7. CAD/CATD
CAD- Computer Aided Designing
CATD- Computer Aided Textile Designing
• Use or Aid of Computers for Designing of products or goods (General term).
• Use of dedicated (special) computerized software for designing of textiles
(include fibres, yarns, fabrics, garments, accessories, home textiles, hi-tech
garments, composites (multilayered textiles) etc)- Specific term
Application areas-
a. Textiles f. Gaming (videos & games)
b. Automotives g. Interior designing
c. Aerospace Industry h. Architecture
d. Medical applications i. Consumer goods as electronic goods etc.
e. Entertainment (Animated movies) j. Machine designing (Use of AUTOCAD)
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8. Need of computers for Textile Designing (decoration
of textile surfaces/fabric surfaces)
Techniques of textile designing-
• Dyeing (full coloration in single color or multiple colors)
• Printing (localized coloration in the form of designs)
• Weaving (fabric design method during weaving)
• Embroidery (surface ornamentation with colorful threads)
• Applique/ Patch work (small pieces of fabrics attached to larger fabrics)
Need of Computers/Advantages of use of computers in Textile designing-
• Faster process (designing becomes faster)
• Increased production rates (A lot of designs can be made in less time)
• Increase accuracy in design and manufactured products (less errors in designs).
• Reduced labour/ designers requirements.
• Complex and miniature designs can be created.
• Data storage is effective and long-lasting.
• Data transfer & communication is far easier.
• Data manipulation & reproduce is quite easy and effective (most important).
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9. Limitations/ disadvantages of use of computers for designing-
• High Initial capital investment (expensive).
• Skilled and literate workforce is required.
• Sophisticated and maintained environment is required.
• Lacks creativity.
Terms used-
• CAD- Computer aided designing (general term)/ CATD
• CAD/CAM- Computer aided designing/Manufacturing
• CAM- Computer aided Manufacturing
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10. CAD is a complete system
• IT or Information Technology in the design process consisting of hardware, software
and related peripherals.
• It involves any type of design that uses computers to develop, manipulate analyze
and optimize the design according to the final requirement.
• CAD is the use of computers system to help or assist in the creation, manipulation,
storage and communication of the designs for the end use.
• CAD is the use of computers to create 2D and 3D designs which means it works on
2D layout design or flat sketches and 3D models.
• CAD doesn’t change the designs process, but it helps the product designers.
• Designer is the artist and CAD is the tool used by the designer to create different
types of products.
• Other terms used for CAD are- CADD (Computer aided drafting & Designing).
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12. HISTORY OF CAD (Origin, Development &
Applications)
1. Designers have always used computers for their design calculations but never for designing.
2. The origin and development of CAD can be broken down into several time periods starting from 20th
century to 21st century.
1940s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
3. In 1940s-1950s- Until this time, computers were only used to solve mathematical problems, but no one
had thought of designing the shapes and objects.
a. The earliest use of computers to design was making symbols and geometric designs for diagrams and
flow charts.
b. It was discovered during this time that an object once created could be easily stored and reproduced
with changes according to the requirement. Orientation and size of the object was also possible to be
changed.
c. CAD was the term given by Researcher named “DOUGLAS T. ROSS in 1959.
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13. 4. In 1960s- In 1960s, major developments were carried out in CAD as 3D CAD/CAM was also invented by
a French Engineer named “Pierre Bezier”.
a. It took about 10 years after the invention of 3D CAD/CAM, when a Sketch PAD was developed in 1963
by a Research Scholar named “Ivan Sutherland” in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
b. This 1st sketch pad was created as the first ever MAN-MACHINE GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM and it was the first ever produced GUI (Graphical User Interface).
c. The Automotive and Aerospace Industry were the main consumers and users of the CAD technology.
d. 2 approaches were followed for Product designing for different automotive companies like FORD (USA),
focused on mathematical (Geometric modeling) definitions of complex surfaces, while other companies
such as LOCKHEED of California focused on improving Drafting and designing techniques. RENAULT
developed a software named CATIA, FORD developed PDGS software (Product Design Graphic System)
and LOCKHEED developed the most successful CAD/CAM.
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15. 5. In 1970s- After 1960s, as computers became affordable, computers were started to be used for other
applications too, but it was still limited to product drawings only.
6. In 1980s-
• Solid modeling was started to be done using ROMULUS & UNISOLID software.
• IBM shipped its first computer in 1982.
• Auto desk (An American MNC) was founded in 1982; invented a 2D system with the name AUTOCAD
to offer a PC based CAD.
• Next important development was the introduction of PRO/ENGINEER software in 1987. It was the 1st
3D modeling application running on MS Windows.
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16. 7. In 1990s-
a. Between 1900-1999, no CAD software was used with
MINIFRAME or MAINFRAME computers, but smaller
and more compact systems were developed.
b. By 1993, 3D CAD became popular.
8. After 2000s-
a. During this time, more special software and hardware
were designed.
b. More interactive software tools were developed.
c. More developments were carried out in the 3D
simulation were done of virtual objects.
d. WINDOWS was developed as the main OS for CAD
software.
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17. By this time, CAD was able to achieve the following objectives-
a. Creating a geometrical representation of the objects or products.
b. Dimensioning
c. Tolerancing
d. Modification
e. Communication/ Transfer of Data between Engineers, Designers etc.
f. Interfacing with next manufacturing steps as CAM-------Resulting in the evolution &
Development of CAD/CAM.
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18. CAD meets CAM
• CAD and CAM came together when CAM utilized CAD
drawings to create its instructions, or toolpaths, to control
automated machine tools. These tools could subsequently
create physical items directly from design files.
• Pierre Bézier created the pioneering surface 3D CAD/CAM
system, UNISURF, between 1966-1968, while working for
the French car manufacturer, Renault. His invention was
designed to aid the design and tooling of cars by
integrating drawing machines, computer control,
interactive free-form curves, surface design and 3D milling
for manufacturing clay models and masters
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20. Future of CAD
• CAD format standardization based on extensible markup
language (XML)
• Full virtual prototypes
• CAD specialization
• Real time ray tracing
• Development of open-source CAD
• Small scale and rapid manufacturing
• Dynamic physical rendering
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