This document discusses cause and result language structures in English. It provides examples of connectors that can be used to indicate cause, such as "because," "as," and "since." It also gives examples showing result connectors like "so," "as a result," and "consequently." Finally, it recommends finding more practice on the author's blog to improve skills with cause and result language.

1. CAUSE AND RESULT

2. 1. CAUSE
Answering the question
why?

3. Because, as, since + clause
• Because
I went to bed at 9.00 p.m. because I was very
tired.
• As (+ formal)
I went to bed at 9.00 p.m. as I was very
tired.
• Since (+ formal)
I went to bed at 9.00 p.m. since I was very
tired.

4. Because of, due to + noun
• Because of
I was twenty minutes late because of the traffic.
• Due to (+ formal)
I was twenty minutes late due to the traffic.
CAREFUL!! You can use due to + the fact that +
clause.
I was twenty minutes late due to the fact that
there was a lot of traffic.

5. 2. RESULT

6. so, as a result, consequently, for this /that
reason, thus, therefore.
• So: to link ideas in the only in the same
sentence.
I had to work, so I couldn´t go fishing last
Saturday.
• The other connectors link ideas in the same or
separate sentences.
I had to finish a lot of work from school last
weekend. As a result/consequently/for this reason I
had to stay in.
–Thus and therefore are a bit more formal.

7. • Find more practice on the blog. Highly
recommended!