MOST COMMON DRUGS USED IN DENTISTRY AND ITS ACTION

1. DRUGS USED IN DENTAL
CLINIC
PRESENTED BY
Dr. SREEJAN.C.K, MDS
PROFESSOR
DEPT OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY
MALABAR DENTAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTER
MANOOR, EDAPPAL, KERALA

2. They can be classified according to their
action and uses.
Drugs used in Dental Clinics

3. Analgesics & Antiinflammatories
These are drugs which relieve pain
without causing loss of consciousness or
sensation (feeling).They also reduce
inflammation
E.g : Paracetamol ,Ibuprofen
Drugs used in Dental Clinics

4. Antibiotics
•These are drugs (either synthetic or
themselves derived from living
organisms) which are capable of killing or
inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria
in the body
• Used in the treatment of infections.

5. Antibiotics
The commonly used antibiotics are.
• Penicillin (e.g. Amoxycillin,
Ampicillin)
• Erythromycin
• Tetracycline
• Metronidazole

6. Antifungals
It kills fungi or inhibit their growth.
E.g : Candid lotion

7. Antivirals
These are synthetic agents given to
control Viral infection.
e.g. Acyclovir

8. Anaesthetics :
Lignocaine is used widely in dentistry to
produce loss of pain sensation .
Anaesthetic gels :
are applied to the gum and mucosa of
the mouth to prevent sensation .E.g :
lidocaine and bupivacaine.

9. Anticoagulants
These are taken in certain medical
conditions, such as heart problems to
prevent blood clotting in the blood
Vessels
e.g. : Ecosporin, Warfarin, Aspirin

10. Antidepressants
These are drugs, given to correct mood
disorders and care should be taken when
prescribing other drugs in such patients.

11. Antihistamines
These are drugs used in the treatment
of allergic reactions and skin rashes.
e.g. Chlorpheniramine maleate(Avil)

12. Antiseptics and disinfectants
1. Alcohols
2. Aldehydes
3. Chlorine
4. Chlorhexidine
5. Hydrogen Peroxide
6. Phenol
7. Cetrimide

13. •Alcohol as 60 – 95 % solution is rapidly
bactericidal and a 70 % solution is antiseptic.
•Formaldehydes and Glutaraldehyde can be used
as disinfectants.
•Chlorine: 1% Sodium hypochlorite solution is
nontoxic antiseptic and germicide. 2 % solution is
used to disinfect surfaces and equipment.

14. •Chlorhexidine is used in mouth washes, hand
cleansers and also in root canal treatment as
irrigant.
•Hydrogen peroxide has antiseptic, deodorant
and bleaching properties.
•Phenol is a strong disinfectant and is used as
toilet disinfectants.
•Cetrimide( Cetavlon) is used for preoperative
disinfection of the skin.

15. Steroids
These are selectively used in dentistry in
times of emergency like shock or allergy
and also to modify tissue reactions to
injury and inflammation.
E.g : Betamethasone and Hydrocortizone

16. Hemostatics : These are drugs and
measures that arrest bleeding.
• Cellulose gauze (surgicel) and bone
wax are used after extractions
• Vasoconstrictors. Adrenaline added in
local anaesthetic solution causes
constriction of the capillaries .

17. Sedatives.
These depress the central nervous
system, have a mood calming
effect to the anxious patient.
Eg: Diazepam (Valium)

18. Eugenol :
• It is used with zinc oxide powder as
a basis of many temporary filling
materials and gingival packs.
• It may be used as an obtundant /
antiseptic in pulp and root canal
therapy
Other Pharmacological agents used in
Dentistry

19. Paraformaldehyde :
It is a tissue-fixing agent used in Root
canal therapy. This is toxic in nature and
has to be used with care to prevent it
from escaping from the tooth.

20. Formal saline solution :
It is used to store biopsy material before it is
examined In the laboratory.

21. Medical gas cylinders
Medical gas cylinders are used in the
dental clinic for use in emergencies and
also in nitrous oxide analgesia

22. Medical gas cylinders
Labelling and identification colours for
medical gas cylinders,
Shoulder Body
Oxygen : White Black
Nitrous Oxide : Blue Blue

23. Shoulder Body
Oxygen : White Black
Medical gas cylinders

24. Medical gas cylinders
Shoulder Body
Nitrous Oxide : Blue Blue

25. Medical gas cylinders

26. Local Anesthetic
Most commonly used drug in the
dental clinic. It is used for pain
control in dentistry. The drug is
injected near the nerve that
specifically affects the tooth
receiving dental treatment.

27. Local Anesthesia

28. • Induction : time frame from when the
injection is given to the complete
effective numbing sensation
• Duration :time frame from when the
injection is given until the numbing
sensation is gone

29. TYPES OF LA
• Based on duration :
– Short acting
– Intermediate acting
– Long acting

30. Local Anesthesia

31. Topical Anesthesia
•A form of local anesthesia produced by the
application of suitable agent to the surface of
skin or mucosa
•Available in the form of gel, ointment or
spray.

32. Uses of topical anesthetics:
•Before injection of LA
•For deciduous teeth extraction
•Deep scaling and for fixing matrix bands
•To prevent gagging during impression making
•In the treatment of painful ulcers

33. Vasoconstrictors:
•Drugs added to the local anesthetic agent to
slow down the intake of the anesthetic agent
and increase the duration of action by
decreasing blood flow in the immediate area of
injection
•Decreases bleeding in the area.

34. •The most common vasoconstrictor used is
epinephrine/ adrenaline
•A concentration of 1:100000 indicate that one
part of vasoconstrictor is diluted in 100000 parts
of anesthetic solution.

35. REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
•Also called as nerve block
•LA solution is injected at an area very near
to the nerve trunk which supplies to a
specific region of the body.