Courier services transport documents, packages, and shipments for clients. Shipping rates are influenced by commodity characteristics and classified based on density, handling, value, and damage susceptibility. Rates also vary by weight and exceptions are made for large volume shippers. Carriers offer all-commodity, value, deferred, and incentive rates. Couriers may encounter issues like getting lost, transporting fragile items, or vehicle breakdown but can mitigate these with GPS, proper packaging, and maintenance. Tariffs are taxes on imports/exports while customs agencies control trade flows and duties.

2. Courier Services
Are companies
that transport and deliver
documents, packages,
and larger shipments of
products for their clients.

3.  Commodity Class
Influences on the price of shipping items:
1. commodity's density
2. loadability and handling characteristics
3. value of the commodity
4. the susceptibility to damage.
Four primary classification system of commodities

4.  Weight Break
 As the size or volume
increases different rates are
applied

5.  Exception Rates
 Carriers offer
discounts to shippers
which operate large
volumes of shipments,
or if there is increased
competition.

6.  All Commodity Rates
 Carriers can introduce all-commodity rates for shipments
between two specific points with a minimum weight. The
carrier will offer an all-commodity rate for this specific route
despite the class of the commodity carried.

7.  Value Rates
 For shippers of higher priced and therefore higher class
commodities, carriers can offer a value rate. Because carriers
are liable for the value of the commodity they carry, the
rates are higher, but if a carrier has a fixed liability which is
less than the commodity it is carrying, then the carrier can
offer the shipper a value rate, which will be a lower
percentage of the normal commodity rate.

8.  The deferred rate is cheaper than the normal rate for
the class of commodity as the shipper allows the carrier
to deferring the delivery of the commodity to the buyer.
The discounts can increase the longer the delivery is
deferred.
 Deferred Rates

9.  Carriers can encourage shippers
by offering incentive or in-excess
rates. The carrier’s incentive rates
are usually where a carrier
encourages a shipper to transport
more goods with them based on
weight. The carrier will offer a rate
up to a minimum weight limit and a
discounted rate for any commodity
that is in-excess of that minimum
weight.
 Incentive Rates

10. Some of the problems courier encounter
and their solutions
• Getting lost along the way
 The easiest way to find a
specific location is by using GPS
units.
• Transporting fragile items
 Ensure the packaging of the items
is done properly, asks the client to
insure the items against any risks that
may be likely to occur along the road,
while you promise to play your part in
ensuring a safe and timely delivery.

11. • Vehicle/Bike Breakdown
 You need to use reliable
transportation machines- Vehicles,
motorbikes and bicycles. Ensure the
vehicles are well maintained through
regular servicing to ensure they
remain in a good condition.
• Sticking to the Schedule  Be very organized

12.  a tax on imports or
exports (an international
trade tariff)
 a list of prices for such
things as rail service, bus
routes, air and electrical
usage (electrical tariff,
etc.).

13. Tariff rates
 are the amount of
money that must be paid
above the cost of an
imported or exported
good from one country to
another. Essentially, tariff
rates are a tax on goods
designed to limit the
impact of foreign trade on
a particular nation.
Tariffs

14. CusTom
s
It is an authority or
agency in a country
responsible for collecting
and safeguarding custom
duties and for controlling
the flow of goods including
animals, transports,
personal effects and
hazardous items in and out
of a country.

15. Customs prohibits the import or
export of PHP10,000 (approximately
USD220) of local currency
instruments (e.g., Philippine peso
banknotes) without the prior
authority of the Central Bank.
However, bringing in of USD10,000
or higher (or its foreign currency
equivalent) may be brought in or out
but it must be declared in writing.
CusTom
s

16. Carrier Rates and Tariffs
Customs Problems
 Misclassification
 Duties higher than anticipated
 Customs office won't clear the shipment to your
buyer/importer
 Customs office invoking health, sanitary, or safety
issues
 Labeling issues involving a certificate of origin, weight,
ingredients, marks, etc.
 Inadequate documentation provided by the exporter
 Issues involving the import or packing regulations of
the receiving country