apply seriously to school-age children. However, the 1969 Supreme Court ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Schools changed everything. Suddenly, students did not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates, as Justice Abe Fortas famously wrote. This slide presentation reviews the four major Supreme Court decisions that shape today's so-called school speech.
The document discusses three Supreme Court cases that shaped the extent of students' First Amendment rights in schools:
1) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) established that students have free speech rights and can protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands, unless it substantially disrupts school.
2) Bethel v. Fraser (1986) upheld a student's suspension for giving a sexually explicit nominating speech, as schools can restrict vulgar or offensive language.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) ruled schools can exercise editorial control over school-sponsored publications if reasonably related to pedagogical concerns, allowing a principal to censor articles in a school newspaper.
The Board of Education vs. Pico case involved a school board on Long Island that removed books from the school library that were deemed "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy." Students sued claiming this violated their First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the students, finding that while school boards have discretion over curriculum, they cannot restrict library books simply due to disagreeing with their ideas. The ruling established that school libraries have a special role in protecting free speech and access to information.
The document summarizes the 1968 Supreme Court case Green v. County School Board of New Kent County. It discusses how New Kent County in Virginia maintained a segregated school system with one all-white school and one all-black school, despite the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. To comply with desegregation orders, the school board implemented a freedom of choice plan that allowed students to choose which school to attend but did not result in desegregation. The Supreme Court ruled the plan unconstitutional, stating school boards must take effective steps to transition to a nondiscriminatory system.
The document summarizes several key legal perspectives on education in the United States including:
- The 10th Amendment grants states the power over public education. The 1st Amendment's Establishment Clause prohibits establishing an official religion and its Free Speech Clause protects teacher and student speech rights. The 14th Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law for students, faculty, and staff.
- The separation of church and state and provision of public funds for religious education are complex issues with reasonable arguments on both sides. Landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education outlawed racial segregation in public schools while affirmative action policies aim to promote diversity and equal opportunity but can also disadvantage some groups.
- Legal and ethical issues surrounding
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It outlines the different categories of student media and the legal precedents that apply. Cases like Beussink v. Woodland upheld students' free speech rights for expression off-campus, while Rosenberger v. University of Virginia found schools cannot deny funding to religious student groups.
This document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier which found schools can censor school-sponsored student media, but not underground or off-campus student media. It also discusses how schools can regulate the time, place and manner of distributing underground publications but not the content. The document analyzes other court cases related to religious publications, internet speech, and funding of religious student groups.
Until 1969, First Amendment freedoms were not considered to apply seriously to school-age children. However, the 1969 Supreme Court ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Schools changed everything. Suddenly, students did not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates, as Justice Abe Fortas famously wrote. This slide presentation reviews the four major Supreme Court decisions that shape today's so-called school speech.
The document discusses three Supreme Court cases that shaped the extent of students' First Amendment rights in schools:
1) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) established that students have free speech rights and can protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands, unless it substantially disrupts school.
2) Bethel v. Fraser (1986) upheld a student's suspension for giving a sexually explicit nominating speech, as schools can restrict vulgar or offensive language.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) ruled schools can exercise editorial control over school-sponsored publications if reasonably related to pedagogical concerns, allowing a principal to censor articles in a school newspaper.
The Board of Education vs. Pico case involved a school board on Long Island that removed books from the school library that were deemed "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy." Students sued claiming this violated their First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the students, finding that while school boards have discretion over curriculum, they cannot restrict library books simply due to disagreeing with their ideas. The ruling established that school libraries have a special role in protecting free speech and access to information.
The document summarizes the 1968 Supreme Court case Green v. County School Board of New Kent County. It discusses how New Kent County in Virginia maintained a segregated school system with one all-white school and one all-black school, despite the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. To comply with desegregation orders, the school board implemented a freedom of choice plan that allowed students to choose which school to attend but did not result in desegregation. The Supreme Court ruled the plan unconstitutional, stating school boards must take effective steps to transition to a nondiscriminatory system.
The document summarizes several key legal perspectives on education in the United States including:
- The 10th Amendment grants states the power over public education. The 1st Amendment's Establishment Clause prohibits establishing an official religion and its Free Speech Clause protects teacher and student speech rights. The 14th Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law for students, faculty, and staff.
- The separation of church and state and provision of public funds for religious education are complex issues with reasonable arguments on both sides. Landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education outlawed racial segregation in public schools while affirmative action policies aim to promote diversity and equal opportunity but can also disadvantage some groups.
- Legal and ethical issues surrounding
The document provides a historical timeline of three important special education cases:
1) PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971-1972) ruled that students with disabilities could not be denied access to education due to their needs and must be provided equal opportunity to education.
2) Mills v. Board of Education, DC (1972) established that students with disabilities must be provided free and suitable education with accommodations, and cannot be suspended for more than two days without a hearing.
3) Honig v. Doe (1987-1988) determined that students with disability-related behavioral issues cannot be suspended and must remain in their current school placement pending resolution of any issues.
Three public school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War and were suspended for refusing to remove them. They sued the school district for violating their 1st Amendment rights. The Supreme Court decided that the school had violated the students' rights by suspending them for a silent, passive expression of opinion unaccompanied by disruptive conduct.
A high school student gave a nominating speech at a school assembly that included graphic and explicit sexual metaphors. He was suspended for the speech. The Supreme Court decided that schools may restrict student speech that is lewd, indecent, or offensive.
A high school principal removed two articles from the school newspaper that discussed teen pregnancy and divorce because he found the
This document provides an overview of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) for a workshop. It defines key FERPA concepts such as education records, directory information, and legitimate educational interest. It discusses students' FERPA rights including access to and amendment of education records. Exceptions where records can be disclosed without consent are outlined. Common concerns with FERPA compliance like communicating with parents and proper handling of subpoenas are also addressed. Information sources for FERPA questions are provided.
Educational court case investigation, zelma uribeZelma Uribe
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. The case was a consolidation of five separate cases challenging racial segregation in different states. It overturned the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision that allowed "separate but equal" public facilities. The unanimous decision established that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and required public schools to desegregate. The ruling had broad implications for dismantling racial segregation across American society.
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor
In 2008, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor, Graduate School, Prairie View A&M University – The Texas A&M University System. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students.
Dr. Kritsonis Lectures at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England. His lecture was entitled the Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
The document discusses student rights regarding religion on campus. It outlines that there is no explicit separation of church and state in the Constitution, rather it was mentioned in a letter. The First Amendment establishes freedom of religion. Students have the right to pray, hold bible studies as long as it doesn't interfere with school activities according to the Equal Access Act of 1984. Students can also carry bibles and wear religious clothing or symbols on campus grounds.
Chapter 28 The Appeal of Imagination from WAYS OF KNOWING THROUGH THE REALMS ...William Kritsonis
The document discusses the importance of appealing to students' imaginations in education. It argues that students learn best when they are interested and motivated by the curriculum. To motivate students, teachers must select materials that spark students' imaginations rather than just focusing on practical concerns. The most effective way to engage students is to present concepts and ideas that transport them to new worlds of meaning beyond their everyday lives. Cultivating students' inner lives and imaginations should be the ultimate goal of general education.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Public School Law, School Law, School Legal Issues, Educational Laws & Policies
Professorial Roles
Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge in the Department of Administrative and Foundational Services.
In 2006, Dr. Kritsonis published two articles in the Two-Volume Set of the Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration published by SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. He is a National Reviewer for the Journal of Research on Leadership, University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA).
In 2007, Dr. Kritsonis was invited to write a history and philosophy of education for the ABC-CLIO Encyclopedia of World History.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University – Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the doctoral program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first doctoral student to earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He has chaired over 18 doctoral dissertations. He lives in Houston, Texas.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Religion in the Schools, PPT.William Kritsonis
The document discusses the legal framework around religion in schools established by the First Amendment and subsequent Supreme Court rulings. It outlines guidelines from the Lemon Test that determine if a law or practice involving religion is constitutional. Key issues addressed include school prayer, teaching of creationism, religious expression of students and teachers, and inclusion of religious elements in programs and ceremonies. The document notes the complexity of balancing religious free expression with the separation of church and state in public schools.
This document outlines the top ten things principals need to know about nonrenewal and termination processes for teachers. It discusses the different types of teaching contracts, the procedures for nonrenewing or terminating contracts at the end of the school year versus mid-year, and the higher evidentiary standards required for mid-year terminations compared to nonrenewals. Principals must understand contract types and procedural requirements before recommending any adverse employment actions against teachers.
William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor
In 2008, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor, Graduate School, Prairie View A&M University – The Texas A&M University System. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students.
Dr. William Kritsonis & Dr. Norman L. Butler
Philosophy Inventory by William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Kritsonis
This document presents a philosophy of education survey for participants to complete. It consists of 80 statements about educational philosophy for participants to rate on a scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The statements cover topics like the purpose of education, curriculum design, teaching methods, and student learning. After completing their ratings, participants can score their responses according to different educational philosophies like essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, etc. to determine which philosophies their views are most aligned with. The highest and lowest scores indicate their strongest agreement or disagreement with each philosophical perspective. Comparing scores for philosophies and their offshoots provides insight into participants' original philosophical views.
The document discusses several leadership models and archetypes:
1. Miyamoto Musashi's leadership philosophy emphasized mental calmness ("bujutsu") and physical skill ("kenjutsu") through discipline and mastery of techniques.
2. Barber's presidential leadership model examines a leader's character, worldview, leadership style, and how they navigate their political situation and public expectations.
3. The "American Monomyth" depicts heroes rising up to save a threatened community and returning order, influencing expectations of leaders.
4. Traditional archetypes portrayed women's roles negatively, creating biases that still influence perceptions of female leadership. Overcoming past influences requires self-reflection on one's values
This document summarizes key chapters from the book Management of Organizational Behavior by Paul Hersey, Kenneth Blanchard, and Dewey E. Johnson. [1] It focuses on situational leadership theory and recommends chapters 8-10 and 12-17 as especially important. [2] Situational leadership involves matching one's leadership style to followers' readiness levels and adapting one's style to meet changing needs. [3] Effective leadership requires flexibility and the ability to diagnose situations to apply the optimal style.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Educational PhilosophyWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged and how its philosophical perspectives relate to leadership strategies and today's world. It provides context on Rand and her objectivist philosophy, which emerged from her experience under communist rule. Atlas Shrugged portrays a dystopian future where talented innovators go on strike against growing government control. The document examines how Rand's ideas around individualism, morality and business relate to postmodern views of knowledge, existence and ethics. It explores how concepts in her novel like John Galt's resistance movement still resonate with business leaders facing today's economic challenges.
This document summarizes a journal article about the challenges that teachers and administrators face in a era of high-stakes testing. It discusses how administrators are often focused on test performance and accountability, which negatively impacts teacher morale and student learning. It also notes that many administrators are not highly qualified and lack the necessary skills to support teachers. As a result, students in low-income schools often receive a neglected education and have limited opportunities to succeed academically.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between the ethics training of elementary school principals and student performance. The study found a significant relationship, such that higher levels of ethics training for principals were associated with better student performance. This has implications for how educational leaders are prepared and trained. The document provides context on the importance of ethics and values for school leadership. It reviews literature on concepts like ethical decision making, moral leadership, and creating an environment where shared values support learning.
The document lists the graduates of the PhD Program in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University between 2006-2011. It provides the names of 39 total graduates, the cohorts they were part of, their graduation dates, and their dissertation chairs. The most prolific dissertation chair was Dr. Kritsonis, who chaired 20 dissertations, while the other chairs ranged from advising 1 to 7 graduates each.
C O M P U T E R A N D I N T E R N E T L A W I N P U B L I C S C H O O L SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses computer and internet law as it relates to public schools. It outlines that 21 states have internet filtering laws for schools and libraries to restrict minor access to inappropriate content. It also summarizes the Supreme Court ruling upholding the Federal Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) which requires schools and libraries to use internet filters to receive certain federal funding. Finally, it provides recommendations for schools to establish acceptable use policies and choose filtering software that aligns with their policies to comply with CIPA.
The document provides a historical timeline of three important special education cases:
1) PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971-1972) ruled that students with disabilities could not be denied access to education due to their needs and must be provided equal opportunity to education.
2) Mills v. Board of Education, DC (1972) established that students with disabilities must be provided free and suitable education with accommodations, and cannot be suspended for more than two days without a hearing.
3) Honig v. Doe (1987-1988) determined that students with disability-related behavioral issues cannot be suspended and must remain in their current school placement pending resolution of any issues.
Three public school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War and were suspended for refusing to remove them. They sued the school district for violating their 1st Amendment rights. The Supreme Court decided that the school had violated the students' rights by suspending them for a silent, passive expression of opinion unaccompanied by disruptive conduct.
A high school student gave a nominating speech at a school assembly that included graphic and explicit sexual metaphors. He was suspended for the speech. The Supreme Court decided that schools may restrict student speech that is lewd, indecent, or offensive.
A high school principal removed two articles from the school newspaper that discussed teen pregnancy and divorce because he found the
This document provides an overview of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) for a workshop. It defines key FERPA concepts such as education records, directory information, and legitimate educational interest. It discusses students' FERPA rights including access to and amendment of education records. Exceptions where records can be disclosed without consent are outlined. Common concerns with FERPA compliance like communicating with parents and proper handling of subpoenas are also addressed. Information sources for FERPA questions are provided.
Educational court case investigation, zelma uribeZelma Uribe
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. The case was a consolidation of five separate cases challenging racial segregation in different states. It overturned the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision that allowed "separate but equal" public facilities. The unanimous decision established that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and required public schools to desegregate. The ruling had broad implications for dismantling racial segregation across American society.
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor
In 2008, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor, Graduate School, Prairie View A&M University – The Texas A&M University System. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students.
Dr. Kritsonis Lectures at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England. His lecture was entitled the Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
The document discusses student rights regarding religion on campus. It outlines that there is no explicit separation of church and state in the Constitution, rather it was mentioned in a letter. The First Amendment establishes freedom of religion. Students have the right to pray, hold bible studies as long as it doesn't interfere with school activities according to the Equal Access Act of 1984. Students can also carry bibles and wear religious clothing or symbols on campus grounds.
Chapter 28 The Appeal of Imagination from WAYS OF KNOWING THROUGH THE REALMS ...William Kritsonis
The document discusses the importance of appealing to students' imaginations in education. It argues that students learn best when they are interested and motivated by the curriculum. To motivate students, teachers must select materials that spark students' imaginations rather than just focusing on practical concerns. The most effective way to engage students is to present concepts and ideas that transport them to new worlds of meaning beyond their everyday lives. Cultivating students' inner lives and imaginations should be the ultimate goal of general education.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Public School Law, School Law, School Legal Issues, Educational Laws & Policies
Professorial Roles
Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge in the Department of Administrative and Foundational Services.
In 2006, Dr. Kritsonis published two articles in the Two-Volume Set of the Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration published by SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. He is a National Reviewer for the Journal of Research on Leadership, University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA).
In 2007, Dr. Kritsonis was invited to write a history and philosophy of education for the ABC-CLIO Encyclopedia of World History.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University – Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the doctoral program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first doctoral student to earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He has chaired over 18 doctoral dissertations. He lives in Houston, Texas.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Religion in the Schools, PPT.William Kritsonis
The document discusses the legal framework around religion in schools established by the First Amendment and subsequent Supreme Court rulings. It outlines guidelines from the Lemon Test that determine if a law or practice involving religion is constitutional. Key issues addressed include school prayer, teaching of creationism, religious expression of students and teachers, and inclusion of religious elements in programs and ceremonies. The document notes the complexity of balancing religious free expression with the separation of church and state in public schools.
This document outlines the top ten things principals need to know about nonrenewal and termination processes for teachers. It discusses the different types of teaching contracts, the procedures for nonrenewing or terminating contracts at the end of the school year versus mid-year, and the higher evidentiary standards required for mid-year terminations compared to nonrenewals. Principals must understand contract types and procedural requirements before recommending any adverse employment actions against teachers.
William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor
In 2008, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor, Graduate School, Prairie View A&M University – The Texas A&M University System. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students.
Dr. William Kritsonis & Dr. Norman L. Butler
Philosophy Inventory by William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Kritsonis
This document presents a philosophy of education survey for participants to complete. It consists of 80 statements about educational philosophy for participants to rate on a scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The statements cover topics like the purpose of education, curriculum design, teaching methods, and student learning. After completing their ratings, participants can score their responses according to different educational philosophies like essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, etc. to determine which philosophies their views are most aligned with. The highest and lowest scores indicate their strongest agreement or disagreement with each philosophical perspective. Comparing scores for philosophies and their offshoots provides insight into participants' original philosophical views.
The document discusses several leadership models and archetypes:
1. Miyamoto Musashi's leadership philosophy emphasized mental calmness ("bujutsu") and physical skill ("kenjutsu") through discipline and mastery of techniques.
2. Barber's presidential leadership model examines a leader's character, worldview, leadership style, and how they navigate their political situation and public expectations.
3. The "American Monomyth" depicts heroes rising up to save a threatened community and returning order, influencing expectations of leaders.
4. Traditional archetypes portrayed women's roles negatively, creating biases that still influence perceptions of female leadership. Overcoming past influences requires self-reflection on one's values
This document summarizes key chapters from the book Management of Organizational Behavior by Paul Hersey, Kenneth Blanchard, and Dewey E. Johnson. [1] It focuses on situational leadership theory and recommends chapters 8-10 and 12-17 as especially important. [2] Situational leadership involves matching one's leadership style to followers' readiness levels and adapting one's style to meet changing needs. [3] Effective leadership requires flexibility and the ability to diagnose situations to apply the optimal style.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Educational PhilosophyWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged and how its philosophical perspectives relate to leadership strategies and today's world. It provides context on Rand and her objectivist philosophy, which emerged from her experience under communist rule. Atlas Shrugged portrays a dystopian future where talented innovators go on strike against growing government control. The document examines how Rand's ideas around individualism, morality and business relate to postmodern views of knowledge, existence and ethics. It explores how concepts in her novel like John Galt's resistance movement still resonate with business leaders facing today's economic challenges.
This document summarizes a journal article about the challenges that teachers and administrators face in a era of high-stakes testing. It discusses how administrators are often focused on test performance and accountability, which negatively impacts teacher morale and student learning. It also notes that many administrators are not highly qualified and lack the necessary skills to support teachers. As a result, students in low-income schools often receive a neglected education and have limited opportunities to succeed academically.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between the ethics training of elementary school principals and student performance. The study found a significant relationship, such that higher levels of ethics training for principals were associated with better student performance. This has implications for how educational leaders are prepared and trained. The document provides context on the importance of ethics and values for school leadership. It reviews literature on concepts like ethical decision making, moral leadership, and creating an environment where shared values support learning.
The document lists the graduates of the PhD Program in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University between 2006-2011. It provides the names of 39 total graduates, the cohorts they were part of, their graduation dates, and their dissertation chairs. The most prolific dissertation chair was Dr. Kritsonis, who chaired 20 dissertations, while the other chairs ranged from advising 1 to 7 graduates each.
C O M P U T E R A N D I N T E R N E T L A W I N P U B L I C S C H O O L SWilliam Kritsonis
This document discusses computer and internet law as it relates to public schools. It outlines that 21 states have internet filtering laws for schools and libraries to restrict minor access to inappropriate content. It also summarizes the Supreme Court ruling upholding the Federal Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) which requires schools and libraries to use internet filters to receive certain federal funding. Finally, it provides recommendations for schools to establish acceptable use policies and choose filtering software that aligns with their policies to comply with CIPA.
Lunenburg, fred c models of decision making focus v4 n1 2010William Kritsonis
The article discusses three models of decision making that can help school leaders determine the appropriate level of follower involvement: [1] The decision tree model identifies key characteristics of a problem situation and matches them to decision-making styles ranging from authoritarian to participatory. [2] The decision-making pattern choice model outlines a continuum from boss-centered to subordinate-centered decision making based on forces within the leader, followers, situation and goals. [3] The synergistic decision making model promotes effective communication through listening, responding, reinforcing and clarifying to build on ideas and encourage diverse viewpoints for higher quality decisions.
1) A school principal reported a teacher to Child Protective Services for allegedly hitting a student with a chair based on interviews with the student and others. The teacher sued the principal for defamation and conspiracy.
2) The court found that the principal was entitled to immunity for reports made in good faith to child protective services. Affidavits from the principal and others provided facts to support making the report in good faith.
3) The judgment was reversed and summary judgment granted for the principal, finding that immunity applied since a reasonable principal could have believed the report was required based on the information provided.
This document summarizes 5 court cases related to public school employment in Texas.
Case 1 discusses a JROTC instructor, Montez, who was fired for not having proper certification. The court determined he was not a "teacher" under Texas law and did not have due process rights.
Case 2 involves a teacher's aide, Barbre, who claimed she was fired for protected speech at a school board meeting. The court found her speech was not protected and she did not have tenure rights.
Case 3 examines a non-renewed teacher, Russell, who argued he had due process rights. The court disagreed, noting he only had a one-year contract as a new employee.
Case 4
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Censorship of Student Publications, PPT.William Kritsonis
The document discusses censorship of student publications and free speech rights in schools. It summarizes key Supreme Court cases like Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, which found that school-sponsored publications are subject to more censorship, while underground publications can only be regulated by time and place of distribution, not content. It also discusses cases involving religious publications in schools and free speech rights for student internet expression like in Beussink v. Woodland.
Censorhsip student publications - Employment Law - Lecture Notes William Alla...William Kritsonis
The First Amendment protects freedom of speech and press, prohibiting laws that infringe on these rights. Regulations of student publications in public schools are governed by Supreme Court precedent. School-sponsored publications can be censored for legitimate pedagogical reasons, while nonschool publications can only have restrictions on time, place and manner of distribution, not content. For internet speech, one court ruled that a student's critical homepage did not interfere with school and suspending the student violated his free speech rights.
Professor William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington.Dr. Kritsonis has traveled and lectured extensively throughout the United States and world-wide. Some international travels include Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Monte Carlo, England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Switzerland, Grand Cayman, Haiti, St. Maarten, St. John, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Nassau, Freeport, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Canada, Curacao, Costa Rico, Aruba, Venezuela, Panama, Bora Bora, Tahiti, Latvia, Spain, Honduras, and many more. He has been invited to lecture and serve as a guest professor at many universities across the nation and abroad.
The document provides guidance on religion in public schools. It discusses several issues including voluntary student prayer, student-initiated classroom prayer, student proselytization, religious content in homework, religious exemptions, religious books in curriculum, religious holiday observances, and student garb/religious symbols. The general principles are that students have rights to religious expression as long as it does not endorse or promote religion or substantially disrupt school activities. School policies must be neutral towards religion.
DEBATE 22 EDUCATION POLICYASSIGNING STUDENTS TO SCHOOLS BA.docxedwardmarivel
DEBATE
22
EDUCATION POLICY
ASSIGNING STUDENTS TO SCHOOLS BASED ON RACE:
Justified or Unacceptable? ADVOCATE: National Education Association, et al.
JUSTIFIED
SOURCE: Amicus curiae brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) UNACCEPTABLE
ADVOCATE: Asian American Legal Foundation
SOURCE: Amicus curiae brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
The intersection between education and race has long sparked emotional debate. Prior to the Civil War it was uncommon and in some places illegal to educate children who were not white. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) requiring equal protection of the law for all citizens made it illegal to overtly deny children of color an education or to give them an expressly inferior one. However, the changes were more cosmetic that substantive. In many places, Jim Crow laws legalized accommo- dations that were supposedly “separate but equal,” but in reality were highly unequal. Blacks were the most numerous victims, but Asian Americans, Hispanics, and others also were relegated to second-class facilities and services. The Supreme Court upheld this fictitious equality in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), a case that involved railroad car accommodations but also applied to schools and many other points of segregation. That decision stood until the Supreme Court overturned it in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Writing for the unanimous court, Chief Justice Earl Warren opined that in “public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
Over the years, the application Brown v. Board of Education slowly eliminated the overtly intentional school segregation, but, like the Fourteenth Amendment, there was a large gap between theoretical importance and practical impact. Two factors lim- ited Brown. One was that some school districts build schools or drew district lines in ways that maintained or created schools that were de facto racially segregated. The second factor involved living patterns. Whites fled cities to the suburbs or sent their children to private schools to avoid racially integrated schools, and urban schools became more and more minority dominated. These population shifts also left cities with diminished tax bases, and the schools declined for want of adequate funding.
In response, the courts moved to a more proactive stance. In a case involving the region centered on Charlotte, North Carolina, where schools remained very segre- gated and the school board resisted moving to desegregate, a federal judge in 1965 found that the segregation was intentional, ordered that all 105 schools integrate, and specified that children be bussed between schools in necessary. The Supreme Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) unanimously backed
2
John T. Rourke, You Decide! 2012 Copy.
The document summarizes three Supreme Court cases:
1) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white car of a train. The Court ruled racial segregation did not violate the 13th or 14th Amendments as long as facilities were equal.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) established the standard that school officials need reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, to conduct searches of students. A student's purse was searched for cigarettes and drugs were found.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988
1) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier established that public school administrators can censor student newspapers if they have educational reasons. The principal's removal of articles on divorce and pregnancy from the school paper was found to be justified.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches by school officials but a lower standard of "reasonable suspicion" rather than probable cause is required. A search of a student's purse that revealed marijuana was deemed reasonable.
3) Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, finding that segregated facilities did not necessarily violate the 14th Amendment as long as
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor
In 2008, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor, Graduate School, Prairie View A&M University – The Texas A&M University System. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students.
Dr. Kritsonis Lectures at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England. His lecture was entitled the Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
The document discusses several Supreme Court cases related to freedom of expression by teachers and students in schools. It summarizes key rulings such as Pickering v. Board of Education which established that teachers have a right to freedom of expression as citizens. It also discusses guidelines for determining when teacher or student speech is protected, such as ensuring it is relevant to the classroom topic. Expressions that materially disrupt class or violate others' rights may not be protected.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Students Rights, Student Freedom of Speech, Student Expression, Pickering and other cases, Censsorship of Student Publications, Due Process, Discrimination, Diversity, Multicultural Issues, Personnel Administration
Professor William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington.Dr. Kritsonis has traveled and lectured extensively throughout the United States and world-wide. Some international travels include Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Monte Carlo, England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Switzerland, Grand Cayman, Haiti, St. Maarten, St. John, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Nassau, Freeport, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Canada, Curacao, Costa Rico, Aruba, Venezuela, Panama, Bora Bora, Tahiti, Latvia, Spain, Honduras, and many more. He has been invited to lecture and serve as a guest professor at many universities across the nation and abroad.
Project Case Briefs - Freedom of Religion - Due Process - Freedom of Express...William Kritsonis
This case involved a challenge to a school district's policy of including prayers led by clergy at middle school graduation ceremonies. A rabbi was invited to deliver prayers at a graduation ceremony according to the school district's guidelines. A student's father sued, arguing this violated the Establishment Clause. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that including clergy-led prayers at public school graduations is unconstitutional, as it places public school students in a position of participating in a state-sponsored religious exercise. While the government can acknowledge religion, it cannot coerce participation in religious activities. This established limits on prayer and religious exercises in public schools.
This document summarizes the 1972 Supreme Court case Wisconsin v. Yoder, which established that Amish parents have a constitutional right to withdraw their children from compulsory school attendance after the eighth grade. The Court ruled that Wisconsin's compulsory attendance law, which required children to attend school until age 16, placed an unreasonable burden on the free exercise of the Amish religion. While states have an interest in universal education, that interest must be balanced against fundamental rights like religious freedom. The Court found Wisconsin failed to demonstrate its interest in compelling additional years of education was sufficiently high to override the Amish parents' religious interests.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their child takes or to send their child to public school part-time.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. Annie's parents sued, arguing this policy violated their constitutional rights. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have the right to pick and choose specific classes or control every aspect of their child's education if it conflicts with the school's authority over curriculum and resource allocation.
C E N S O R S H I P O F S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O NWilliam Kritsonis
The document summarizes two important Supreme Court cases related to censorship of student publications: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988). Tinker established that students can express personal opinions unless it causes disruption, while Hazelwood allowed more censorship if the publication was school-sponsored. The document also discusses how courts have dealt with obscenity, vulgar language, and defining school-sponsored vs open forum student publications.
The US Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker v. Des Moines established that students can express personal opinions on controversial subjects unless it causes disruption. It involved students suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The 1988 case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier allowed more censorship of student publications that are school-sponsored. It distinguished between publications for educational purposes versus student expression forums. Courts have generally allowed censorship of obscene or libelous material in student publications, while vulgar language censorship depends on context.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. Her parents sued alleging constitutional violations. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their children take at public schools. The district has discretion over curriculum and resource allocation.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Censorship of Student Publications, PPT.William Kritsonis
The US Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker v. Des Moines established that students can express personal opinions on controversial subjects unless it causes disruption. It involved students suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The 1988 Hazelwood decision allowed schools more censorship over school-sponsored publications. It distinguished censorship of publications meant for student expression versus those meant to teach journalism skills. Courts have upheld censorship of obscenity, libel, and vulgarity, but the extent of censorship of student publications remains unclear.
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
C E N S O R H S I P S T U D E N T P U B L I C A T I O N S
1. You can’t tell me what to write! William Allan Kritsonis, PhD Censorship of Student Publication
2. The First Amendment The First Amendment to the united State Constitution is part of the united State Bill of Rights that expressly prohibits the United Sates Congress form making laws “respecting an establishment of religion” or that prohibit the free exercise of religion, laws that infringe the freedom of speech, infringe the freedom of the press, limit the right to peaceably assemble, or limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
3. In the First Amendment the founding Fathers gave the free press the protection it must have to fulfill its essential role in our democracy. The press was to serve the governed, not the governors. The government’s power to sensor the press was abolished so that the press would remain forever free to censure the Government.
4. Freedom of the press in the public schools, however, is governed by a different set of constitutional precedents. Regulations of the students newspapers is subject to the Supreme Court decision in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
5. Four Categories of Litigations Concerning Publications School-sponsored newspapers Nonschool, or underground, newspapers written and distributed by students Materials distributed by students at school but written and published by nonstudents Internet
6. School Sponsored Hazelwood decision permitted the school to control or censor a school-sponsored paper. Nonschool publications may be regulated only by time, place, and manner of distribution; they cannot be regulated as to content. These restrictions are contingent upon the school having created a limited public forum as opposed to a nonpublic or closed forum. In Hazelwood – the court said that the school paper (theatrical productions, and other expression perceived to “bear the imprimatur”) was not a public forum.
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12. Articles references to birth control and sexual activity were inappropriate for some younger students
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14. Internet and Free Speech Beussink v. Woodland R-IV School District Beussink claims that the Woodland School District suspended hem from school for ten days because he had posted a homepage on the Internet which was critical of Woodland High School. The homepage's criticism of the high school included crude and vulgar language.
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17. The harm to the student is greater than that to the district if the injunction is not granted.
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19. Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995) Wide-Awake Productions was denied funding for its newspaper, Wide Awake: A Christian Perspective at the University of Virginia, because it “primarily promotes a particular belief in or about a deity or an ultimate reality” The University unlike most used its Student Activities Fund to pay the printing cost not the university’s funds.
20. Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995)(School Editorials) Decision of the Court: Ruled as unconstitutional student organization funding systems in which some student organization expression (e.g., publications, speakers, posters) was paid for by the university, but that by student religious organization was not.
21. Other Cases to Note Widmar v. Vincet (1981) Lemon v. Kurtzman (1981) Abood v. Detroit Board of Education Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (1990) Kincaid v. Gibson (1997) Lamb’s Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District (1993)
Editor's Notes
Imprimatur - approval of a publication under circumstances of official censorship
Page was created not evidence that he used school facilities or resources. Used vulgar language to convey his opinion regarding teachers, the principal and school’s homepageInvited reading to contact the school to communicate their opinions and provided a hyperlink for readers to access the school’s homepage from his.Showed a friend at home and she was upset about itShe told a teacher the next day, but Beussink had not given her the address; teacher pulled up his homepage and told the administration. The principal viewed itStudent was disciplined because the principal was upset that it had been view at school {he did not know other students have viewed the page by the end of the day as well}. Additionally, he was told to “clean up” his homepage.Student suspended for 5 days then a second notice was send that he would be suspended for an additional 5 days.School has absenteeism policy that drops students’ grades in each class by one letter grade for each unexcused absence in excess of ten days. Student had 8.5 but the additional 10 made it 18.5 days.
BOE Westside v. Mergens: Court ruled that school districts establish limited public form when the allow formation of non-curricular student groups, and thus cannot deny permission for students to form religious clubs.Lamb’s case: Court granted use of public school buildings ot an evangelical group that wanted to show a six-part fil series on family life from a Christian perspective. NY law states that school building can be used for community groups but not religious. It was argued that they allowed a “New Age religious group,” access to buildings.