This document contains a series of questions from an exam related to picking odd options out, completing statements, and arranging sentences in logical order. The questions cover topics like grammar, vocabulary, relationships between concepts, and paragraph organization. The document tests a wide range of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills.

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SECTION-I
Directions Question 1 to 10: Pick the odd ffi3ll out
P!ck the odd man out
' ""0 embers
c coke
" will
P!ck the odd man out
' custodian
0 conSignee
c consul
" COnulUSS3JY
P!ck the odd man out
' expound
0 mterpret
c eluadate
" mfer
P!ck the odd man out
' cease
0 launch
c iruhate
" commence
P!ck the odd man out
' adr01t
0 adept
c dextrous
" '""""'"P!ck the odd man out
' oolli<
0 000
c verge
" oom
P!ck the odd man out
' detest
0 abhor
c ardour
" loathe
P!ck the odd man out
' fum"'
0 zealot
c ｾＢ＠
" rahonal
P!ck the odd man out
' sporadic
0 frequent
c mtermttent
" scarce
w P!ck the odd man out
' taatum
b reserved
c clamorous
d s!lent
Directions Q. 11 to 15: Each sentence below 1S
followed by four others Select from the four the one
whtch most complements the idea contamed m the
gtven statement
11 One the one hand. capilahsm reqU!fes the
engme of self-mterest · of greed. if you Wlll·
whtle on the other hand. society requtres
attenl!on to the general mterest-the
a enhancement of greed
b tarrungofgreed
c destrucl!onofgreed
d transfonnal1on of greed and arnmoS!ty
12 BaSically. we hke the free rrarket only as long
as the trend 1S up
a We refuse to see the long-term benefits of
the downward trend
b What we need to culhvate 1S an athtude of
equarum1ty
c We forget for the moment that the thmgs
Wlllpickup
d As soon as the mev:ttable downturn occurs.
we complam bitterly and expect the
government top fix the thmgs
13 Smce they first became part of hvmg room
furruture. telev:tS!on remote controls have
become the advert!ser"s scourge Some
analysts reckon that -;;;c;;:;;;cruc
a the mstruments Wlll tmke TV advert!smg
completely meffecl!ve
b as ffi3llY as a th!rd of all ads are zapped by
m-e
c the mstrument greally interferes Wlth the
watchmg ofwholesome TV progtOlllllles
d soon the advertiSing mdusl!y Wlll have no
ophon but to approach the government to
ban the mstrument
14 The illuSion that 11mes that were are better
thm those that are -;;c:c;;;:;.
a shatters our beliefm future
b has pro!:ably pervaded all ages
c makes ourhves mserable
d often g!Ves us hope and peace
15 Smce cluldren are less converuent to
=pulate than gumea pigs.<CC'CCCCC
a educahonal research 1S often short of hard
ｾﾷ＠

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b doctors have to depend more on the latter
than the former
c ch!ld ｰｳｹ｣ｨｯｬｯｧｾｳｴｳ＠ are often compelled to
use more data obtamed from the latter
sources
d the research findmgs from the latter source
are generally conSidered to be more
rehable than that obtamed from the
former
Drrecl!ons Q 16 to 20 Select the lettered ｰ｡ｾｲｴｨ｡ｴ＠ best
expresses a relahonsh!p S!mlar to the one expressed ht
he ｯｮｧｾｮ｡ｬ＠ parr
MAXIM APHORISM
a max:tmum opllmum
b prophecy doom
c theorem proof
d precept ax:tom
EASE ALLEVIATE
a hlnt allocate
b revolt repud!ate
c collapse nse
d question interrogl.te
SECRET CLANDESTINE
a overt furtive
b covert stealthy
c open dosed
d news rumour
LIMPID MURKY
a dazed clouded
b obscure vague
c bnght gloomy
d nebulous d!m
DRAMA AUDIENCE
a brawl vagl.bonds
b game spectators
c art cnhcs
d mome actors
Directions Q. 21 to 25 Select the lettered pa1r that
best expresses a relahonsh!p that 1S least SJnular 10 the
one expressed m the ongmal pa1r
21 ABDICATE POWER
' remstate power
0 forgo pnmleges
c renounce world
" sacnfice nghts
n SAIL SHIP
' propeller aeroplane
0 radar "'telhte
c hydrogen balloon
" accelerator car
n CANINE DOG
' felme cat
b aqU1hne parrot
c Se!Jlenhne cobra
d vdlpme fox
COSMIC UNIVERSE
a terrestnal earth
b lunar moon
c connubial youth
d annular nng
GERNIANE PERTINENT
a apt appropnate
b qU1ck urgent
c dull ｳｬｵｧｧｾｳｨ＠
d exated serene
Directions: Arrange the sentences m a proper
sequence so as to make a coherent paragraph
26 Arrange the sentences m a proper sequence so
as to make a coherent paragraph
n
A Reahsts beheve that there 1S an obJective
reahty "out there"" mdependent of
ourselves
B Thts reahty extsts solely by vutue of how
the world 1S and 1S d!scoverable by
apphcahon ofthe methods of saence
C They believe m the posSJbihty of
detenrurung whether or not a theoty 1S
mdeed really true or false
D I th!nk it 1S fa!r to "'Y that thts 1S the
poS!hon to whtch most workmg saenhsts
subsenbe
a ACBD
b CDBA
c DCBA
d BCAD
Arrange the sentences m a proper sequence so
as to make a coherent paragraph
A There 1S a strong mumfactunng base for a
vanety ofproducts
B India ffis come a long way on the
technology front
C But the technology adopted ffis been
largely of foretgn ongm
D There are. however. areas such as atomc
energy. space. agnculture and defense
where SJgruficant stndes have been made
m evolmng relevant ｴ･｣ｨｮｯｬｯｧｾ･ｳ＠ Wltlun
the country
a ADCB
b DBAC
c BACD
d CBAD
28 Arrange the sentences m a proper sequence so
as to make a coherent paragraph
A In errusSJon trailing. the government fixes
the total amount of pollut!on that 1S

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acceptable to mamtam a deSired level of
arr quahty
B Economsts argue that th!s approach
makes arr polluhon control more cost-
effecl!ve than the current practice of fixmg
a1r-pollul1on standards and ezpectlng all
comparues to pollute below these
stamhrds
C The USA uses enusSJons tradmg to control
arrpolluhon
D It then d!stnbutes enusSJon pemuts to all
comparues m the regton, w!uch add up to
the overall acceptable level of enusS!on
a BADC
b ACDB
c CBAD
d DBAC
Arrange the sentences m a proper sequence so
as to make a coherent paraeraph
A The md!mdual comparues vaty m SIZe,
from the comer grocety to the mdustnal
ＬｾＬ＠
B Pohaes and rranagement methods Wlthm
firms range from fotmal, well-planned
orgaru,.hons and controls to shpshod day-
to-day operahons
C Vanous mdustnes offer a Wlde array of
products or se!VIces through mlhons of
finns largely mdependent of each other
D Vanety m the form of ownership
contnbutes to d!verSJty m cap1tal
mvestment, volume of buSiness, and
finanaal structure
a DBCA
b CADB
c BADC
d ADCB
Arrange the sentences m a proper sequence so
as to make a coherent paraeraph
A All levels of demand, whether mdtmdual,
aggregate, local, rahonal, or mternahonal
are subJ eel to cffinge
B At the =e hme, sc1ence and technology
add new d!menSJons to products, the1r
uses, and the methods used to market
ili=
C Aggregate demand fluctuates Wlth changes
m the level of buSiness acl!mty, GNP, and
nahonal mcome
D The demands of md!mduals tend to vaty
Wlth chang1ng needs and nSJng mcome
a CBDA
b DCAB
c BCAD
d ADCB
' "' ,'' "' "''
Directions fur Q. 31 In 40: Arrange sentences A B, C,
and D between sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a
logtcal sequence of S!X sentences
31 Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a logtcal
sequence of SIX sentences
1 Chlchen Itza, last outpost of the Mayan
amhzahon, was but!! m the heat of the
and Yucatan perunsula, unl1ke most ofthe
earher Mayan atles, w!uch were bU1lt m
ram forests
A If she SllfVIVed m the da!k water unhl tll!d-
day, pnests hauled her out to ask what the
godshadholdher
B In times of cnSJs, a ma1den was hurled at
dawn mto the 60-ft deep hole m the
hmestone rock
C The aty folks drank from one well and
used the other as a well of "'cnfice
D It got 1ts water from two wells known as
cenotes, fed by underwater streams
6 The Mayans also threw chenshed
possesSions mto the hole-carved Jade,
gold, nodules of reSin uses as mcense,
copper d!scs and human skeletons have all
been dredged out of1t
a DCBA
b BCAD
c CADB
d ABCD
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a logtcal
sequence of SIX sentences
1 All human be1ngs are aware of the
ex:tslence of a power greater than that of
the mortals - the name gtven to such a
power by md!mdrnls 1S an outcome of
b1rth, educahon and ch01ce
A This powerpromdes an anchor m Innes of
adverSity, d!fficulty and trouble
B Industnal orgaru,.hons also contnbute to
the venerahon of th!s power by
part1ap3.t1ng m acl!mhes such as rehgtous
ceremorues and fesl1ml1es orgaruzed by
the employees
C Therr other phtlanthrop1c contnbul!ons
mdude the construcl!on and tll31ntenance
of rehgtous places such as temples or
gurudwaras
D Logtcally, therefore, such a power should
be remembered m good hmes also
6 The top =gement/managers should
part1ap3.te mall such events, mespecl!ve
ofthe1rpersonal ch01ce
a ADBC
b BCAD

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c CADB
d DACB
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
Total ｦｯｲｧｾｶ･ｮ･ｳｳ＠ for a nustake conurutted
generates a sense of complacency towards
target acluevement among the employees
A In such a SJtuahon, the work ethos gets
distorted and mdiVIduals get a feelmg tJ-at
they can get away Wlth any lapse
B The feelmg tJ-at they develop 1S 'whether I
produce results or not, the management
Wlll not purush me or does not !Eve the
guts to purush me '
C Also, excess lax:tty damages rranagement
credlb1hty, because for a long hme, the
management has mamtamed that
dysfuncl!oral behaVIour Wlll result m
puruslunent, and when somellung goes
wrong, 1t falls to take speafic purut1ve
act1on
D The seventy of the purushment may be
reduced by modlfinng 1t, but some acl!on
must be taken agamst the gLl!lty so as to
seJVe as a remnder for all others m the
orgaru,.hon
6 Moreover, 1t helps estabhsh the
management's 1mage of bemg finned, fa!r
and yet human
a DCBA
b BADC
c DBCA
d CABD
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
1 Currency movements can !Eve a dramat1c
1mpact on eqU11y returns for fomgn
mvestors
A Tills 1S not surpnS!ng as ffi3llY developmg
econonues try to peg the1r exchange rates
to the US dollar or to a basket of
currenaes
B Many developmg economes rrarage to
keep exchange rate volahhty lower than
that m the mdustnal economcs
C India has also gone m for the full float on
the current account and abohshed the
managed exchange rate
D Dramahc excephons are Argenhna, Braz1l,
and N!gena
6 Another ･ｭ･ｲｧｾｮｧＭｭ｡ｬｫ･ｴＭｳｰ･｡ｦｩ｣＠ nsk 1S
hqU1dlty nsk
a ADBC
b CDAB
c BDAC
d CABD
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
Managers rrrust lead by example, they
should not be averse to giVIng a hand m
manual work, 1f reqU1red
A They should also update the1r competence
to gLl!de !herr subordmates, th!s would be
posSible only 1f they keep m regular touch
Wlth new processes, rrachmes,
mstruments, gl.uges, systems and gl.dgets
B Work must be allocated to different groups
and team members m dear, speafic tenns
C Too rrruch of wall-bU1ldmg 1S detnmental
to the exerase of the 'personal chansrra'
ofthe leader whose presence should not be
felt only through nohces, arculars or
memos, but by be1ng seen phySically
D S1mple, dean hmng among one's people
should be mSJsted upon
6 Tills would mean the mamtammg of an
updated orgaru,.hon chart, laJ!ng down
JOb descnphons, 1denl!fymg key result
areas, sett1ng personal targets, and above
all, morntonng of petformance, to meet
orgaru,.honal goals
a BDAC
b BCDA
c ADCB
d ACDB
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
1 The top tll3ffigement should perce1ve the
true worth of people and only then make
fnends
A Such 'true lhends' are very few and very
=
B Factors such as affluence, nches, outward
soph!sl!cahon and conceptual ab!hhes are
not prerequtS!tes for genutne fnendsh!p
C Such people must be respected and kept
dosetotheheart
D BuSiness reahhes call for developmg a
large arde ofacquamtances and contracts,
however, all of them Will be mot1vated by
the1r O'Ml self-mterest and 1t would be
wrong to treat them as genU1ne fnends
6 There 1S always a need for real fnends to
whom one can tum for balanced, unselfish
adVIce, more so when one 1S caught m a
"-a ABCD
b ADBC
c ABDC
d ACBD

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Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
1 Confhctmg deffi3llds for resources are
always vo1ced by d!fferent
funcl!ons/dep3.rtments m an orgarnsahon
A Every manager exanunes the task
entrusted to lum and evaluates the
resources requtred
B AV31lab!hly of resources m full measure
makes task ach!evement easy, because 11
reduces the effort needed to somehow
make-do
C A "'fety cusluon 1S bU1lt 1nto demand for
resources, to offset the adverse m1pact of
any cut1mposed by the seruors
D Tlus aspect needs to be understood as the
reahty
6 Dynanuc, energel!c, growth-onented and
W!se managements are always confronted
Wlth the madequacy of resources Wlth
respect to one of the four M's (men,
maclunes, money and matenals) and the
two T' s(11me and technology)
a DABC
b ACBD
c ABCD
d BCDA
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
The Etluop1ans, who bel1eve that they are
God's chosen people have a speaallegend
to JUSI1fy the1r confidence
A Accord!ng to the legend, God molded the
first man from clay
B He took the second burnt and black, so he
threwthem away to the South ofAfuca
C He took the second batch out too soon and
they were p3.sty and wlute, so he threw
them away to the North, where they
became Arabs and Europeans
D He put the first batch m the oven to bake
but left them too long
6 The tlurd batch came out JUs! nght and he
put them m Etluop1a
a ADBC
b DCBA
c BACD
d CBDA
Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
1 Accord!ng to Greek myth, Pandora was
the first woman A Only hope was left
B She was sent to the rebell1ous Zeus as a
puruslunent for rranhnd
- "' ,,"' "-'
C She was ｧｾｶ･ｮ｡＠ box to take Wlth her, Wlth
mstrucl!ons not to open 11
D Because she was cunous, she d!sobeyed,
opened the box and all the ev:1ls of the
world flew out
6 Pandora's box has SJnce become a symbol
for any act1on whose consequences are
dangerous!y unpredtctable
a DCBA
b ABCD
c BCDA
d CADB
40 Arrange sentences A B, C, and D between
sentences 1 and 6, so as to form a ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬ＠
sequence of SIX sentences
1 Desp1te the pas,.ge of t1me, a large
number of confhcts contmue to rerram
al1ve, because the wronged part!es, m
reahty or m ｵｮ｡ｧｾｮ｡ｨｯｮＬ＠ W!sh to take
revenge upon each other, tlms creat1ng a
V!C!OUS crrde
A At 11mes, managers are called upon to take
ruthless deaSJons m the long-term
mterests of the orgarnsat1on
B People hurt others, at 11mes knoWingly, to
teach them a lesson and, at other 11mes,
because they lack correct understand!ng of
the other person !Eve stand
C The delegl.t1on of any power, to any
person, 1S never absolute
D Evety ruthless deaSJon Wlll be eaSJer to
accept 1f the SJ!rnhon at the moment of
conuruthng the act 1S obJect1vely analyzed,
sffired openly and d!scussed rahorally
6 1f power 1S nusused, 1ts effects can last
only for a mule, smce employees are
bound to confront!! someday, more so, the
talented ones
a BCAD
b ADBC
c DABC
d BADC
Directions fur Q. 41 to 45: Each of the follomng
queshons conla!ns SIX statements followed by four sets
of comb1nal1ons of three You have to choose that set
m whtch the statements are ｬｯｧｾ｣｡ｬｬｹ＠ related
A Allmenaregood
B Some men are not good
C A fewmendonotbel1evemGod
D No good ffi3ll bel1eves m God
E No man who does not bel1eve m God 1S
good
F SomemendonotbehevemGod
a ABD

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b ACB
c ECB
" ew
A RaJ endens an mdustnaltst
B Ramkumans RaJ ender's brother
C Some men are cruel
D No mdustnaltst 1S honest
E RaJendens not honest
F RaJendens not cruel
a ACF
b ABE
c DCE
d ADE
A All dogs are honest
B Dogs are charact=ed by honesty
C Xerox!Sadog
D Arush'spet!Sadog
E All honest arumals are dogs
F Xerox 1S honest
a BDF
b ACF
c ADE
o CIT
A SomeAS!ans are Ind!ans
B Some AS!ans are hardwotkmg
C All Ind!ans are AS!ans
D Some Indtans are AS!ans
E Some Indtans are ffirdworktng
F No Ind!an!Shardworkmg
a BDE
e ern
c CDF
d BDF
A Somebooksarefunny
B Somebooksarenotfunny
C All funny books are best-sellers
D Somebestsellersarenotfunny
E Some books are not best-sellers
F Some books are best-sellers
a BDE
b CDF
c ACF
d BDF
Directions Q 46-50: The questions are based on a
short statement preced!ng them
But because the tdea of pnvate property has
been pemutted to ovemde Wlth tis selfishness
the conunon good of hU1ll3!l1ty, 11 does not
follow that there are no hmts Wlthm wluch
tJ-at tdea can funcl!on for the general
convernence and advantage
Wh!ch of the followmg 1S most hkely to
weaken the argument?
a All the people of the soaety should
progress at an eqU1table rate and there
should be no d!sp3.nl1es and pnvate
property does bnng about a tremendous
d!spanty
b One should not stnve for the conunon
good of humaruty at all, mstead one
should be concerned Wlth maxmuzmg
one's own wealth
c One should learn from the expenences of
former commurusts nahons and should not
repeat the1r nustakes at all
d Even prosperous capttahst countnes hke
the USA have the1r sffire of soaal
problems
The wnter can only be fert!le tf he renews
hunself and he can only renew lumself tf !us
soul 1S constanlly ennched by fresh
expenence
Wh!ch of the folloWing 1S most hkely to
support the above thought?
a Only out of fresh expenence can thewnter
get germs for new wnhng
b Thewntercanmeetnewpeople
c The wnter rrrust see newplaces
d None ofthese
Unless you devote your whole hfe to 1!, you
Will never learn to speak the language of
another country to perfecl!on, you Will never
know tis people and tis hterature Wlth
complete mhmacy
Wh!ch of the folloWing 1S hkely to undermne
the above argumen!l
a I can speak ten fomgn languages already
b I do not travel to fomgn countnes
c I am happy Wlth the languages I know and
do not need to learn any other language
d I should spend 11me to understand my own
people and hterature first, only then can I
appreaate other languages and cultures
have been studymg 11, consaously and
subconsaously, for forty years and I still find
men unaccountable, people I know mhrrately
can SU!Jlnse me by some act1on of wluch I
never thought them capable of, or by the
d!scoveJY of some Irati exlubtt a S!de of
themselves that I never even suspected
The tdea m tlus sentence can be best
=nzed as
a Men are mconS!stent and therefore one
should not be confident even about one's
doses! fnends

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b Men are unpred!ctable, one can never tell
what do next hence one should be very
carefulm one's dealmgs
c No rratter how closely you know
somebody there sWl ex:tsts an unknown
facet ofhts personahty
d None ofthese
Now the aud!ence 1S a very cunous aruma! It
1S shrewd rather than mtelhgent Its mental
capaaty 1S less than that of 1s most
mtellectual members If these were graded
from A to Z, decreasmg Wlth succeed!ng
letters to the zero of the hystencal shop grrl, I
should "'Y 1ts mental capac1ty would come
around about the letter 0
Accordmg to the above statements,
a Some members m the aud!ence are more
mtelhgent thm any of1ts other members
b The net mtell1gence of the aud!ence 1S a
httle less than average
c a only
d aandbboth
SECTION-II
A person who ffis a certam amount Wlth h!m
goes to the rrarket He can buy 50 oranges or
40 mangoes He retams 10% ofthe amount for
lax! fure and buys 20 mangoes, and of the
balance he purchases oranges The number of
oranges he can purchase 1S
' "0 "
c "
" "52 Two-fifths of the voters promse to vote for P
and the rest prOlll!se to vote for Q Ofthese, on
the last day, 15% of the voters went back on
!herr prom1se to vote for P and 25% of voters
went back ofthe1rproffi!seto vote for Q, and P
lost by 2 votes Then the total number of
voters 1S
a 100
b 11 0
c "
" "One hter of water 1S poured 1nto each of two
contamers of equal he1ght The first conla!ner
A has a arcular cross secl!on of rad!us 2 em
and the otherB has a square cross sect1on Wlth
S!de of4 em In wh!ch contamerW!ll the water
nse to a greater he1ght?
a Conla!ner A
b Conla!ner B
c Equalm both
d Depends on the rate at wh!ch Wlter 1S
poured
ABCD 1S a sqrnre of area 4, whtch 1S d!mded
1nto four non-overlapping tnang)es as shown
m the figure The sum ofthe penmeters ofthe
tnangles 1S
a 8(1+._12)
b 8(2+._12)
c 4(2+._12)
d 4(1+._12)
•
What 1S the value of m whtch f211sfies 3m2 -
2lm+30<0?
a m<2,orm>5
b m> 2
c 2<m<5
d m< 5
ＧｾＧＧ［Ｇ［ＧＧＧＧＧＧＧＧＧｾＢ＠The value of 1S
55' 55x45+45'
a 100
b 105
c 125
" "PQRS 1S a square SR 1S a tangent (at pomt S)
to the arde Wlth centre 0 and TR ｾ＠ OS The
raho of the area of the arde to the area of the
square 1S
ｊＺＭｾ＠
::T';
'
' •
' '"0 nn
c
"'" 7/11
,, l!Sd!V!S!bleby
' n
0
"c
'd none ofthese
The Sides of a tnang)e are 5, 12 and 13 uruts
respecl!vely A rectangle 1S constructed wh!ch
1S equalm area to the tnangle and has a Wldth
of 10 uruts Then the peruneter ofthe rectangle
n
' "0 ", n

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d None ofthese
Wh!ch one ofthe followmg cannot be the raho
ofangles m a nght-angled tnangle?
a 1 2 3
b 1 1 2
c 1 36
d None ofthese
Three bells ch!me at an mterval of 18, 24 and
32 mnutes respecl!vely At a certamhme they
begm to chune together What length of hme
Wlll elapse before they chune together agl.m?
a 2 hours 24 nu!llites
b 4 hours 48 nu!llites
c 1 hour 36 mnutes
d 5 hours
A, B, C and Dare four towns, any three of
w!uch are non-collmear The !lliffiber of ways
to construct three roads each Jol!Ung a p3.1r of
to'Mls so that the roads do not form a tnangle
"
' '0 c
c c
d more than 9
Fortheproductn(n+ 1)(2n+ l),n iN, w!uch
one ofthe folloW!llg " neces=ly false?
a lt!Salwayseven
b DnnSJbleby3
c Always d!mS!ble by the sum of the square
of first n natural numbers
d Never d!mSJble by 237
Directions Q. 64 to 67. refer to the folloWing data
le(x, y) ｾｉ＠ least ofx, y)
mo(x) ｾ＠ lxl
me(x) (x, ｹＩｾ＠ rraxtmum ofx, y)
Fmd the value ofme(a + mc(le(a, b)), me(a+
me(mo(a), mo(b)), at ｡ｾ＠ -2 and b ｾＭ 3
' '0 c
c 0
" 'Wh!ch ofthe followmg rrrust be correct?
a mo(le(a, b)' (me(mo(a), mo(b))
b mo(le(a,b))>(me(mo(a),mc(b))
c mo(le(a, b))< (le(mo(a), mo(b))
d mo(le(a, b)) le(mo(a), mo(b))
For what values ofa 1S me(a'- 3a, a- 3) < 0?
a a<3anda< 1
b l<a<3
c a<3ora<l
d a<3ora<O
For what values ofa" le(a'- 3a, a- 3) < 0?
a l<a<3
b a<Oanda<3
c a<Oanda<3
d a<Oora<3
Ram purchased a flat at Rs 1 lakh and Prem
purchased a plot of land worth Rs 1 1 lakh
The respecl!ve annual rates at w!uch the pnces
ofthe flat and the plot mcreasedwere 10% and
5% Afler two years they excffinged thetr
belongmgs and one pa1d the other the
d!fference Then
a ｒ｡ｭｰ｡ｾ､ｒｳ＠ 275 to Prem
b ｒ｡ｭｰ｡ｾ､ｒｳ＠ 475 to Prem
c ｒ｡ｭｰ｡ｾ､ｒｳＲＷＵＰｴｯｐｲ･ｭ＠
d ｐｲ･ｭｰ｡ｾ､ｒｳ＠ 475toRam
Directions Q. 69to 72: Four Sisters Suvama, Tara,
Urra, and V1bha are playmg a Ef!me such that the loser
doubles the money of each of the other players They
played four games and each S!sterlost one game m the
alphabel!cal order At the end of fourth game each
SJsterhadRs 32
n
n
Who started Wlth the lowest amount?
a Suvama
0 '=c V=
d V1dha
Who started Wlth the highest amount?
a Suvama
0 '=c V=
d V1bha
What was the amount Wlth Urra at the end of
the second round?
' "o n
c "
d None ofthese
How many rupees d!d Suvama start Wlth?
' w
0 "
c M
" n
Directions Q. 73 to 78: Choose the correct ophon
73 The remamder obtamed when a pnme number
greater than 6 1S d!mded by 6 1S
a lor3
b lor5
c 3 or 5
d 4 or 5
In a race of 200 meters, A beats S by 20
metres and N by 40 metres If S and N are
ruruung a race of 100 metres Wlth exactly the

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"
n
=e speed as before, then by how rrany
metres Wlll S beat Nl
a llllmetres
b 10 metres
c 12 metres
d 25 metres
In theadJommg figure, AC + AR ｾ＠ 25 AD and
AC- ａｄｾ＠ 8 The area ofthe rectangleABCD
"
' "0
"c w
" Cannot be answered
The rate ofmflatlon was 1000% What Wlll be
the cost of an art!de, which costs 6 uruts of
currency now, two years from noW?
a 666
b 660
c 720
d 726
72 hens cost Rs 96 7 What does each hen
cost, where numbers at"_" are not VIS!ble or
are wntten ｭＱｬｬ･ｧｾ｢ｬ･＠ hand?
a Rs323
b Rs511
c Rs 5 51
d Rs7 22
78 Boxes numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are kept m a
row, and they are to be filled Wlth e1ther a red
ora blue ball, such that no two adJacent boxes
can be filled Wlth blue balls How ffi3llY
d!fferent arrangements are posSible, ｧｾｶ･ｮ＠ that
all balls of a ｧｾｶ･ｮ＠ colour are exactly 1dent1cal
mall respects?
' c
0 w
c "
" n
Directions Q. 79 to 80 are based on the folloWing
mfotmahon
There are three different cable channels namely Ahead,
Luck and Bang In a SU!Vey 11 was found that 85% of
mewers respond to Bang, 20% to Luck, and 30% to
Ahead 20% of mewers respond to emctly two
channels and 5% to none
What percentage of the mewers responded to
all three?
' w0 u
c "
d None ofthese
Assunung 20% respond to Ahead and Bang,
and 16% respond to Bang and Luck, w!Et 1S
the percentage of mewers who watch only
'"""' "0 w
c "
d None ofthese
Directions Q. 81 to 87, choose the correct option
81 AB 1S pe!Jlend!cular to BC and BD 1S
pe!Jlend!cular to AC CE biSects the angle C,
LA- 30° Then, what" LCED?
'
ｯｾ｣＠a 30°
b 60°
c 45°
d 65°
One root of x' + kx- 8 ｾ＠ 0 1S sqrnre of the
other Then, the value ofk!S
' '0 c
c c
" 'AB 1S d!ameter of the arcle and the pomts C
and D are on the arcumference such that
LCAD ｾ＠ 300 What!S the measure of LACD?
The length of a ladder 1S exactly eqrnl to the
he!gill of the wall1t 1S resting agamst If lower
end ofthe ladder 1S kept on a stool ofhe!@ll 3
m and the stool 1S kept 9 m away from the
wall, the upper end of the ladder comades
Wlth the top of the wall Then, the he1g)lt of
the walliS
a 12m
b 15m
c 18m
d 11m
The largest value of mm (2 + x', 6 - 3x) when
x>O!S
' '0 '
c '
" '

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A ffi3ll mvests Rs 3000 at a rate of 5% per
annum How much more should he mvest at a
rate of 8%, so tJ-at he can earn a total of 6%
per annum?
a Rs 1200
b Rs 1300
c Rs 1500
d Rs 2000
Three consecuhve poS!hve even numbers are
such that tlmce the first number exceeds
double the tlurd by 2, then the tlurdnumber!S
' w
0 "
c "
" u
Directions Q. 88 to 91, use the followmg data
A and B are tutUUng along a arcular course ofradms 7
km m oppoSite d!recl!ons such that ,.;,en they meet
they reverse thetr d!recl!ons and when they meet, A
Will run at the speed ofB and mce-ver,., Imhally, the
speed of A 1S llmce the speed of B Assume that they
start from M0 and they first meet at M1. then at M2,
next at M3, and firally atM.,
What 1S the shortest d!stance between M1 and
MP
a 11 km
b 7..f2km
c nm
d 14 km
89 What 1S the shortest d!stance between M1 and
M3 along the course?
a 22 km
b 14..f2km
c 22..f2 km
d 14 km
90 Wh!ch 1S the ponll tJ-at comades mth MO?
' Me
o Me
c Me
o M,
91 What 1S the d!stance travelled by A ,.;,en they
meetatM3?
a 77km
b 66km
c 99km
d 88km
Directions Q. 92 to 100: Each of these 1tems has
question followed by two statements As the answer,
=>
a 1fthe queshons can be answered Wlth the help
ofboth the statements but not Wlth the help of
etther statement 1tself
"
'ld::."
1fthe question can not be answered even Wlth
the help ofboth the statements
1fthe question can be answered Wlth the help 0
statement II alone
1fthe question can be answered Wlth the help
of statement I alone
What!S the number x1f
I TheLCMofxandl81S36
II TheHCFofxandl81S2
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of etther statement 1tself
b 1f the quest1on can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
If x, y and z are real numbers, 1S z - x even or
cMc
I xyz 1S odd
II xy + yz+ ZX!S even
'What 1S value ofx, 1fx andy are consecutive
poS!hve even mtegers?
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of etther statement 1tself
b 1f the quest1on can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
ＨｸＭｹＩ Ｒ
ｾＴ＠
II (x+y)2
<100
What 1S the profit percent?
I The cost pnce 1S 80% ofthe sellmg pnce
II Theprofil!sRs 50
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of etther statement 1tself
b 1f the quest1on can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
What 1S the length ofthe rectangle AB CD?
I Area of the rectangle 1S 48 squareU!Uts
II Length ofthe d!agonal!S 10 U!Uis
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of etther statement 1tself
b 1f the quest1on can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements

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c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
What 1S the pnce ofbananas?
I W1th Rs 84, I can buy 14 tararas and 35
oranges
II Ifpnce ofbananas 1freduced by 50% then
we can buy 48 bananas mRs 12
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of either statement 1tself
b 1f the queshon can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
What 1S the first term of an antlunet1c
progress10n of poS1t1ve 1ntegers?
I Sum of the squares of the first and second
term!S 116
II Thefifthterm1Sd!mS1bleby7
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of either statement 1tself
b 1f the queshon can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
Isx+y-z+teven?
I x+y+l!seven
II tz 1S odd
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of either statement 1tself
b 1f the queshon can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
What 1S the area ofthe tnangle?
I TwoS1desare41 em each
II Theall1tudetothetlurdS1de1S9 em long
a 1f the queshons can be answered Wlth the
help of both the statements but not Wlth
the help of either statement 1tself
b 1f the queshon can not be answered even
Wlth the help ofboth the statements
c 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help 0 statement II alone
d 1f the question can be answered Wlth the
help of statement I alone
SECTION-III
Directions fur Q. 101 In 150: Read the pas,.ges and
answer the quest1ons that follow
PASSAGE I
Darwuuan enthus1asts are too qU1ck to read lustoncal
purposes 1nto every b10logical Ira!! In Stephen Jay
Gould's telhng phrase, they are overly fond of 'Just-so
stones", wluch d!ffer from K1phng's fables only m
their lack of goodJokes Mr Gould's 1mmed!ate target
here 1S "selfish-gene" theonsts hke fuchard Dawk:ms,
and 11 1S a moot pomt whether he actually luts that
rrark But, w!Etever you thtnk of Mr Dawktns,
evoluhonaJY psychology 1S mdeed open to the JUst-so
charge In pnnaple 11 may seem a good 1dea for
psychology and evolut1onary theoty to pool their
mtellectual resources But giVen the pauaty of hard
ev:tdence on each S!de, the merger often seems to
aclueve httle more thm an matement to fabulahon
The trouble 1S not JUs! that humm brams leave
no fosSils, though tlus 1S certamly one problem Just as
1-.azardous 1S the lack of defirute knowledge about
current mental mecharusms Thts makes 11 all too
temphng to put evoluhonaJY speculahon m the place
of hard psychological ev:tdence, and so conJure mental
modules out of lustoncal myth Take Ms CoSlll!des's
theoty about the evoluhon of a cheater-detecl!on
module Tlus 1S now Wldely accepted But thereis no
mdependent ev:tdence, apart from Ms CoSlll!des's
psychological expenments, for tlus lustoncal slaty
Moreover, other psychologists now da1m to have
petformed new expenments wluch show that a
cheal!ng factor 1S not the cruaal vanable m the Wason
selecl!on task after all Less mdulgent cnhcs Wlll "'Y
that the fhrtal1on Wlth evolu11on has Simply led Ms
CoSlll!des up a theorel!cal bhnd alley
A S!mlar charge can be leveled at other pnze
exhtb1ts m the gallery of evoluhonaJY psychology The
theones of human allru!sm desenbed m Mr R1dley's
"The Ongins of V1rtue" mvolve any number of
plauSible 1deas about the soaal pracl!ces of our
hom1rud forefathers But there 1S no real lustoncal
l:aS!s for these parables, and preaous httle d!rect
ev:tdence that toclay' s humans d!splay any
correspond!ng dtspoS1t1ons The 1deas m Mr fudley's
book exhtb1t game-theorel!cal soplusticahon and rrruch
mgenU1ty, and are worth read!ng for that reason alone,
but they scarcely qrnhfy as rel1able saence
Then there 1S sex Reproducl!on 1S central to
evoluhon, but there 1S room to wonder whether that
explains the attenhon 11 gets from the more pop-
onented evolut!onaJY psychologists The lead!ng hght
m tlus area 1S Damd Buss, or "The Doctor ofLove", as
he 1S fondly tenned on "The Evolut1orust" web page
H!S book, "The Evolu11on ofDeS!re" reports the results
of a quesl1o!lllil1re giVen to 10,000 people m 37
countnes In every country, women hke nch men, and

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men hke young attracl!ve women Mr Buss also
explams that potenllal p1ck-ups start lookmg better as
dosmg-11me nears and worse agam after sex Well,
rraybe that 1S all so, and perffips 11 has sometlung to do
Wlth the evoluhonaJY roles of the sexes But Mr Buss
tells you httle about the preciSe mecharusm belund the
behamour Defenders of evoluhonaJY psychology rray
reasonably reply that there are better pracl!honers than
Mr Buss and more 1mpresS1ve examples ofDarwuuan
accounts ofhuman mental phenomena than Singles-bar
behamour Yet even the best "'mples of the
evoluhonaJY approach ra1se the quest1on of 1ts
explaratory goal Do the d!fferent examples, plucked
here and there from the vast field ofhuman mental hfe
and behamour, show pronuse of ever addmg up to a
coherent theory ofthe mnd?
That quest!on bnngs m the second mam wony
about evoluhonaJY psychology by emphaS!zmg the
modules 11 leaves out the 1mportant part of the mnd
Evolut1onaJY psychologists often hken the mnd to a
Sw!ss Army krufe It contams a large number of
purpose-bUll! tools, each deSigned for a qU!te speafic
purpose But th!s p1cture prompts an obmous quest!on
Who, or what, 1S dead!ng when to open w!uch blades?
Don't you need some central mtelhgence to orchesllate
the overall operahon? Some evoluhonaJY
psychologists say no But, w!ule that rray be true of
other anunals, 11 tmkes httle sense for hurrans For one
th!ng, you seem to need a central mtelhgence to
understand 1ruman moral reasorung Even 1f your
modules mdme you towards sexual and rac!al
dtscnffi1nal1on, for example, 11 does not follow that
such d!scnmnahon 1S e1ther memtable or JUsl!fied If
!mffi3lls are JUS! a col!eel!on of modular reflexes, how
1S 11 that they can correct the1r md1nal1ons? Humans
seem to need some mental faculty that can stand back
from modular prompt1ngs and tell them how to do
better
There are less elevated examples of people
morutonng the outputs ofthe1r pU!Jlose-speafic mental
modules You are often qU!te aware that your msual
system 1S foohng you for example, when you look at
tnck draWings, or mdeed when you watch telemswn If
11 1S posSible to quesl!on modular md1rat1ons m th!s
way, there must be some place m the m1nd w!uch
transcends the modules
To 1ns1st that there 1S more to the mnd than
modules 1S not to deny lrumans' aruma! hentage no
doubt a person's cenllal mtelhgence 1S 1tself an
evolu11onary product ofthe past But 11 does mean that
evoluhonaJY psychology, hke 1s predecessors, 1S m
ctmger of 1gnonng the very th!ng that makes humans
different from other arumals Perffips evoluhonary
psychologists mll soon shift the1r focus away from
penpheral modules, and start contnlm11ng to an
understand!ng of the really hard bwlog1cal problem of
the structure and funct1on of the central mtellectual
ab!l1l1es Un111 then, they are unhkely to shed more
, A ' A ,
-AH- A--
than a S1del1ght on the human m1nd or to show people
rrruch about why they hve the way they do
10 1 What 1S Stephen Jay Gould's nrun obJ eel!on to
Darw1ruan theonsts?
a thattheylackgoodJokes
b that they are full of"Just-so" stones
c that they read meanmg mto every
b10l0g!C3llra!t
d that they do not see the pracl!cal aspects
102 It can be mferred from the first paragraph that
the author ofthe passage
a agreesW!thMr Gould
b d!"'greesW!thMr Gould
c 1S neutral about Mr Gould's argument
d conSiders the obJ ecl!ons obJ ecl!vely
103 What 1S the author lry!ng to convey through
the phrase, "matement to fabulahon"?
a mahng theonsts to make fabulous clamJS
b resulhng m stones and fables
c resulhng m wrong claims
d none ofthese
104 Mr CoSlll!des' theory about evolul!on
a 1S nowW!dely accepte
b !SJUstah!stoncalmyth
c lacks psychological emdence
d 1S a theorel!cal bhndalley
105 Damd Buss' contnbuhon to the evolu11orary
approach
a 1S an 1mportant contnbuhon to understand
evolu11on
b does not explain much about evolu11on
c 1S an emmple ofpop-onented evoluhonaJY
psychology
d has added 1mportant stal1sl1cal research
conS1st1ng of 10,000 people m 37
countnes
106 The problem Wlth treat1ng the m1nd as a
module!Sthat
a 11 1gnores how the m1nd actually funct!ons
b 11 1gnores the fact that a mental faculty
controls modular prompt1ng
c 11 treats everythmg m compartments
d 11 does not explain msual tncks such as
lelev:!S!On
107 The concluSion ofthe art!cle 1S that
a EvoluhonaJY psychology 1gnores the very
th!ng that makes humans d!fferent from
=""''b EvoluhonaJY psychology 1S unlikely to
shed more than a S1del1ght on the human
MOO
c EvoluhonaJY psychology can explain an
1mportant aspect 1f11 ezplains the structure
and funct1on of the central mtellectual
ab1hl1es

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d Evolu11o!l3!Y psychology has a !muted
future, as of date
108 The art!de" an attempt to
a explam evolul1o!l3!Y psychology
b discuss the contnbuhon of evolul1o!l3!Y
ｰｳｹ｣ｨｯｬｯｧｾｳｴｳ＠
c downgrade the contnbutlon of
ｰｳｹ｣ｨｯｬｯｧｾｳｴｳ＠
d none ofthese
PASSAGE 2
It sounds pretty obmous hfe 1S all a Ef!me Charles
Lamb (1775-1834) put 11 rather elegantly "Man 1S a
gl.mng arurral He rrrust always be hymg to get the
better m sometlung or other" What Jolm HarsanJ! and
other econonusts did was to apply rratherrahcal ｌｯｧｾ｣＠
to tlus 1ruman urge and make game theory, as 11 1S
called, part of the 1r tool kit At 1s humblest level,
game theory 1S usefulm samng the players from gomg
rrad In dev:1smg a strategy you know that your nval
rray know what you are pl=ng, and he knows tJ-at
you know he knows, and soon even sk!lled chess-
players can feel mentally wounded
In chess and comparable real-hfe Ef!mes, each
S!de has baS!c mfonmt1on about the other The
problem of Clmles Lamb's gamng arumals 1S that
they usually have 1mperfect knowledge about the1r
opponents They guessa!, orrel!erl on"ulluth ori' or, as
Napoleon S31d of !us favonte generals, they were
lucky Unhl qU1te recent 1tems, tlus was the way
countnes and great comparues dealt Wlth the1r nvals
Mr HarsanYl's contnbut1on to game theory
was to show that such games need not be played m a
fog, or at least not rrruch It was posSible to analyze
such games and promde gudance about the protable
moves and the1r outcomes Tlus advanced game theory
was employed, at least by the Amencans, m the1r
negol!ahons Wlth the Some! Uruon on anns control
K=edy and Khrushchev used game theory m the1r
tussle over CutannusS!les m !962
Game theory 1S Wldely used m commerce, as
tappened tlus year when, Wlth great success, the
Bnhsh govenunent sold hcenses for mob1le phone
serv:1ces m an aucl!on deS!gnerl by an Oxford
economst Paul Kemmerer Some economsts are
watclung Wlth fascmahon the contest between the
European Central Bank and the currency rrarket over
the future of the Europe, wluch has at least the look of
an exemse m game theory A Dutch team of
economsts apphed the theory to mtemat1onal football
and concluded that a bad team plaJ!ng at home 1S more
hkely to score than a good one plaJ!ng away One
effect of game theory 1S to rrake economsts seem
qutte human
As often happens when an 1dea becomes
fasluonable, there has been some argument about who
first thought to Ef!me theory Mr HarS31lJ!, who shared
a Nobel Pnze m 1994 Wlth two other economsts m the
ｕ､ｾＭＢ＠
=e field, Jolm Nash and Re1nhardt Sellen, was
tappy to acknowledge that game theory had been
around m some form for a longtime Players of poker,
and of course chess, had been US!ng game theory
Wlthout calhng 11 that Philosophy has a cla!ffi 11 seeks
to rat1onal1ze the behamour of people Wlth confhctmg
mterests As a young man m Budapest, Mr Har"'tlJ'1
tad studied plulosophy and rratherrahcs and, to please
h!s parents who ran a phamacy, he added chemstry
What tnggered !us mterest m game theory appears to
tave been the wotk of Jolm von Neumann and Oskar
Morgenstern, who m 1944 pubhshed a book enhtled
"The Theory of Games and Econonuc Behamour"
Von NeU1ll3!Ul was an Amencan rrathemahaan who,
by comadence, had also been born m Hungary and
tad attended the same school as Mr HarsanJ! He and
Morgenstern rray have been the first to show how the
plulosoplucal 1dea of rahonal behamour could be
appl1ed to econonucs They dtd not develop the 1dea
In !us short hfe, von NeU1ll3!Ul espeaally tad rrruch
other mterest, mdudmg work on qrnntum theoty and
the deSign of the first electroruc computers In paper
after paper, Mr Har"'tlJ'1 and !us colleagues took the
theory further It 1S sl!ll be1ng pohshed
The plulosopher m Jolm Hanany1 "'w m game
theory means of !mproV!llg the hU1ll3ll condlt1on He
promoted the 1dea tJ-at the nghtness or wrongness of
an acl!on depended on 1ts consequences An etlucal
theory known as uhhtanarusm The connecl!on
between Ef!me theory and etlucs 1S a complex one H!S
book on tlus theme, Essays on Etlucs Soaal
Behamour and Saenhfic Explanahon", 1S a hard read,
JUSt as game theoty 11 self derrands lots of tncky
rrathemahcs No one would blame you for shckmg to
Charles Lamb
109 What 1S the author mearung to convey when he
"'YS, "even skilled chess-players can feel
mentally wounded"?
a 11 saves the players from gomg rrad
b the ｭ｡ｴｨ･ｭ｡ｨ｣｡ｬｬｯｧｾ｣＠ of the game theoty
leaves even skilled players wounded
c that the theory 1S very comphcated
d chess players find the theoty hard to
comprehend
110 The author feels that pnor to game theory,
comparues and countnes
a rel1ed on guess work when dealmg Wlth
each other
b rel1ed on luck rather than saenhfic
analySiS
c made 11llperfect deaS!ons
d had no 1deahowto deal Wlth each other
111 The rram contnbuhon of Mr HarS31lJ! to
game theoty 1S
a 11 rrade economsts seem qU1tehuman
b games need not be played m fog now

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c 11 promded gtlldance about the probable
moves of opponents
" 11 was employed by Amencans m dealmg
Wlth the Some! Uruon
m Why does the author "'Y that one effect ofthe
game theory 1S to rrake economsts seem qU1te
,_,
' because comphcated theoty could now be
apphed to real hfe SJ!uahons
0 because game theory was used m dtverse
fields hke football and pohhcs
c because 11 brought economcs closer to the
masses
" because 11 was a way of addmg humm
element to comphcated theones
m How d!d game theory ongmate?
' from the wotks ofHarS3llYJ
0 from John Nash and Rem hard Sellen
c from John Von Neumann and
''"'Morgemoten
" from Ef!mes hke chess and poter
'"
The pas,.ge 1S alan
' rev:tew ofa book wntten by Mr HarsanYJ
0 assessment ofthe work ofMr HarS3llYJ
c summahon ofthe game theory
" explanahon ofthe game theory
PASSAGE 3
Even as 1ts nvals have been battered by the cychcal
downturn m petrochemcals and by Asia's firanc1al
troubles, Rehance has gone from strength to strength
Its latest results show a robust 18% nse m net profits
and a 37% nse m S3les over the =e penod a year
･｡ｾｨ･ｲ＠ Average annual growth m the firm's S3les smce
11 went pubhc has been over 25%
The way m w!uch Rehance has aclueved such
results !S, however, rather less 1mpresS1ve Its success
ffis ansen largely from 1ts 1ron gnp on 1ts home
rrarket, source of 05% of 1s revenues----B gnp tJ-at 11
retams m part throug)l dose hnks Wlth Imhan
pohl!aans
From 1s very beguuung, Dlurubha1 Ambaru
the firm's founder, wooed pohl!aans to secure the
hcences he needed to expand !us buSiness from a small
texl!le concern 1nto a b1g petrochenucal one Many
analysts suggest that the Ambarn fanuly (Dlurubha!'s
Sons Mukesh and Arul, who attended Amencan
busmess schools, run most !lungs today) has advanced
largely thanks to such contacts "The first call the
ffi3lldanns m Dellu make after every cabmet meetmg
1S to Reliance" da1ms one
The firm has benefited from a cunously
favorable regulatoty regime For emmple, 11 pays very
httle mcome tax (1997 was the first year m much 11
P'"d any) The firm has also long benefited from the
Ind!an structure of1mport dul!es
ｈ､ｾＬＬ＠
If Rel1ance owed 1ts success only to such factors, 11
would be JUs! another ohgopohst uS!ng mfluence to
compensate for meffiaency These are, sadly, all too
common m lnd!a ShumeetBam•J' ofB ooz, Allen and
Hamlton, aconsultancy, calls Ind!a 'the GalaJEgos of
cap1tahsrri', populated by strangely mutated firms tJ-at
!Eve adapted to the w!ums of the "L1cense Ra" and
could never SUIV!ve man open economy But Rel;ance
1S more than tJ-at The Ambarus have m fact bu!lt a
thoroughly modem, effiaent buSiness
A V!S! to Haz1ra, a parched comer of north-
western Ind!a, tells the tale more eloquently than any
eanungs report The first thmg you nol!ce walking
round the Rel1ance S!le there" how spmtless 11" no
rubb1sh or legions of people hanging about You nught
be m SW!tzerland or Delaware, not pethaps SU!JlnS!ng,
Since the eqU1pment" all the latest stuff
In another part of the complex you see fine
polyester yam for weavmg mto fabncs hke sarees But
do not touch the yam" so dehcate that 11" packaged
by robots that w!ustle "Z1p-Dee-Dah" as they zoom
around domgthe wotk of700 men Even more stnkmg
are the atl!tudes at Hazua Rel1ance dared to bU1ld m
tlus dusty town <hat was at 1ts mcepl!on the world's
largest ethylene "crackei' Desp1te Widespread
scepl!asm, boasts the S!le rranger, 11 d!d so m record
t1me Every other employee seems to speak earnestly
about how !usJob " "benclunarked to the wrld's besf'
It 1S tlus purSU!t of world stanchrds, not merely those
good enoug)l for the cosy local matket, that sets
Rel1ance apart from the flacad famly emprres that
still donunate Ind!an buSiness A recent study of
compel!l!veness by Arthur D Little, a consultancy,
ranks Rel1ance as the most compel!l!ve firm m Ind!a
and among the top ten m Asia Paul Bermrd of
Goldman Sachs, an mvestment bank, tlunks that 11"
the most compel!t1ve petrochenucals firm m AS!a
Mr Ambaru had the mS!ght to real1zethat a firm w!uch
helped to foster India's then puny petrochenucals
rrarket could come to donunate 11 In the 1980s for
example, he bU1lt a polyester plant Wlth an ｾｵ｡Ｑ＠
capaaty of 40,000 tons at a !!me when tJ-at was
equtvalent to Imha's enl!re annual consumpt1on He
mtegrated backwards from texWes to synthel!c fibers
to petrochenucals themselves Now Rel1ance ffis gone
further upstream 11" bU1ldmg a rrasS!ve new refinery
m Ind!a and1l!s explonng for 011
Another conS!deral!on" the skill mth w!uch
the company rrarages 1ts finances Mr Ambaru, often
spumed by ffinks when young, was one of the first
Ind!an mdustnal1sts to tum to srrall mve=s for funds
The 1rul!al fiotal!on of Reliance and 1ts nse to
cap1tahzal!on of over $ 3 b!lhon today, have made lum
the hero ofnulhons of srrall shareholders
It 1S cunous tJ-at Rehance should be so well
run, giVen that 11 need not be Part of the explanat1on
hes m the fuct that the Ambarus are not hke other
estabhshed dyrast!es Dh!rublru Ambaru started out as
a lowly yam l!ader, and through decades of hard wotk

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forged ills emprre H!S sons still work 12-14 hours a
day, mcludmg weekends Unhke many fumly finns,
they have an expenenced and long-sermng team of
professiOnal mangers over lOOID have worked
overseas, and half have worked outSide the firm
Rehance pays well and, umsually for Jnd!a, poaches
fromnval finns
In other words, Rehance has what 11 taken to
be a world- class player Yet ask the Ambarus about
the!r amb!t10ns and they do not once stray from the1r
home turf, Mukesh Amtarn talks grandly of ills
"endgame" of tunung Rehance mto an "Indian energy
rraJor'' He has new ventures m teleconunurscahons
and power generahon, and hopes to expand mto roads,
ports and other mfrastructure, The only conunon
thread, argues ManOJ Badale ofMorutor, an Amercan
consultant who knows the firm well, 1S a focus on
cap!tal-mtenS!ve mdustnes m w!uch success turns on
the ab1hty to get round regulators----Blld that, 11 seems,
1S what the Ambarus reckon 1S Rel1ance's core
competence
That 1S a p1ty, and 11 may tum out to be tad
news for Rel1ance As Ind!a's petrochemcals sector
hberahzes---hlgh tanffs and other trade tamers have
been fulhng slowly, prodded by cotlllll1tments to the
WTO-the day Wlll come when Rel1ance must face
fomgn nvals on somellung resembhng a level
playmg- field Reffi31rung ensconced m Jnd!a rray
promde' a few more years of fat profits such as those
atu1ounced recenlly But 11 rray not help to prep3.re
Rel1ance for a more senous endgame unfettered
global compel!hon
m
Why does the author say that Rel1ance's
acluevement 1S less 1mpresS1ve?
a 11 has an 1ron gnp on 1ts home rratket and
has operated m monopoly cond!hons
b 11 tas 95% of 1ts reve!llie from the home
ｾＧＢ＠c the firm has benefited from the Imhan
structure of1mport dulles
d 11 has used poht1cal mfluence for 1ts
success
Wluch ofthe folloWing statements are d!reclly
rrade by the author?
a the Ambaru fanuly has advanced largely
due to pohl1cal contacts
b bureaucrats m Deihl call Rel1ance after
every meel!ng
c Rehance has benefited from a regulatoty
regime
" all of the above
The latest results ofRel1ance showthat
' 11 performed better than most years
0 11 performed worse than most years
c 1ts perfoffil3llce has been more or less
average
" cannot "'Y
m
1:' d ｾＭＢ＠
What does the author mean by "cunously
fuvourabl eregulatory regime"?
a the system of controlm Ind!a
b the regulatoty regime 1S strange
c the control favours some and not others
d none ofthe above
By gomg further upstream, Rel1ance
a went agamst the general tlunkmg
b set up uruts w!uch promded rawmatenals
c bU1lt plants m nver towns hke Hazua
d none ofthe above
Why does the author say that Rel1ance need
not be well-run?
a 11 1S not hke other estabhshed dynasties
b 11 could SU1V1Ve Wlthout be1ng effic1ent
c 11 1S m the core sector and would make
profits anyway
d 11 could tave followed trad!honal methods
The long-term future prospects of Reliance,
accordmg to the author, are
a reasonably bnght
b 11 can make fat profits for a few more
,=,
c 11 faces great challenges ahead
d 1tmay not do so well after a few years
The d!fference between Reliance and other
fanuly buSiness 1S that
1 they tave a team ofprofesswnal ffi3llgers
2 they still wotk 12-14 hours a day
3 1thas created world class operahons
a land2
b land3
c 2and3
d 1,2and3
Wluch of the folloWing statements are true
about Rel1ance?
a !I1S20yearsold
b !I1Sworth$3btlhontoday
c 11 1S the hero ofnulhons of shareholders
d none ofthe above
What does the author feel about Ind!an
bureaucrats?
a they are sold out
b they are d!shonest people
c they use the regulatory regime to help
certampeople
d none ofthe above
On the V!S!I to Hazua, the author was most
1mpressed Wlth
a the cleanlmess at the plant
b the latest teclmology
c the yam 1S packaged by robots
d the highly mohvated wotk-force
PASSAGE-4

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Whatever phllosophy rray be, 11 1S m the world and
rrrust relate to 11 It breaks through the shell of the
world m order to move 1nto the mfuute But 11 turns
tack m order to find m the firute 1ts always uruque
h!stoncal foundahon It pushes mto the furthest
honzons beyond bemg-m-the-world m order to
expenence the present m the eterml But even the
profoundest med!tahon acqU1res 1ts mearung by
relahng back to man's ex:1stence here and now
Plulosophy g)1mpses the h!ghest cntena, the stany
heaven of the posSible, and seeks m the hght of the
seenung)y 1mposS1ble the way oman's d!gruty m the
phenomenon of h!s empmcal ex:1stence Ph!losophy
addresses 1tself to md!mduals It creates a free
commuruty of those who rely on each other m the1r
Will for truth Into tlus commuruty the ph!losoph!c rran
would hke to enter It 1S there m the world at anytime,
but C3!Ulot become a wordily msl1tul1on Wlthout losmg
the freedom of 1ts truth He cannot know whether he
belongs to 11 No authonty decHles on h!s acceptance
He wants to hve m h!s tlunhng m such a way as to
tmke h!s acceptance posSible But how does the world
relate to phllosophy? There are cham of phllosopby at
the uruverS1t1es Nowadays they are an embarrassment
Plulosophy 1S pohtely respected because of trad!hon,
but despiSed m secret The general op1ruon 1S 11 has
notlung of 1mportance to "'Y Ne1ther has 11 any
pracl!cal value It 1S named m pubhc but does 11 really
ex:1st? Its enstence 1S proved at least by the defense
measures 11 provokes We can see tlus from comments
hke "Ph!losophy 1S too comphcated I don't
understand 11 It's beyond me It's sometlung for
profesSionals I have no gtft for 11 Therefore 11 doesn't
concern me" But that 1S hke fXiymg I don't need to
bother about the fundamental queshons of hfe I can
dthgently bury myselfm some speaal field of wotk or
scholarshlp Wlthout tlunhng or quesl!orung 1ts
mea!l!llg, and, for the rest, have "opmons" and be
content mth that The defense becomes fanal1cal A
berughted mtal mst1nct hates ph!losophy It 1S
ctmgerous If I understood 11 !-should have to change
my hfe I would find myselfm another frame ofmnd,
see everytlung m a d!fferent hght, and have to Judge
anew Better not thmk phllosophlcally I Then come the
accusers, who want to replace the obsolete phllosopby
by sometlung new and totally d!fferent It 1S m1strusted
as the utterly mendaaous end product of a bankrupt
theology The mearunglessness of plulosophlcal
propoS111ons 1S made fun of Plulosophy 1S denounced
as the Wlllmg handmaiden of poht1cal and other
powers For many pohl1aans, the1r wretched trade
would be eaSier 1f phllosophy d!d not ex:1st at all
Masses and funcl!onanes are eaSier to marupulate
when they do not tlunk but only have a regtmented
1ntelhgence People must be prevented from becom1ng
senous Therefore 11 1S better for phllosophy to be
bonng Let the chairs of phllosophy rot The more
plffte 1S taught, the sooner people Wlll be bhnkered
against the hg!lt of plulosophy Thus phllosophy 1S
I< d ｾＭＢ＠
surrounded by enemes, most of whom are not
consaous of be1ng such BourgeoiS complacency,
convenl1onal1ty, the f211sfacl!ons of economc
prospenty, the appreaahon of saence only for 1ts
techn!cal ach!evements, the absolute Wlll to power, the
bonhom1e of pohl1aans, the fanal1asm of 1deologtes,
the hterary self-assert!veness oftalented wnters - mall
these !lungs people parade the1r ani!- phllosophy They
do not nohce 11 because they do not reahze what they
are domg They are unaware that the1r anl1- phllosophy
1S 1tselfa phllosopby, but a perverted one, and that tlus
ant1-plulosophy, 1f eluadated, would =llllate 1tself
126 A SU!Iable 11tle for the pasfX!.ge would be
a ManandPh!losophy
b Ph!losophlcal angst
c A Defence ofPlulosophy
d The Enemes ofPh!losophy
127 Wh!ch of the followmg 1S not menl!oned as a
funcl!on ofphllosopby m the pasfX!.ge?
a It shows the way to man's dtgruty m the
face ofh!s empmcal ex:1stence
b 11 breaks through the shell of the world m
order to move mto the mfuute
c It pushes mto the furthest honzons beyond
be1ng m the world
d It makes the world a better place to hve m
128 Wh!ch of the folloWing 1S true, keepmg the
pasfX!.ge m m1mll
a Ph!losophy 1S emdently respected
b Ph!losopby 1S secretly despiSed
c Both(a)and(b)
d Ne1ther(a)nor(b)
129 The word 'cham', m the context of the
pasfX!.ge, means
a wooden faced people
b departments
c separate chairs for plulosophers
d reserved seats for students ofphllosopby
130 Wh!ch of the folloWing 1S not a charge against
ph!losophy?
a that1t 1S obsolete
2 that1t 1S mendaaous
3 thai!! 1S the tandma!den ofpohl1cal power
4 thai!! 1S 1mmoral
131 According to the author, the ex:1stence of
ph!losophy 1S proved by
a the fact that there re st111' chairs of
phllosophy m uruvers111es
b the defense measures 11 provokes
c the pohte respectJl gets
d the fact that 11 answers the fumhmental
quesl!ons ofhfe
132 Why, according to the passage, would
pol1l1aans be happy 1f phllosophy d!d not
ｾＢ＠

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a Masses would be eaSJer to marupulate as
they would not thtnk for themselves
b They would not have to tmke false
｡ｬｬ･ｧｾ｡ｮ｣･ｳ＠ to Ｑ､･ｯｬｯｧｾ･ｳ＠
c They would not have to face allegahons of
1gnonng plnlosophy
d They would not !Eve to be ph!losoplncal
about losmg an elecl!on
PASSAGE 5
Among those who call themselves Soaal1sts, two
kinds of persons may be d!stmgLl!shed There are, m
the first place, those whose plans for a new order of
soaety, m w!uch pnvate property and md!mdrnl
compel!hon are to be superseded and other mohves to
acl!on subst1tuted, are on the scale of a milage
commuruty or townslup, and would be appl1ed to an
enUre counl!y by the nrull1pl1cal1on of such self-acl!ng
uruts, of thts character are the systems of Owen, of
Founer, and the more thoughtful and plulosoph!c
Soaal1sts generally The other classes, who are more a
product of the Conhnent than of Great Bntam and rray
be called the revolut!onary Soaal1sts, propose to
themselves a rrruch bolder stroke The1r scheme 1S the
=gement of the whole producl!ve resources of the
country by one central authonty, the general
govenunent And Wlth thts mew some ofthemavowas
the1r purpose that the working classes, or somebody on
the!r behalf, should take possesSion of all the property
of the counl!y, and admuuster 11 for the general
benefit
Whatever be the d!fficult1es of the first of
these two fonns of Soaal!Sm, the second rrrust
emdently mvolve the same d!fficulhes and many more
The former, too, has the great advantage that 11 can be
brought mto operat1on progresSively, and can prove 1ts
capab1hl1es by tnal It can be !ned first on a select
populahon and extended to others as the1r educahon
and cult1val1on perm! It need not, and m the natural
order of thtngs would not, become an ･ｮｧｾｮ･＠ of
subvers10n unl1l1t had shown 1tself capable of be1ng
also a means of reconstrucl!on It 1S not so Wlth the
other the a1m of that 1S to subst!tute the new rule for
the old at a Single stroke, and to exchange the amount
of goods realiZed under the present system, and 1ts
large posSJb!hl1es of improvement, for a plunge
Wlthout any preparahon mto the most extreme form of
the problem of canymg on the whole round of the
operahons of soaal hfe Wlthout the mohve power
w!uch has always h!therto wotked the soe1al
rrachmery 'It must be acknowledged that those who
would play thts Ef!me on the strength of the1r own
pnvate opuuon, unconfinned as yet b' any
expenmental venficat1on- who would forably depnve
all who have now a comfortable phySical ex:1stence of
the!r only present means of presenr:mg 11, and would
brave the fnghtful bloodshed and nusery that would
ensue 1fthe attempt was reSisted- rrrust have a serene
confidence m !herr own W!sdom on the one hand and a
' A A A ,
' "' "-'
recklessness of other people's suffenngs on the other,
mnch Robesp1erre and St Just, h!therto the typ1cal
mstances of those uruted attnbutes, scarcely came up
to Nevertheless, thts scheme has great elements of
populanty w!uch the more caut!ous and reasonable
form of Soaal!Sm has not because <hat 11 professes to
do, 11 pronuses to do qU1ckly, and holds out hope to the
enthusmhc of see1ng the whole of !herr aspuahons
real1zed m the1r own l!me and at a blow
m
m
Accordmg to the author, the d!fference
between the two kinds of soaal1sts 1S that
a one cons1sts ofth!nkers and the others are
acl!ve people
b the first have a defiruteph!losophy and the
second don't have any defirute ph!losopby
c the first bel1eve m gradual change w!ule
the others bel1eve m revolut1onary change
d the first are the products ofBntam, w!ule
the others are products ofRusSJa
Wh!ch ofthe folloWing 1S not a soaal1st?
a Robesp1erre
b Founer
, ｣ｾ＠
d All are SOC!al!stS
Accordmg to the ph!losopby of revolu11onary
SOC!al!sm
a The government takes over the mllages
first and then, gradrnlly the whole
counl!y
b The govenunent takes over all product1ve
resources ofthe counl!y at one stroke
c The government declares a pollee state
and rules by decree
d There 1S no government as such, the
people rule themselves by the soaal1st
doctrme
Wh!ch of the folloW!ng, accordmg to the
author, 1S true?
a The second form of soaal1sm has more
d!fficulhesthan the first
b The second form of soaal!Sm has the =e
d!fficulhes as the first
c The second form of soaal1sm has less
d!fficulhesthan the first
d The author ffis not compared the
d!fficulhes ofthe two
Wh!ch of the folloWing were charactenst1cs of
St Just and Robesp1erre?
a Unconcern for others' suffenng
b Full confidence m the1r own W!sdom
c Botha)andb)
d Ne1thera)norb)
It may be mferred from the passage that the
author's sympathtes are on
a ne1ther SJde
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c the SJde ofthe second type ofsoaahsm
d the first type of soaahsm
139 The word 'avow' m the context of the JES"'ge
ｾｾＧ＠
a prodaJm
b vow
c affirm
d deny
140 Wh!ch of the folloWing, accordmg to the
author, rray not be the result of not venfymg
the desuab1hty of soaahsm ezpenmentally
first?
a bloodshed
b depnvahon of current comfortable
ex:1stence
c corruphonmlughplaces
d nusery caused by reS!sl!ng change
PASSAGE 6
Experts m h= behamour argue that etlucs and
values are learned as a natural part of h=
development, denved from school, rel1g10n and other
mfluences Some authon11es "'Y that etlucs 1S the
mnate not1on ofnght and wrong and C3!Ulot be taught
to an adult Tlus means that an md!mdual has to have
been shaped as honest and upstand!ng (or dev:1ous and
venal) long before he or she sets foot m the corporate
sector Perhaps as a result of tlus bel1ef, the corporate
that form an 1ntegral part ofa counl!y' s economy l1y to
av01d deahng Wlth the value based iSsues that they are
confronted Wlth on a chy to chy baS!S, unless forced to
do so Over 11me these pracl!ces become precedents
and the fundamental value of dealmg Wlth etlucs
upfront loses 1ts 1mportance Afler all, we have done 11
before and 11 has wotked, so why not noW?' 1S the
general athtude To the md!mdrnl manager, value
tased confhcts tend to be largely personal, seldom
corporate m nature or mtenSJty It turns corporate only
when the espoused value 1S real and tappenmg m the
company In perfomung these value based ro1es,
=gers are often teamed to see 1ts apphcat1on on a
commeraal baSis Problems anse when the deaSJon-
tmker 1S unable to cope Wlth conuneraal confhcts as
dtfferenl1ated from personal confi1cts
Part of bemg a good manager 1S bemg aware
of the notmal d!menSJons of one's role m the netwotk
and m the orgaru,.t1on Managers can unW!thngly
engage m a Wlde range of role- related acts that are
etlucally quesl!orable A larger quesl!on before us 1S
whether managers see tlus dtssonance between what 1S
perce1ved as unetlucal, and what 1S bemg pracl!ced
For msla!lCe, a survey of HBR subscnbers m 1981
revealed that the b1ggest !Ssue 1S not defirung sexual
tarassment but recogruzmg 11 when 11 occurs
S!nularly, 11 was not unl11 1990 that the US
govenunent enacted the Amencans Wlth D1Sab1hl1es
Act that restncts employers from uSJng med!cal tests to
reveal a phySical or mental!mpaJrment, except under
ｨ､ｾＭＢ＠
speaal arcumstances Peter Drucker argues that
busmess profesSionals are no d!fferent from other
profesSionals, and should ab1de by the pnnaple of
norunale-licence Tlus mvo1ves studymg the 1mp3.ct of
acts on the good of the md!mdual, the finn, the
busmess commuruty, and soaety as a whole CrosSing
honzons of defiruhveness 1S real many purSU!t of a
mearungful debate on etlucs In fact 11 1S essenl!al for
reachmg a sense of concluSion, 1f posSible Wlule 11
does not concentrate on the obhgal1ons ofa person as a
pnvate mdtmdual and a ahzen, these creep mto the
soao-econonuc system wluch governs busmess
Laura Nash deals mth twelve iSsues of etlucs,
addresSing the baS!c quest1on "Is my buSiness deaswn
also an etlucal deaSJon?" Nash promdes a framewotk
that demonstrates the 1mportance of cnhcal tlunhng m
busmess etlucs where the gcal!S a corporate pracl!ce
that does not foster U!UlecesS3JY soaal hann She
emphasiZes that her progranune works m a concrete
sethng; that 11 1S not utop1an, plulosoph!cal abstracl!on
A person accepts certam speaal obhgal1ons when
he/she becomes a part of the world of conunerce
These obhgat1ons necesS!tate a reaprocal behamoral
p3.ttem m sync Wlth md!mdual values and behefs
mewed concurrently Wlth those of the firm Etlucal
congruence 1S the al1grunent ofan orgaruzahon' s stated
values, the deaSJons of 1ts leaders, the behamors that
are encouraged by 1ts systems and the values of 1ts
employees The leader's respons!b!l1ty 1S to g!Ve
employees gtl!dance as to """! values employees are
expected to demonstrate, m what pnonty and how
absolute those pnonhes are
Before a buSiness can reach etlucal congruence 11 must
be dear on what 11 truly values There must be a clear
defiruhon and art!culahon of values, bel1efs, core
plulosoplues, nonns and 1deals that the orgarusahon
chooses to follow, to pracl!ce m good 11mes and bad,
and to stand by under any arcumstance Once stated,
agreed upon and arl!culated, tlus core operahoral and
excephonal plulosophy has to be tested for
compal1b1hty and acceptab1hty Wlth buSiness V!SJon,
msS!on, core strategy and tacl!cs, short and long term
goals and obJecl!ves and expected behamoral
outcomes
It would be appropnate to conunent here on
the necesSity for rraragenal courage Donald F
VanEynde defines 11 as "the Wlllmgness to do w!Et 1S
nght m the face of nsk" fusk here means a real or
perce1ved danger to oneself, one's reputahon or one's
career, and mdudes such acl!ons as confrontmg the
status quo, embraang change m the face of reS!stance
and oppoSing a popular but unhealthy 1dea It means
domg what 1S nght, and what needs to be done The
deternutung factors are the values and the power and
poS1t1on that the mcumbent has, to do w!Et he bel1eves
m Etlucs calls upon our courage to act upon what we
beheve m, and our Wllhngness to "'cnfice for the
cause

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Managenal responS!hthhes and roles m the
commeraal field outlme a broad range of aci!VItles,
gcals and standards created to sustam the perfonnance
of a busmess orgarusahon In perfommg roles not
con@Uenl Wlth the trad!tlonal orgaru,.honal pracl!ces,
tll3llilgers could engender ethtcal d!ssonance There are
pnmanly five role acts, (w!uch may overlap), mvolved
m etlucal deas10n rrakmg m a conunemal
enVlforunent
Self-enhmced etlucal d!lernrr.a ro1e acts are
any acts that mvolve d!rect garus for the actor at the
expense of the finn, they are managenal only m the
sense that they take place m orguusahons and
frequently mvolve those who happen, by 11tle, to be
called managers Etlucally questlomble acts of tlus
type, such as expense account cheating, mSJder
trailing, nexus Wlth brokers and nuddlemen,
embezzlement, recetVIng kickbacks from vendors,
short changmg petty cash accounts, transfemng
company mformahon for a pnce, usmg/selhng patents,
fomrulahons, new product development mformahon
and steahng supphes, are conurutted ｡ｧ｡ｾｮｳｴ＠ the firm
and m the self-mterest of the mdtVIdual They are
essenl!ally unetlucal pracl!ces not m consonance Wlth
the pU!Jlose ofthe firm
The Ind!an finanaal serv:tces mdustry scam of
the early I 990s, that unearthed the acl!ve mvolvement
of md!VIdrnls nusuSJng thetr authonty llllUts and
co!UllVIng Wlth brokers, 1S an example F1nanaers have
a fiduaary responSJb!hly to be honest and to protect
thetr d1ents' assets At the corporate level there are
several examples of mter corporate esp10nage Just
when Palm electroruc orgaruzer of 3Com, a runaway
h!t, was !YJ3kmg huge headway, Ivhcrosofi deaded to
call handheld dev:1ces based on 1ts Windows CE
operahng system Palm PCs 3Com sued, da1nung 11
owned the Palm name
Myop1c mama occurs m large and small ro1e
Situations and 1S conunon among pracl!ang managers
The behaVIour 1S seldom random, 1S typ1cally
repel!hve, has strong overtones of donunance and
tmkes use of contro1 and power Role fulure acts are
directly related to managenal roles, and can be acts of
comnusswn or onusS!on, such as superfiaal
petformance appra!S3ls, not prOV!d!ng a fur and
honorable feedback to employees on !herr petformance
and uSJng leaderslup roles to enhmce power tlrrough
cnhcal control over people
Managers Wlth myop1c !YJ3!l1a may lure and
fire employees to show contempt towards process and
system, they may not confront expense account
cheahng; may appease blackma!hng employees to Wln
persoml favours ｡ｧ｡ｾｮｳｴ＠ the company's mterest, and
!Yl3Y palm off a poor performer on to another
department At a hetghtened level of corruphon they
!Yl3Y systemahcally cheat the orgmsahon
intellectually
Typically, such a manager would, at regular
1ntervals, convey h!s deSire to leave the current
ｩ｜ｩ､ｾＭＢ＠
asSJgrunent for a better career opportunrty, and seek a
monetary/career favour m return for !us loyalty He
would demonstrate h!s unhappmess at the current state
of orgmsahonal performance and would show deep
angLl!sh over managenal 1nacl!on on unreso1ved
problems These managers have unreahstlc self-
percephons and are ofien scluzoplrreruc Gull1ble top
=gement 1S ofien taken m by thetr seenungly
logtcal, rahonal apprcach Decephon 1S key to thetr
unetlucal practice These acts mvolve d!rect personal
advantage (not necessanly finanaal ｧ｡ｾｮＩ＠ at the
expense of the firm A culture that fosters !ugh
petformance dnven JOb msecunty could make
employees more suscephble to th!s etlucal encounter
The case of a large Indtan buSiness house that
lEd to fombly rel!re some of1ts top management and
thetr consequent outburst to the medta on the company
could well mean tlus type ofan etlucal act
Power 1S the potenl!al to mfiuence others for
good or ev:1l, to be a blesSing or a scourge Power
petvades every aspect of hfe Pnnc1ple centered
power, based on honour extended htlaterally, leads to
mfluence that lasts over extended penods of hme and
can even outl1ve the person from whom 11 omanates
In contrast, d!stort!on, w!ule appeanng slra!ght
m 1ts acl!ons and mohves, mvolves the use of power
and authonty, through goals It also 1nvolves conduct
that creates d!rect advantages for the firm m the short
run w!ule md!rectly proVIdmg gl!ns to the md!VIdual
actors Th!s m tum d!splaces d!rect costs onto selected
stakeholders outSide and mSJde the orgaru,.hon m the
longrun
Power u"'ge 1S ev:1dent m actions mvolVIng
ethtcs In some mstances the stated poS!hornng of the
corporation makes 11 easy for el1mnal1on or avo1dance
of dtstort!on In other cases, the acl!ons ofa supenor or
a person Wlth authonty mvanably appear nght to the
younger managers, who may actually bel1eve that the
deaSJon was nght and benefiaal to the company
Accordmg to Jay Roluhch, a psycluatnst, "Susceptible
people Will be seduced by that k:tnd ofmagtcal power
Money 1S a magtcal conunod!ty, m the sense that 11
does transform reahty" Rolrrhch also talks about a
personal1ty style that combmes nsk tak:tng Wlth a
erand!ose sense of personal power Such behaVIour
eventually leads to an orgmsatlonal freeze status,
gtven low VIS1b1hty between what 1S nght and wh:tt 1S
me
Bnbery, pnce fixmg and marupulahon of
supphes are some examples of managenal role
dtstort!on that benefit orgaru,.tlons m the short run
Cross holdtng patterns of shareholdmg are another
example of tlus etlucal!Ssue Wlule cap1tal1S oblamed
for a stated pU!Jlose and cash flow generated, the
surplus 1S often used up to lend to a Sisler company,
often a loSJng propoS!hon In all such cases, 11 1S
neces"'ty to attnbute etlucal ownerslup d!rectly to the
deCISIOn-maker

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'" The author 1S ofthe opnuon that
a eth!cs and values are learned as a natural
part of human development, denved from
school, rehg10n and other mfiuences
b eth!cs 1S the mnate nol!on of nght and
wrong and cannot be taught to an adult
c value tased confhcts tend to be largely
personal, seldom corporate m rature or
mtenSJty
d none ofthe above
Wh!ch of the followmg would be closest m
mearung to the hne m the passage, "the htggest
!Ssue 1S not defirung sexual harassment but
reco@llztng 11 when 11 occurs"
a managers do not recogruze semal
harassment when 11 occurs
b though sexual harassment 1S well defined,
comparues do not howhow do deal Wlth 11
c there 1S a difference between what 1S
percetved as uneth!cal m the corporate
world, as opposed to what 1S pracl!ced
d none ofthese
What, accordmg to the author, 1S "ethtcal
congruence"?
a Reaprocal behamoral pattern m sync Wlth
md!mdual values and bel1efs mewed
concurrently mth those ofthe firm
b congruence of leader's responSJb!hly to
giVe employees gtlldance as to what values
employees are ezpected to demonstrate, m
what pnonty and how absolute those
pnonhes are
c congruence of stated values, deas10ns of
1ts leaders, the behamours that are
encouraged by 1ts systems and the values
of1ts employees
d all of the above
The emmple of Ivhcrosoft ramng 1ts hand-
held dev:1ces as Palm PCs 1S g!Ven m the
passage to lughhght
a myop1cmarua
b managenal courage
c a poult
d an uneth!cal pract1ce
Younger managers may not be m a poS!hon to
act eth!cally because
a they are unable to deal Wlth power
d!stort!on
b they lack the JUdgment to d!stmgll1sh
between eth!cal and uneth!cal pracl!ces
c eth!cal tlunkmg comes only Wlth age and
expenence
d none ofthese
The passage 1S most hkely taken from
a a newspaper
b a managementJoumal
c a book
d an Internet S!le
147 What 1S "managenal d!stort!on" accord!ng to
the authot'l
a use of power and authonty to create
advantage for the firm as well as
md!mduals m the short run while
d!SgLl!S!ng costs
b d!stortmg the mearung of certam unetlucal
pracl!ces so that they appear eth!cal
c relymg on d!storted models of behamour
to deal Wlth uneth!cal behamour
d conveymg wrong mstrucl!ons to
subord!nates as the seruor managers
nususe the1r power and authonty
148 Wluch of the folloWing statements 1S true m
the context ofthe pas,.ge?
a buSiness and rranagers should largely act
eth!cally
b acl!ng uneth!cally 1S hannfu1 to the
buSiness m the long run
c be1ng eth!cal 1S largely a rratter of the
md!mdual, not ofthe corporate
d none ofthese
149 Wluch of the folloWing 1S not necesSitated
when an md!mdual becomes part of the
conuneraal world?
a synchroruzahon between mdtmdual values
and behefs Wlth those ofthe firm
b an obhgahon to act eth!cally, no matter
''""c art!culahon of the corporahon's core
values and bel1efs and the understandmg
ofthe md!mdual ofthese
d none ofthese
150 Wluch of the folloWing 1S a result of myop1c
rrama?
a short S!ghtedness ofthe =ger
b 1nab1hty to deal mth long term strategy
c contempt towards the process and systems
d a logical, rahonal approach which does not
gel Wlth the company
SECTION-IV
Directions 151-155: The folloW!llg table giVes data of
some students However, some data has been spo!lt
'1 Halfthe students were e1ther excellent or good
2 40% ofthe students were ferr.ales

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' One-thtrd of the ,.,, students
-average
Based
'" ilie above ｾＧＭ ilie folloW!llg
questions
'" How ｾＬ＠ students are both female and
excellent?
' c
0
'c
"
" "'" What proportion of good students are male?
' c
0 en
c
"
" "'" What proportions of female students are good?
' c
0 coo
c co
" "'" Howmany students arebothmaleand good?
' ili
0
"c n
" "'" Among average students, what 1S the raho of
rrale to female?
' "0
' '
Directions: Q.156 to 160 are based on the table gtven
"'-
The rratket shares of mcuch products d!d not
decrease between 1993-94 m any aty?
e HD
0 co
c RN
d None ofthese
The number of products w!uch doubled thetr
rratket shares m one or more aheS!s
' c
0 '
c '
" 'The largest percentage drop m market shares 1S
:; d ::'>
' 60%
0 50%
c 53 3%
" 20%
'" The number of products w!uch had 100%
rrarket share m four metropohtan a ties 1S
' c
0
'c
'" '160 The aty m w!uch the mrumum number of
products mcreased thetr matket shares m
1993-94was
a Bombay
b Delhl
c Calcutta
d Madras
Directions: For Q. 161 to 165 refer to thefolloW!llg
p1e-chart
1990-91
Opera· Profitl30lakh
ｾｾＧ＠
'"
1991-92
Operating Profit 160 lakh
The operating profit m 1991-92 mcreased over
n-at 1n 1990-91 by
a 23%
b 22%
c 25%
d 24%
The Interest burden m 1991-92 was h!gher
11Enthatml990-91 by
a 50%
b 25lakh
c 90%
d 4llakh
If, on an average, 20% rate of mterest was
charged on borrowed funds, then the total
borrowed funds used by thts company m the
giVen two years amounted to

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a 22llakh
b 195lakh
c 368lakh
d 515lakh
164 The retamed profit m 1991 92, as compared to
thatm 1990-91 was
a h!gherby25%
b h!gherbyl 5%
c lower by 2 5%
d lower by 1 5%
165 The eqU1ty base of these comparues reffi31ned
unchanged Then the total d!mdend earrung (m
lakh rupees) by the slme holders m 1991-92
"a 104lakh
b 9 lakh
c 128lakh
d 156lakh
Directions: Q. 166 to 170 are tased on the foh01ng
""""
In wh!ch year was the trade delia! greatest?
a 87-88
b 88-89
c 89-90
d 90-91
Export earrung m 90-91 1S how many percent
ofmvortsm 91-92?
' co
o co
c "
" "In how many years was the trade delicti less
than the trade delia! m the succeed!ng yeat'l
' '0 '
c '
" 'In the last three years the total export earrmgs
have accounted for how many percent of the
value ofthe tmports?
' cc
o c;
c "
" cc
..• --,.... "' ....
170 Wh!ch of the follomng statements can be
mferred from the graph?
1 In all the years shown m graph, the trade
delia! mless than the export eammg
2 Export earrungs mcreased m evety year
between 89-90 and 91-92
3 In all the years shown m the graph, the
eammg by exports 1S less thm the
expend!ture on tmports m the precedmg
;=
a 1 only
b 2 only
c 3 only
d land3only
Directions: Q. 171 to 175 are based on the graph
gtven below
Revenue obtamed by a pubhsh!ng house by sellmg
books, magaztnes, andJoumals
;mo 1· Dbooksj
ao - -
60 -- -
•a-73--
20 . ..
'"5-
o ＧＭ｣｣ｾｾＺＺＺｾｾﾷ＠
1989 '"00 '""'
{ion.pmla>h) '""'
Wh!ch year shows the least change m revenue
obtamed from Journals?
m
a '89
b '90
c ,91
d '92
The erowthm total revenue from '89 to '92 ts
a 21%
b 28%
c 15%
d 11%
In '92, what percent of the total revenue came
from books?
a 45%
b 55%
c 35%
d 25%
If '93 were to show the =e growth as '92
over '91, the revenue m '93 must be
a 194 5
b 186 6
c 172 4
d 176 7

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175 The number of years m which there was an
mcrease m reve!llie from at least two
categones 1S
' '
' 'c '
" '
Directions: Q176 to 180 are tased on the table giVen
"-Machme Ml as well as Machme M2 can
mdependently produce etther Product P or Product Q
The hmes taken by maclunes Ml and M2 (m nunutes)
to produce one urut of product P and Q are giVen m the
table below (Each rraclune wotks 8 hours per day)
m
Product M' M'
ｉｾ＠
w
'' 'What 1S the max:tmum number of uruts that can
be manufactured m one day?
a 140
b 160
c 120
d 180
If the number ofuruts ofP 1S to be 3 hmes that
of Q, w!Et 1S the nurnmum 1dle hme for
rraxunum total uruts ffi3llufuctured?
a 0 mnutes
b 24 mnutes
c 1 hour
d 2 hours
If eqrnl quanl1t1es of both are to be produced,
then out of the four chrnces giVen below, the
least effiaent way would be
a 48 of each Wlth 3 mnutes 1dle
b 64ofeachW!thl2mnutes!dle
c 53ofeachW!thl0mnutes!dle
d 71 ofeachW!th9mnutes!dle
If Ml works at talf 1ts nonml effiaency, what
1S the rranmum number ofuruts produced, 1f
at least one urut of each must be produced?
' %
o M
c 100
d 119
What 1S the least number of maclune hours
reqU1red to produce 30 p1eces of P and 25
p1eces ofQ?
a 6 hours 30 nu!llites
b 7 hours 24 nu!llites
c 5 hours 48 nu!llites
d 4 hours 6 nunutes
ｾｾ＠ ', d " ,
Directions: Q. 181 to 185 are based on the
mfotmahon giVen below
A company produces five types of sh!rts - A, B, C, D,
E - usmg cloth of three qt!3hl1es - H1gh, Med!um and
Low- usmg dyes of three quahhes - H1gh, Med!um,
and Low The folloWing tables giVe, respect1vely
1 The number of shuts (of each category)
produced, m thousands
2 The percentage dtstnbut1on of cloth qrnhty m
each type of shut, and
3 The percentage d!stnbuhon of dye quahty m
eachtypeofshut
B3040JJBJJ5030
c
c
70 JJ c
60 40 D
What 1S the total requtrement of cloth?
a 150,000 m
b 200,000 m
c 225,000 m
d 250,000 m
60 40
40 60
How many metres of h!gh quahty cloth 1S
consumed by A -sh!rts?
a 8,000 m
b 112,000m
c 24,000 m
d 30,000m
What 1S the raho of low-quahty dye used for
C-sh!rts to that used for D-sh!rts?
' n
' "'"" n
How ffi3llY metres of low-qu3hty cloth 1S
consumed?
a 22,500
b 46,500
c 60,000
d 40,000
What 1S the rat1o of the three quaht1es of dyes
mh!gh-quahty cloth?
a 2 3 5
b 1 2 5
c 7 9 10
d None ofthe above