The total cost of hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa ballooned to over $3.5 billion, far exceeding initial estimates of $300 million. Previous major sporting events like the Sydney and Athens Olympics also failed to generate the predicted economic benefits. While infrastructure improvements may benefit South Africa long-term, the financial legacy remains uncertain and dependent on resolving conflicts in the transportation industry.
Spain won the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, defeating the Netherlands 1-0 in the final. Fernando Torres passed to Cesc Fabregas, who found Andres Iniesta for the game-winning goal in extra time. The Spanish midfielders and attackers drew Netherlands defenders away from the goal by moving forward and passing, allowing Iniesta to score uncontested in the box.
The document summarizes the key details of the Match Non-Hotel Accommodation Agreement for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. It outlines Match's role in managing accommodation for the event through reserving rooms from non-hotel properties and using a voucher system. Key aspects covered include room rates, reservation timelines, payment schedules, attrition policies, and the check-in reservation system.
Don’t Know Much About… Faking it Through the Reference Transaction While Sti...Don Boozer
2014 Ohio Library Council Chapter Conferences: "How many librarians does it take to change a light bulb? I don't know, but I'd be happy to look it up for you." Even when a patron asks a question in a topic for which a librarian has no idea where to start looking, our colleagues usually do a good job of finding the information needed. As information professionals, however, we need to sometimes be open to taking the circuitous path or thinking outside the box to find that information. This fast-paced, one-hour reference boot camp will look at challenging reference questions, some strategies for fulfilling those requests, and ways to keep your patrons happy and coming back for more.
The document announces the return of the Unity Cup basketball tournament to be held on April 21-22, 2012 at Seneca College in Toronto. It provides information about the sponsors and partners who are helping to make this year's tournament bigger and better than previous years. The document expresses excitement for the competitive basketball games between top teams and looks forward to crowning new Unity Cup champions.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup was held in South Africa from June 11th to July 11th. It was the first time the tournament was hosted in Africa. South Africa was selected over bids from Egypt, Libya/Tunisia, and Morocco to host the 32 qualifying teams, which were divided into 8 groups of 4 teams each. The matches took place in 10 venues across 9 host cities in South Africa.
Life-Long Learning for Librarians: Free Professional Development and Current ...Don Boozer
2014 Ohio Library Council Chapter Conferences: Libraries tout the fact (and rightly so) that we are bastions of life-long learning for our patrons; however, library staff members sometimes neglect their own continuing professional development. Finding the time is always a challenge, but there is a wealth of free resources available at any time online for librarians to hone skills, stay current on the profession, and learn new things. This presentation will explain what’s available, why it’s important, and how to fit it (almost seamlessly) into your already busy schedule.
1. The document outlines requirements and rules for a competition involving manually controlled bots that must immobilize their opponent.
2. Bots must be no larger than 750mm x 750mm x 1000mm and weigh no more than 35kg. They can use wheels, tracks, legs or ground effect air cushions for mobility.
3. Bots can be controlled either wired or wirelessly and use various magnetic, cutting, flipping or lifting weapons within certain safety restrictions. The winner is decided based on immobilizing the opponent or subjective evaluation if both bots remain mobile.
The total cost of hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa ballooned to over $3.5 billion, far exceeding initial estimates of $300 million. Previous major sporting events like the Sydney and Athens Olympics also failed to generate the predicted economic benefits. While infrastructure improvements may benefit South Africa long-term, the financial legacy remains uncertain and dependent on resolving conflicts in the transportation industry.
Spain won the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, defeating the Netherlands 1-0 in the final. Fernando Torres passed to Cesc Fabregas, who found Andres Iniesta for the game-winning goal in extra time. The Spanish midfielders and attackers drew Netherlands defenders away from the goal by moving forward and passing, allowing Iniesta to score uncontested in the box.
The document summarizes the key details of the Match Non-Hotel Accommodation Agreement for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. It outlines Match's role in managing accommodation for the event through reserving rooms from non-hotel properties and using a voucher system. Key aspects covered include room rates, reservation timelines, payment schedules, attrition policies, and the check-in reservation system.
Don’t Know Much About… Faking it Through the Reference Transaction While Sti...Don Boozer
2014 Ohio Library Council Chapter Conferences: "How many librarians does it take to change a light bulb? I don't know, but I'd be happy to look it up for you." Even when a patron asks a question in a topic for which a librarian has no idea where to start looking, our colleagues usually do a good job of finding the information needed. As information professionals, however, we need to sometimes be open to taking the circuitous path or thinking outside the box to find that information. This fast-paced, one-hour reference boot camp will look at challenging reference questions, some strategies for fulfilling those requests, and ways to keep your patrons happy and coming back for more.
The document announces the return of the Unity Cup basketball tournament to be held on April 21-22, 2012 at Seneca College in Toronto. It provides information about the sponsors and partners who are helping to make this year's tournament bigger and better than previous years. The document expresses excitement for the competitive basketball games between top teams and looks forward to crowning new Unity Cup champions.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup was held in South Africa from June 11th to July 11th. It was the first time the tournament was hosted in Africa. South Africa was selected over bids from Egypt, Libya/Tunisia, and Morocco to host the 32 qualifying teams, which were divided into 8 groups of 4 teams each. The matches took place in 10 venues across 9 host cities in South Africa.
Life-Long Learning for Librarians: Free Professional Development and Current ...Don Boozer
2014 Ohio Library Council Chapter Conferences: Libraries tout the fact (and rightly so) that we are bastions of life-long learning for our patrons; however, library staff members sometimes neglect their own continuing professional development. Finding the time is always a challenge, but there is a wealth of free resources available at any time online for librarians to hone skills, stay current on the profession, and learn new things. This presentation will explain what’s available, why it’s important, and how to fit it (almost seamlessly) into your already busy schedule.
1. The document outlines requirements and rules for a competition involving manually controlled bots that must immobilize their opponent.
2. Bots must be no larger than 750mm x 750mm x 1000mm and weigh no more than 35kg. They can use wheels, tracks, legs or ground effect air cushions for mobility.
3. Bots can be controlled either wired or wirelessly and use various magnetic, cutting, flipping or lifting weapons within certain safety restrictions. The winner is decided based on immobilizing the opponent or subjective evaluation if both bots remain mobile.
Working with Wikipedia: Leveraging the Online Encyclopedia to Serve Your Patr...Don Boozer
For almost fourteen years, Wikipedia has stirred strong emotions among librarians and educators - both pro and con. Regardless of any controversy students, patrons, and - yes - librarians are using Wikipedia, and it remains steadfastly in the top ten most-visited sites on the Internet. If patrons are going to be using Wikipedia, it is in librarians' interest to understand both its strengths and weaknesses and be able to communicate these to local patrons, students, and educators. This presentation will address these concerns and also look at how librarians can use the online encyclopedia to share their expertise and highlight their local resources. Presented at the Ohio Library Council
"An Audience That's All To Play For" - given at MRG Conference in 2010Kantar Media UK
The document discusses the global audience and impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup:
1) The World Cup has the largest global TV audience of any sport with billions watching worldwide.
2) Fan engagement was high across countries like South Africa, Spain, and the Netherlands which saw record audiences.
3) The US final audience of 23.8 million was the most ever for a soccer game.
4) New technologies like streaming, social media, and smartphones expanded the audience beyond traditional TV and engaged younger fans.
Don't Forget to Smile: Utilizing Soft Skills within the Virtual Reference Tra...Don Boozer
Presented at the Michigan Virtual Reference Conference, May 2014.
Description: Expertise in searching, a broad knowledge of resources, and a commitment to professionalism are all hallmarks of a good reference librarian. Communication and interpersonal skills, however, are just as important in providing a quality reference transaction, and translating these “soft skills” into the virtual environment can be challenging. Virtual reference transactions by chat, email, or text provide no visual or auditory cues to the customer or librarian. For this reason, it becomes even more important for librarians to be wary of any unintended assumptions being made by them or any wrong intentions being relayed to the customer. Periodic review of transcripts can be an effective tool in assessing conversational tone and other facets of the interpersonal interaction. Additionally, the hard skills of searching and subject expertise greatly contribute to whether information and resources can be located, but the soft skills determine whether the customer’s experience will be positive and will encourage her or him to seek out assistance in the future. This presentation will use methods, models, and data from Ohio’s statewide virtual reference service to demonstrate the impact of these skills in the online environment and to provide ideas on how these skills can be incorporated into regular assessment and training of librarians providing virtual reference service.
The cisco networking academy net riders indonesia 2010 competitionteknik komputer ui
This document outlines the terms and conditions for the Cisco Networking Academy NetRiders Indonesia 2010 Competition. The competition will take place from September 1, 2010 to October 20, 2010 and is sponsored by Cisco Systems International B.V. The competition consists of a registration period, practice test period, and two rounds. Round one will be a qualifying exam taken on October 7, 2010. The top two scoring contestants from each academy will advance to round two on October 20, 2010. Round two will determine the top three scoring contestants who will represent Indonesia in the international competition on October 28, 2010.
This document outlines the regulations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. It provides information on FIFA leadership and addresses, the Organizing Association for the World Cup (Confederação Brasileira de Futebol), participant responsibilities, eligibility rules, commercial rights, and competition formats. Key details include teams qualifying through preliminary competitions, Brazil automatically qualifying as the host, and FIFA having final authority over all competition matters.
Beyond Google: Not Just for the Reference LibrarianDon Boozer
While Google remains one of the Internet's most useful tools, it does have its limitations and frustrations. Google Search doesn't (yet) find absolutely everything, so it's good to have multiple tools and strategies ready at your fingertips. This program will provide some alternatives to the Google gargantuan and describe how, when, and why to steer clear of it and navigate to other ports of information. Presented at the NEO Staff Day 2014, Kent, Ohio.
To learn best practices and discover tips for planning and selling basketball promotions, as well as find inspiration in past success stories, flip through the How to Drive Revenue & Audience with Basketball Promotions webinar slide deck.
The document describes a presentation competition called Buckeye Battledecks: The Tournament in Toledo. Contestants had 5 minutes to present on the topic of "Innovation without Perspiration" using a slide deck format. Judges scored the presentations based on criteria like content, gestures, flow, audience response and timing. The document provides the rules of the competition and examples of slides from participant presentations.
This document summarizes Hero's marketing efforts around the Sunburn music festival. It discusses Hero's dedicated microsite for the event, a "Hero Bike Jockey" app that lets users mix bike sounds with music, contests on Twitter and Facebook to win tickets, photos from Hero stalls at festival locations that garnered thousands of likes and shares, and a TV commercial featuring DJ Axwell riding a Hero motorcycle to the festival stage. The campaigns successfully increased Hero's social media following and engagement across platforms.
Reference Is Dead! Long Live Reference! The Future of Reference ServicesDon Boozer
Has Google made reference librarians obsolete? Is a golden age of librarianship being ushered in? Technology has had a democratizing effect on the availability of information, but what does this mean for reference services? The future of reference services has yet to be written, and there are both challenges as well as opportunities ahead. A panel of experts will confront these questions from a variety of perspectives including public and academic, front-line and administrative, and adult and young adult. Come and join this timely and thought-provoking discussion. - Presented at the Ohio Library Council Convention & Expo 2014
Battledecks 2012 at the American Library Assoc. annual conferenceJanie Hermann
Battledecks is not for the faint of heart. It is a nerve-wracking event where those competing must create a coherent presentation from a deck of slides that they have never seen before. This is truly the perfect way to end any conference experience as courageous individuals compete for the glory of being crowned the next champ.
12 slides, 4 minutes and make sense.The rules are basic, but, as always, "There Can Be Only One".
Comparative Analysis Of Coca Cola & Pepsi 2013 (Financial Ratio Analysis )Abee Sharma
The beverage industry refers to the industry that produces drinks. Beverage Production can vary greatly depending on which beverage is being made. Thewebsite ManufacturingDrinks.com explains that, "bottling facilities differ in thetypes of bottling lines they operate and the types of products they can run".Other bits of required information include the knowledge of if said beverage iscanned or bottled, hot-fill or cold-fill, and natural or conventional. Innovations in the beverage industry, catalyzed by requests for non-alcoholic beverages, include beverage plants, beverage processing, and beverage packing.
First of all, I will tell you a little bit more about the Coca-cola company.
Secondly, I give a financial analysis and explain the comparing quarters of 2010 and 2011.
Further, we go through the stock-price movements of one year.
And at last a final conclusion about the company.
FIFA/Coca Cola World cup presentation in suriname.AlphaMax Academy
President Bouterse addresses an audience about Suriname receiving the Coca Cola FIFA World Cup Trophy tour. He expresses pride that Suriname, as the Pro Tempore Presidency of UNASUR, is part of the tour. Suriname values soccer and has been trying to qualify for the World Cup finals since 1962, with their silent dream being to make the finals one day. The president urges youth to never forget that they are the masters of their fate and captains of their souls, and to believe in themselves to become champions.
The document outlines the rules and structure for an autonomous robot maze competition with four rounds: Elimination, Quarter Finals, Semi Finals, and Finals. Teams of up to 4 students can register multiple robots to compete in solo matches in the Elimination Round to earn a spot in the single-elimination tournament. Scoring is based on collecting coins in different zones, with inner zone coins worth the most. Robots must fit within size limits and use only onboard power and control. The top 2 teams will advance to the Finals for the chance to collect the bonus center coin and win.
Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. It currently offers over 500 brands in over 200 countries. The document discusses Coca-Cola's evolution and expansion internationally from the 1880s. It provides details on Coca-Cola's marketing strategy and promotions in India, including branding, celebrity endorsements, advertising campaigns, and use of social media. Coca-Cola's marketing approach aims to align the brand with Indian culture while building visibility and associations with cricket, cinema and music.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Working with Wikipedia: Leveraging the Online Encyclopedia to Serve Your Patr...Don Boozer
For almost fourteen years, Wikipedia has stirred strong emotions among librarians and educators - both pro and con. Regardless of any controversy students, patrons, and - yes - librarians are using Wikipedia, and it remains steadfastly in the top ten most-visited sites on the Internet. If patrons are going to be using Wikipedia, it is in librarians' interest to understand both its strengths and weaknesses and be able to communicate these to local patrons, students, and educators. This presentation will address these concerns and also look at how librarians can use the online encyclopedia to share their expertise and highlight their local resources. Presented at the Ohio Library Council
"An Audience That's All To Play For" - given at MRG Conference in 2010Kantar Media UK
The document discusses the global audience and impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup:
1) The World Cup has the largest global TV audience of any sport with billions watching worldwide.
2) Fan engagement was high across countries like South Africa, Spain, and the Netherlands which saw record audiences.
3) The US final audience of 23.8 million was the most ever for a soccer game.
4) New technologies like streaming, social media, and smartphones expanded the audience beyond traditional TV and engaged younger fans.
Don't Forget to Smile: Utilizing Soft Skills within the Virtual Reference Tra...Don Boozer
Presented at the Michigan Virtual Reference Conference, May 2014.
Description: Expertise in searching, a broad knowledge of resources, and a commitment to professionalism are all hallmarks of a good reference librarian. Communication and interpersonal skills, however, are just as important in providing a quality reference transaction, and translating these “soft skills” into the virtual environment can be challenging. Virtual reference transactions by chat, email, or text provide no visual or auditory cues to the customer or librarian. For this reason, it becomes even more important for librarians to be wary of any unintended assumptions being made by them or any wrong intentions being relayed to the customer. Periodic review of transcripts can be an effective tool in assessing conversational tone and other facets of the interpersonal interaction. Additionally, the hard skills of searching and subject expertise greatly contribute to whether information and resources can be located, but the soft skills determine whether the customer’s experience will be positive and will encourage her or him to seek out assistance in the future. This presentation will use methods, models, and data from Ohio’s statewide virtual reference service to demonstrate the impact of these skills in the online environment and to provide ideas on how these skills can be incorporated into regular assessment and training of librarians providing virtual reference service.
The cisco networking academy net riders indonesia 2010 competitionteknik komputer ui
This document outlines the terms and conditions for the Cisco Networking Academy NetRiders Indonesia 2010 Competition. The competition will take place from September 1, 2010 to October 20, 2010 and is sponsored by Cisco Systems International B.V. The competition consists of a registration period, practice test period, and two rounds. Round one will be a qualifying exam taken on October 7, 2010. The top two scoring contestants from each academy will advance to round two on October 20, 2010. Round two will determine the top three scoring contestants who will represent Indonesia in the international competition on October 28, 2010.
This document outlines the regulations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. It provides information on FIFA leadership and addresses, the Organizing Association for the World Cup (Confederação Brasileira de Futebol), participant responsibilities, eligibility rules, commercial rights, and competition formats. Key details include teams qualifying through preliminary competitions, Brazil automatically qualifying as the host, and FIFA having final authority over all competition matters.
Beyond Google: Not Just for the Reference LibrarianDon Boozer
While Google remains one of the Internet's most useful tools, it does have its limitations and frustrations. Google Search doesn't (yet) find absolutely everything, so it's good to have multiple tools and strategies ready at your fingertips. This program will provide some alternatives to the Google gargantuan and describe how, when, and why to steer clear of it and navigate to other ports of information. Presented at the NEO Staff Day 2014, Kent, Ohio.
To learn best practices and discover tips for planning and selling basketball promotions, as well as find inspiration in past success stories, flip through the How to Drive Revenue & Audience with Basketball Promotions webinar slide deck.
The document describes a presentation competition called Buckeye Battledecks: The Tournament in Toledo. Contestants had 5 minutes to present on the topic of "Innovation without Perspiration" using a slide deck format. Judges scored the presentations based on criteria like content, gestures, flow, audience response and timing. The document provides the rules of the competition and examples of slides from participant presentations.
This document summarizes Hero's marketing efforts around the Sunburn music festival. It discusses Hero's dedicated microsite for the event, a "Hero Bike Jockey" app that lets users mix bike sounds with music, contests on Twitter and Facebook to win tickets, photos from Hero stalls at festival locations that garnered thousands of likes and shares, and a TV commercial featuring DJ Axwell riding a Hero motorcycle to the festival stage. The campaigns successfully increased Hero's social media following and engagement across platforms.
Reference Is Dead! Long Live Reference! The Future of Reference ServicesDon Boozer
Has Google made reference librarians obsolete? Is a golden age of librarianship being ushered in? Technology has had a democratizing effect on the availability of information, but what does this mean for reference services? The future of reference services has yet to be written, and there are both challenges as well as opportunities ahead. A panel of experts will confront these questions from a variety of perspectives including public and academic, front-line and administrative, and adult and young adult. Come and join this timely and thought-provoking discussion. - Presented at the Ohio Library Council Convention & Expo 2014
Battledecks 2012 at the American Library Assoc. annual conferenceJanie Hermann
Battledecks is not for the faint of heart. It is a nerve-wracking event where those competing must create a coherent presentation from a deck of slides that they have never seen before. This is truly the perfect way to end any conference experience as courageous individuals compete for the glory of being crowned the next champ.
12 slides, 4 minutes and make sense.The rules are basic, but, as always, "There Can Be Only One".
Comparative Analysis Of Coca Cola & Pepsi 2013 (Financial Ratio Analysis )Abee Sharma
The beverage industry refers to the industry that produces drinks. Beverage Production can vary greatly depending on which beverage is being made. Thewebsite ManufacturingDrinks.com explains that, "bottling facilities differ in thetypes of bottling lines they operate and the types of products they can run".Other bits of required information include the knowledge of if said beverage iscanned or bottled, hot-fill or cold-fill, and natural or conventional. Innovations in the beverage industry, catalyzed by requests for non-alcoholic beverages, include beverage plants, beverage processing, and beverage packing.
First of all, I will tell you a little bit more about the Coca-cola company.
Secondly, I give a financial analysis and explain the comparing quarters of 2010 and 2011.
Further, we go through the stock-price movements of one year.
And at last a final conclusion about the company.
FIFA/Coca Cola World cup presentation in suriname.AlphaMax Academy
President Bouterse addresses an audience about Suriname receiving the Coca Cola FIFA World Cup Trophy tour. He expresses pride that Suriname, as the Pro Tempore Presidency of UNASUR, is part of the tour. Suriname values soccer and has been trying to qualify for the World Cup finals since 1962, with their silent dream being to make the finals one day. The president urges youth to never forget that they are the masters of their fate and captains of their souls, and to believe in themselves to become champions.
The document outlines the rules and structure for an autonomous robot maze competition with four rounds: Elimination, Quarter Finals, Semi Finals, and Finals. Teams of up to 4 students can register multiple robots to compete in solo matches in the Elimination Round to earn a spot in the single-elimination tournament. Scoring is based on collecting coins in different zones, with inner zone coins worth the most. Robots must fit within size limits and use only onboard power and control. The top 2 teams will advance to the Finals for the chance to collect the bonus center coin and win.
Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. It currently offers over 500 brands in over 200 countries. The document discusses Coca-Cola's evolution and expansion internationally from the 1880s. It provides details on Coca-Cola's marketing strategy and promotions in India, including branding, celebrity endorsements, advertising campaigns, and use of social media. Coca-Cola's marketing approach aims to align the brand with Indian culture while building visibility and associations with cricket, cinema and music.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
CAT 2008 Post-Tournament Evaluation: The Mertacor's Perspective
1. Lampros C. Stavrogiannis and Pericles A. Mitkas
Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
TADA-09, Pasadena, California, USA, July 13, 2009
2. CAT 2008
The Global CE
Mertacor Specialist
Evaluation
Conclusions
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 2
5. Global CE
NYSE
LSE ASE Global Market
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 5
6. Estimation
Observations
Constant private values
Buyers underbid almost
as much as sellers overbid
Real and reported global
CE almost coincide
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 6
7. Estimation
Record
Traders’ highest bids and lowest asks
Traders’ number of goods traded
Subscribe to opponent specialists
Construct global aggregate demand and supply
≥ 80% of traders’ population
4-heap algorithm
009 Pericles A. Mitkas 7
8. Estimation
Sellers Traders Buyers
Games 2008
Mean expected APE = 0.9%
- Mean APE smaller
Mean first trading day = 6
- 4 different opponents each day
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 8
10. Accept shouts
Quote-Accepting Policy
Match shouts
Matching Policy
Transactions time
Clearing Policy
Transactions price
Pricing Policy
Specialist’s profit
Charging Policy
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 10
11. Beat global CE price
4-heap algorithm
Highest bids <-> Lowest asks
Transactions cleared at the
First rounds end of each round
of each day
(CH phase)
Global CE price
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 11
12. Beat the quote
NYSE rule
4-heap algorithm
Continuous clearing
Remaining
rounds
(CDA phase) Modified side-biased pricing
Balance buyers and sellers
More profit to the globally
intra-marginal traders
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 12
13. Limited Score-Based
Charging
Profit fee
- Discriminatory charging
- [0.1, 0.3]
Beat opponents with higher
cumulative scores in time
intervals proportional to score
differences
- Pay attention to lower opponents
with higher daily scores
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 13
14. Heterogeneous Populations
1-1
1-N
- 1 Mertacor against 5 opponents
- 1 opponent against 5 Mertacor specialists
Traders’ strategy mix identical to that of the
final games for 2008
Homogeneous Populations
6 specialists
ZI-C trading agents worst case analysis
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 14
15. 1-1
Profit-share
Market-share
Score
TSR
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 15
16. 1-1
Daily Results
Convergence for MANX and jackaroo
Mertacor vs. MANX Mertacor vs. jackaroo
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 16
17. 1-N
1 Opponent vs. 5 Mertacors 1 Mertacor vs. 5 Opponents
9 Pericles A. Mitkas 17
20. Novel estimation of the global CE
Accurate
Rapid
Independent of pricing policies
Further modification for more dynamic
environments
Results in accordance to CAT 2008
Mertacor
Second most profitable specialist
Problems with TSR
009
η, Απρίλιος 2009 3οPericles A. Mitkas
ΣΦΗΜΜΥ 25 20
We will first remind you of some essential facts concerning the CAT tournament. Afterwards, we will introduce the notion of the global Competitive Equilibrium and our estimation technique for it. Then, we will shortly describe our agent’s strategies. Continually, we will present our experimental results and, finally, we will provide you with the conclusions of our work.
Each game of CAT consists of 500 virtual days, called trading days, each of which is further divided in 10 trading rounds of fixed duration. In the CAT setting there are multiple double auction markets, which are called specialists, as well as multiple traders or trading agents. Each trader has a trading strategy and a market selection strategy. The former determines their bidding behavior and the latter determines the specialist where they will trade. Each trading agent is endowed with a private value, which is drawn from an unknown distribution at the start of the game and remains constant for the rest of it, as well as with a number of goods to trade (called the entitlement of the trader). Traders are able to submit offers (or shouts). Sellers’ offers are called asks and buyers’ offers are called bids. Traders’ shouts are single-unit, meaning that every shout expresses the desire to trade one unit of the good, and persistent, meaning that, once submitted, these shouts remain active until they result in a transaction or the end of the day is reached. The evaluation of the contestants commences and terminates in randomly selected trading days and their score is the sum of the daily scores across these days. The daily score is the mean value of three metrics: (i) the market-share, which is the percentage of the total traders’ population registered in the market, (ii) the profit-share, which is the ratio of the daily profit a specialist obtains to the profit of all specialists, and, (iii) the transaction success rate (TSR), which is the percentage of the shouts accepted that result in transactions
According to the theory of microeconomics, the aggregate demand and supply curves of a system are expected to meet at a point (that is a pair of price and quantity), which is called the competitive equilibrium of the market and where the allocative efficiency is maximized, if all of the transactions are cleared at its price.
In a global economy every stock market has its own CE. The global CE is the CE of the equivalent global market where all the trading agents would trade had it not been their splitting due to the existence of multiple specialists. In a competitive scenario, like CAT, where we have mechanisms with payments, it is important for a competitor to identify this point and coordinate its CE with it in order to be both efficient and profitable.
Our estimation of this point is based on some observations about the game. The first one is that traders’ private values are constant during each game and secondly that, from our experiments, we have observed that buyers’ and sellers’ mean profit margin are nearly equal. So, as depicted in the figure of the slide, real and reported global CE almost coincide.
To estimate this point, our specialist traces buyers’ highest bids and sellers’ lowest asks submitted, as well as their entitlement. We are also using the possibility of subscription to some of the opponents, thus gaining information to the shouts submitted in their markets, so as to accelerate our estimation process. When a sufficient number of traders have been explored (80% of the total traders’ population for the games of 2008), we use the 4-heap algorithm to construct the global aggregate demand and supply curves and obtain the estimated global CE.
You can see in this slide the estimated private value distributions for the sellers, the buyers and all the trading agents, as they were obtained from our record for the first final game of 2008. The form of the pdfs is similar for the rest of the games. As can be seen, our estimated pdf is very close to the real theoretical uniform pdf for this game. The mean expected absolute percentage error for our estimation is 0.9% for the three games and we were able to have our estimated global CE very soon within the game (since the 6 th trading day on the average)
This is the architecture of our specialist, Mertacor. The Market Client is the communication component of our agent with the server. There is also a registry where recorded information is stored. The auctioneer is responsible for the coordination of the agent’s strategies as well as the communication with the market client and the registry components. Finally, there are five different policies providing solutions to an equal number of problems a specialist faces.
So, a specialist should first filter the shouts to be placed in its market. This is the task of the quote-accepting policy. After that, the matching policy determines the way that these shouts should be matched for potential transactions. Then, the clearing policy decides when the transactions will be cleared and their price will be determined by the pricing policy. Finally, the charging policy is responsible for the fees a specialist should charge traders for its services. We will now discuss these policies as they were implemented in our market.
For the first rounds of each day, Mertacor acts like a Clearing-House market. Qualified shouts must beat the estimated global CE price. Then, Mertacor utilizes the 4-heap algorithm for the matching operation, so that highest bids are matched with lowest asks. All of the transactions are cleared at the end of each round and their price is set at the price of the estimated global CE.
For the remaining rounds, Mertacor acts like a CDA market. So, accepted shouts must beat current quote. The matching policy is the same but a transaction is cleared as soon as there is a matchable pair of bids and asks. For this phase, Mertacor implements a modified version of the side-biased pricing rule, introduced by IAMwildCAT in 2007. The objective of this policy is to balance buyer and seller populations in the market. Our modification lies in the case when a transaction between a globally intra-marginal and a globally extra-marginal trader takes place, where we make sure that the former obtains a greater profit.
Mertacor charges only a profit fee (percentage of the traders’ profit from a transaction), which is limited in the interval [10%,30%]. We selected this fee for two reasons: the first one is that only profitable traders should pay for our services. Secondly, this is the only type of fees that allows us to implement a discriminatory charging rule, which we believe to be the most fair type of charging. Our charging policy is score-based. More specifically. Mertacor tries to beat opponents with higher cumulative scores in time intervals proportional to their score differences, but also considers opponents with highly daily scores, which might threaten its position in the game.
We conducted a number of experiments to compare our specialist with the remaining contestants. Our experiments can be distinguished in three types: (i) one-to-one experiments, where one opponent is compared against Mertacor, (ii)one-to-many experiments, where many opponents are compared against one Mertacor, and, conversely, many Mertacor specialists are compared against one opponent, and, finally (iii) experiments with homogeneous populations of specialists where all the markets implement the same strategies. In the first two cases, we have used the same strategy mix for traders as with the games of 2008 and we have assessed the specialists mainly according to their scores. For the homogeneous case, we have made a worst-case analysis, where traders follow the ZI-C strategy, and specialists are assessed according to their global allocative efficiency and global coefficient of convergence. The former is the ratio of the traders’ profit to their maximum profit in the equivalent single global market. The global coefficient of convergence is proportional to the standard deviation of the transaction prices from the global competitive equilibrium price divided by the latter price.
This slide presents our results for the one-to-one scenario. The polar coordinates of each vertex of the solid-line polygon represent Mertacor’s score, whereas the coordinates of the vertices of the dashed-line polygon represent opponents’ respective scores. As can be seen, Mertacor is beaten by PersianCAT and jackaroo and wins over the other specialists. Although Mertacor is the second most profitable specialist, its TSR is low, resulting in a lower score than these two opponents mentioned before.
We have also plotted the score results on a daily basis for our experiments. Score differences are constant for the majority of the opponents, except for jackaroo and especially MANX, where we can see a relative convergence.
These are the results of the one-to-many scenario. We can see that these results are qualitatively similar to the one-to-one case. We can see a significantly higher score for Mertacor, when it faces multiple DOG and IAMwildCAT opponents, but this is mainly due to the differences in their charging policies implemented.
This slide presents our results for the homogeneous population of specialists, and more specifically, the values of the global allocative efficiency. MANX specialists provide the most efficient results. What’s important is that the values for this metric are greater than 90% for all of the contestants, validating once again the effectiveness of the DA mechanism.
We can also see the results for the global coefficient of convergence. The smaller the value of this metric, the better for a specialist. It is interesting that MANX specialists have the greatest value for this metric, although being the most globally efficient markets. Our high coefficient of convergence is due to the CDA-like policies implemented during the second phase of our strategy.
In this presentation, we have introduced a novel estimation technique for the global competitive equilibrium, which is quite accurate and rapid. Most important it is independent of the transaction prices in the market. Trying to estimate the price of this point from the latter highly depends on the pricing policies implemented by the opponent markets, thus the accuracy of this estimation might be poor when some of the opponents are inefficient, or set their transaction prices according to their – unknown to us – various objectives. This technique works very well for the CAT’s current static scenario but we should modify it to work effectively in more dynamic environments, where traders’ private values are not constant. Our experimental results are generally in accordance to the results of 2008. Finally, we have seen that Mertacor is quite effective in its profit-share, being the second most profitable specialist in our experiments, but there are some problems concerning its TSR, mostly because of the CDA-like policies during the last rounds, which kept our specialist in the 5 th position.