Casein is a major group of proteins found in all animal milks, making up about 80% of the protein in cow's milk. It exists in four subgroups, which form micelles that give milk its white appearance and are essential in cheese production. Advances in biotechnology have led to the use of genetically modified enzymes for cheese making and the development of high-protein milk varieties, while alternative cheese products using soy and coconut are also being explored.