This document provides an introduction to cell biology. It discusses the objectives of familiarizing students with the early history of cell biology and the basic properties of cells. It describes how biology is divided into organismic biology, which focuses on whole organisms, and molecular and cellular biology, which studies cell interactions and functions. The key developments in cell theory are outlined, including the earliest observations of cells by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Virchow. The document defines a cell and provides examples. It distinguishes between the two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - describing their characteristics and differences.

1. ‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
‫القضارف‬ ‫جامعة‬
Faculty of Medical Laboratory
Sciences
Cell Biology
Introduction to the course
:
Presented by
HASSAN ELNUR ADAM M.Sc

2. Introduction to the Study of
Cell Biology
Objectives
A brief outline of the early history of cell
biology.
Familiarize with the basic properties of
all cells.
Describe the differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. • Biology = science of life
– Characteristics, classification and behaviors of
organisms,
– how species and individuals come into
existence, and
– the interactions they have with each other and
with their environment.

4. • Modern biology is divided into 2 categories
based on primary level of focus:
–Organismic biology ~ emphasize on biodiversity,
evolutionary relationships , adaptations, and
ecology of plants & animals.
–Molecular & cellular biology
• MB – concerns with interactions between the
various systems of a cell, including the
interrelationship of DNA, RNA, and protein
synthesis and how these interactions are
regulated.
• CB –studies the physiological properties of
cells, as well as their behaviors, interactions,
and environment.

5. Modern Cell Biology
• Involve interweaving of 3 historically distinct
disciplines
1. Cytology (the study of cells)
– Microscopic study of cell structure organization
2. Biochemistry
– chemistry of biological structure & function/cellular
function
3. Genetics
– Information flow

6. The Discovery of Cells
- The cell theory
• The term cell was first used by the English scientist Robert
Hooke (1635-1703), who, in the mid-seventeenth century,
used the term to describe the structure of cork.
• The Dutch scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
made the first recorded observations of bacterial cells
(termed "animalcules") from pond water & tooth scrapings.
• 1830s –importance of cells realised
– 1838 - German botanist Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) observed
that despite differences in tissue structure, all plants tissues were
made of cells.

7. Rudolph Virchow 1821 - 1902

8. Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.

9. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life functions.

10. Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria

11. 11
Organization of the Body

12. Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic

13. Prokaryotes
• Lack a nucleus
• Have a single chromosome
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Include bacteria

14. Prokaryotic
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

15. Eukaryotes
• Contain a nucleus & membrane bound
organelles
• Multiply cells by mitosis

16. Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

17. Questions???

18. Thanks
18