This document provides an overview of case history in endodontics. It defines case history as data about an individual's medical history and family that can be useful for diagnosis or instruction. The purpose of a case history is to obtain necessary information to make an accurate diagnosis. A case history involves collecting general information like name, age, sex, occupation, as well as medical history, extraoral exam, intraoral exam, and diagnosis. Factors like medical conditions, medications, and physical status are important to consider for treatment planning.
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Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
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DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPLEX PATIENTAvinandan Jana
Dental-management companies consolidate and manage dental practices. They do everything from providing minimal consulting services to total management of the entire practice. ... The management company hires and trains all support staff and manages all aspects of the practice`s operation (except the treatment of patients).
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endodontics in medically compromised patients /certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
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DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPLEX PATIENTAvinandan Jana
Dental-management companies consolidate and manage dental practices. They do everything from providing minimal consulting services to total management of the entire practice. ... The management company hires and trains all support staff and manages all aspects of the practice`s operation (except the treatment of patients).
Definition
Contents of case history Personal Information
General Physical Examination
Extra oral examination Intra oral examination Investigations Diagnosis
List of references
Conclusion
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS IN ORTHODONTICSJasmine Arneja
precise knowledge of management of medically compromised patients in any dental practice is a must, to avoid any unforeseen complication. this presentation deals with the commonly encountered medical situations and their management.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental management for Medically Compromised Patients 2Haydar Mahdey
This part 2 lecture to discuss Dental management for Medically Compromised Patients for undergraduate students. Source from therapeutic guideline book.
Periodontal treatment of Medically compromised patinetsDrsameetagarude
Most of the students find difficulty while handling the medically compromised patients. This seminar presentation will help you in understanding and better handling the medically compromised patients. very is to understand the terminologies and apply to the patients.
Definition
Contents of case history Personal Information
General Physical Examination
Extra oral examination Intra oral examination Investigations Diagnosis
List of references
Conclusion
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS IN ORTHODONTICSJasmine Arneja
precise knowledge of management of medically compromised patients in any dental practice is a must, to avoid any unforeseen complication. this presentation deals with the commonly encountered medical situations and their management.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental management for Medically Compromised Patients 2Haydar Mahdey
This part 2 lecture to discuss Dental management for Medically Compromised Patients for undergraduate students. Source from therapeutic guideline book.
Periodontal treatment of Medically compromised patinetsDrsameetagarude
Most of the students find difficulty while handling the medically compromised patients. This seminar presentation will help you in understanding and better handling the medically compromised patients. very is to understand the terminologies and apply to the patients.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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2. CONTENTS
Introduction
What is case history
Purpose of case history
General information
medical history
extra oral examination
Intra oral examination
Diagnosis
conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS CASE HISTORY?
Case history is define as the data concerning an
individual and his or her family and
environment ,including the individual medical
history that may be useful in analyzing and
diagnosing his or her case or for instructional
purpose.
4. PURPOSE OF THE CASE HISTORY
History taking is a clinical procedure.
Doctor should put the questions in a simple way
relieving the tension and anxiety of the patient
Should asked duration,mode of the development
Family history and medical history also asked to
the patient because many medical problems
associated with dental problems.
Collect necessary informations that give the
CORRECT DIAGNOSIS
5. NAME
While taking case history first question to be
asked is the name.
To register in the hospital record to remember
and recall the patient
If the patient is brought unconsciousness
6. AGE
Age is important in case history because certain
diseases accur in certain age groups.
Eg: eruption disorder
Pericorinitis
Viral infections
Sarcomas
7. SEX
Sex is important because certain diseases of
mouth accur in a particular sex
Pubertal gingivitis,pregnangingiviyis,menopausal
gingivitis will accur in females
Stomatitis nicotina palatine accur in male
Leukoplakia in smooking males
8. OCCUPATION
Certain occupation produce charecteritics oral
lesion.
Eg: 1 lead factory workers develop a blue line in
the gingivai i.e;Bartonion line
2 match factory workers developed necrosis of
soft tissues.
3 A notch will be seen in middle nentral incisor in
tailors
4 bakery workers develop multiple carius lesion
as the carbohydrates fumes accumulates on the
surface of the teeth
9. ADDRESS
Address is very important because we have to
recall the patient
Some time address will give clue for certain
diseases
Like flourosis
10. income
Poor income people will develop nutritional
deficiency
Poor oral hygiene
11. Chief complain
It is usually documented in the patient’s words.
The complain when started,where,exactly,how
started and the duaration.
After obtaining the chief complain ,the
examination process continued by obtaining a
dental history of present illness and olso asked
medical history that will help in diagnosis and
treament plan.
12. History of Present illness
A history of present illness should determine the
severity and urgency of the problem.
It is procedure in which each complain should be
explained about the origin , progress and
complications
If the patient complain of pain should asked
when it is started, how it started , type of pain
Pain is aggrevated during eating and drinking
13. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
Medical history is important in planning the
treatment.
The following questions should be asked from
the patient:
Whether the patient has any previous systemic
disease
Whether he/she has hypertention and diabetic
Under any medication
Whether he/she has hospitalised
Any drug allergy
15. ASA PHYSICAL
CLASSIFICATIO
N
DESCRIPTION THERAPY MODIFICATION
ASA 1 A normal healthy patient none
ASA 2 Patient with mild systemic
disease
Possible stress reduction and
other modification as needed
ASA 3 Patient with severe systemic
disease that limit activity ,but is
not incapitating
Possible strict modification
stress reduction medical
consultation priorties
ASA 4 Patient with an incapitating
systemic disease that is constant
threat to life
Minimal emergency care in
office medical emergency
urged
ASA 5 A moribound patient who is not
expected to survive without the
opration
Treatment in the hospital is
limited to life support only for
example airway,hemorrhage
management
ASA 6 a declared brain dead patient
whose organs are being removed
for donor purpose
Not applecable
16. HYPERTENTION
It is one of the most common medical condition
Those receiving the mean systolic blood pressure
140mm hg and dystolic pressure 90mm hg they
have hypertention.
Prior to any dental treatment to check the B.P at
every visit for an invasive dental dental procedure
planned.
18. NORMAL SBP<120mm hg
DBP<80mm hg
All dental procedure can do
prehypertention SBP 120-139mm hg
Consult the physician routine dental
procedure recommended
STAGE 1 – HYPERTENTION SBP 140-159
mm hg DSB 90-99 mm hg
STAGE 2- HYPERTENTION SBP>160mm hg
DSB<100mm hg
19. ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
An impediment to the flow of blood, as in the
case of an artery that has become constricted,
will decrease the perfusion of oxygenated blood
to tissue or organs.When the reduction of
perfusion to the myocardium of the heart is
sufficient enough that the myocardial cells
weaken but do not die, a condition known as
angina.
20. ANGINA
Treatment for angina pectoris begins with a
thorough review of the medical history.
Patients who have been diagnosed with stable
angina pectoris usually are aware of the events
that will precipitate an angina attack.The stress
and anxiety that some patients experience during
dental treatment can be one such factor.
.
21. These patients usually have a prescription for
nitroglycerin, either as a sublingual metered
0.4 mg spray or a 0.3 mg sublingual tablet
that dissolves quickly.Therefore, patients
with a known history of angina pectoris
should be asked to bring their own
nitroglycerin tablets to the dental office.
Dentists should have nitroglycerin included in
their emergency kits .
22. ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
When coronary athersclerotic heart disease
become advanced to produced symptoms it is
referred to as ischemic heart disease
Treatment modification for patient morning
appointment,short appointment,profond LA ,oral
medication with an anxiolytic drug and adequate
pain management.
23. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Dental management requires evalution of the
type of heart condition and risk of bacaterimia
from planned dental procedure.
Antibiotic prophylaxis should recommended for
patient with valvular heart diseases with highest
risk of patient
24. ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS RECOMMENDED
High risk of adverse effects from infective endocarditis
All dental procedure that involve manipulation of gingival tissue
or periapical region of teeth of oral mucosa
Does not include routine LA through non infections through non
infected tissue
25. Standard oral
regimen
Adult 2 g
Children 5o mg
Alternative oral
regimen for patient with
allergic to pencillin
ADULT
2 g clindamycin 1st and 2nd generation
Or 600 mg clindamycin
Or 500mg azithromycin
CHILDREN
50mg/kgcephalexin
20mg clindamycin or 15mg azithromycin
Patilent unable to take oral Adult-2g IV ampicillin
1g IM cefazolin
Children
50mg IM/IV ampicillin
50 mg IM/IV cefazolin
Alternative IM/IV regimen
for patient allergic to
pencilin and unable to take
oral medication
Adult-1g IM cefazolin or 600mg IM/IV clindamycin
Children 500mg/kg IM/IV clindamycin
20mg/kg IM/IV clindamycin 30 minutes before procedure
26. BLEEDING DISORDER
Prevent the formation of the prothrombin and clot
Limited oral surgery can perfomed
Consult physician
investigate the bleeding time
Clooting time
Limited surgical procedure can performed
Avoidance of periapical surgery because clear field
require for any surgery
If the patient under anticoagulant discontinuation of
warfarian 2days prior to surgery
28. CCF
Inability of heart to pump blood that can involve
one or both ventricles.
Always consult physician
do the possible treatment
Vosoconstrictor should be ovoided
Chair position should be upright
29. NEWYORK
HEART
ASSOCIATION
CSF
CLASSIFICATION
SIGN AND SYMPTON DENTAL MANAGEMENT
CONSIDERATION
CLASS I No limitation on physical activity Should able to tolerate
routine treatment,stress
reduction protocol as
needed
CLASSII Slight limitation on physical
activity, comfartable, at rest but
may experience fatigue palpation
and dyspanea with ordinary
physical activity
routine dental treament
,stress reduction ,medical
consult
CLASSIII significant limitation of activity Medical consult consider
treatment in hospital
dental clinic
CLASSIV Sympton present at rest Medical consultation
;conservative treatment
nedeed, avoid
vasoconstrictor
30. DIABETES
It is metabolic disorder,abnormality to
metabolise carbohydrates,protien,or due to
deficiency of insulin.
31. Dentists should discuss the type of diabetes,
compliance with prescribed medications and dietary
recommendations
problems with glycemic control, and acute and
chronic complications of the disease with all diabetic
patients before dental treatment begins.
Consulting a patient's physician before initiation of
dental treatment can dcrease the chance of a
diabetic emergency.
Diabetes-related emergencies in the dental setting
usually involve hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or,
less frequently, hyperglycemia (elevated blood
glucose).
32. HYPOGLYCEMIA
Hypoglycemia occurs most frequently in type 1
diabetics but can also occur in type 2 diabetics.
When a normal dose of insulin or oral
hypoglycemic agent is taken prior to dental
treatment and the patient eats minimally or not
at all, blood glucose levels can plunge rapidly.
Symptoms of hypoglycemia can develop rapidly
and include anxiety, skin that is cool and moist,
sweating, confusion.
33. A glucometer provided by the patient or the
dental staff may be used to measure blood
glucose.
A conscious hypoglycemic patient may take fruit
juice, regular soda, or a glucose gel that can be
absorbed through the oral mucosa in order to
stabilize the blood glucose level.
After 15 minutes, the blood glucose should be
rechecked. If it has not returned to an acceptable
level (a concentration higher than 60 mg/dL),
another dose of glucose should be taken and the
levels rechecked in 15 minutes.
34. . After the level has reached at least 60 mg/dL, a
mixed snack can be provided .
Any remaining dental treatment should be
rescheduled, and the patient should be referred
to their physician for further evaluation
35. HYPERGLYCEMIA
hyperglycemia is a less frequent emergency issue
among diabetics
elevation in blood glucose among diabetics can lead
to an altered mental status, the odor of acetone on
the breath, blurred vision, excessive thirst and hunger,
rapid and deep breathing, cardiac arrhythmias, and in
severe cases, coma.
administration and dosage of insulin that is unique to
the patient's glycemic control goal,
physician should be contacted and EMS summoned
for appropriate treatment. Monitoring the airway,
breathing, and circulation along with providing
supplemental oxygen as needed may be necessary
until EMS arrives.
36. ASTHMA
It is chronic inflimatory respiratory disease
instructed the patient to bring
inhaler(bronchodilator) to each oppointment
reduced the anxiety and strees of the patient
Used plain LA
patient should be in semesupine position
Avoidance of rubber dam
Should not prescribed NSAID ‘S
37. RENAL DISEASE
it is irreversible reduction in the glomerular filteration
rate.
Dental treatment should performed on nondialysis
days,typically the day after dialysis
To investigate BT,CT,PCT
In dialysis patient increased tendency of bleeding
because of heparin due to abnormal function of
platelet
Antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for all patients
NSAID’S should be ovoided
38. If patient under steroids therapy
Under medication more than 2 weeks
Double the dosage on the day of treatment
To prevent adrenal crisis
39. SEIZURES
Seizures are a rare occurrence in the dental
setting but can occur, and the characteristic
convulsive movements of the limbs may
endanger the patient.
Epilepsy is a neurologic disease associated with
recurrent, spontaneous seizure activity.
seizures can occur in patients without a history
of epilepsy for a variety of reasons, including
brain tumors and withdrawal from alcohol,
narcotics, or benzodiazepines.
40. • Dental appointments should only proceed if a
patient has been compliant with prescribed
medication
• .This provides an opportunity to remove any
objects from the mouth that were placed for
dental treatment to prevent aspiration or injury.
• This phase can also provide time to administer
anticonvulsant medications, such as 0.5 to 2 mg
lorazepam sublingually
• Attempting intramuscular injections or the
placement of an intravenous line to administer
anticonvulsant medications can be difficult and
dangerous while the patient is seizing
41. • Nothing, including a bite block or cotton rolls,
should be placed in the mouth once the seizing
activity has begun.
• The patient should remain in a supine position in
the dental chair, and any dental instruments in
the field of operation should be moved away to
protect the patient from injury.
• Breathing is usually unaffected by seizure
activity, but recording vital signs may not be
possible. However, upon conclusion of the
seizures, some patients will be unconscious and
must have an evaluation of their airway,
breathing, and circulation.
42. PREGNANCY
Only few procedure contraindicated in pregnancy
safety precaution should be followed
Appropriate radiograph
second trimester preferred
Left lateral position recommended
43. ALLERGY WITH LA
Allergic reactions can occur upon the
administration of local anesthetics.
Some patients have allergies to the anesthetic
itself, but some patients will be allergic to sulfite
compounds
Antioxidants such as sodium metabisulfite or
potassium metabisulfite are used as stabilizers in
local anesthetic solutions that contain
vasoconstrictor.
44. The presence of a documented sulfite allergy or a
history of an allergic-type asthma attack should
prompt the clinician to utilize a local anesthetic
without a vasoconstrictor
45. SYNCOPE
Vasovagal syncope (or cardioneurogenic
syncope) occurs when an acute decrease in blood
pressure reduces the blood flow and subsequent
oxygen perfusion to the brain.
46. During the treatment patient fainted maintained
respiration and cardiac output and that
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
the use of aromatic ammonia to facilitate return to
consciousness can be used. After regaining
consciousness,
the patient may be too distraught to drive, and
arrangements should be made for
transportation, preferably to a physician's office.
47. EXTRA ORAL EXAMINATION
The patient must be examined for
asymetric,localised swelling ,changes in colour
Face
Jaws
Lip
Salivary gland
Lymph node
50. PULPAL DIAGNOSIS
INGLE introduced the term pulpalgia ie.pulpal
pain.
Today this term not been in used,its degree of
severity,pathilogical process it known as
reversible pulpitis and irreversible pulpitis.
51. NORMAL PULP
Pulp is symptom free and normally responsive to
vitality testing
52. Reversible pulpitis
Based on the subjective and objective findings.
Increased response to cold,lingering pain
Causes: incipient caries
root scaling
traumatic brushing
53. IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS
Pulp no longer capable return to normal
Lingering pain
Causes: dental caries
CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC PULPITIS
Also known as pulp polyp
Growth of pulp tissue
Seen younger patients
54. PULP NECROSIS
Complete death dental pulp
Due to persistance inflammation of pulp
Very painful
Causes: infected pulp
trauma
chemical irritation
55. APICAL DIAGNOSIS
NORMAL PERIAPICALTISSUES
Teeth with normal periapical tissue
APICAL PERIODONTITIS
inflammation in apical periodontium
Pain on percussion
On radiograph reveals radiolucency
59. CONCLUSION
Dental treatment is usually not associated with
the development of acute medical emergencies.
exacerbations of medical conditions or the
emergence of previously asymptomatic medical
problems can occur at any time during a dental
appointment.
The stress and anxiety that some patients
associate with dental treatment, especially when
pain control is inadequate, has been a
precipitating factor in many of these cases .
60. Listen to your patient…
the patient will give you
diagnosis
Thanking
you………….