Download as PDF, PPTX
![Breast Cancer: Number of Cases/year 57.120
Cases in the public system-SUS (73.7%) 42.097
Stages I/II/III (94%) 39.571
HER2 positive patients (20%) 7.914
Number of deaths avoided by Trastuzumab/y (8.8%) 696
Deaths in HER2 positive women (2005-2012)* 4872
Estimated number of deaths in early HER2 positive patients due
to lack of access to adjuvant Trastuzumab in the public system in
Brazil 2005-2012.
INCA. Câncer de mama. http://www2.inca.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/tiposdecancer/site/home/mama, Jan 2014.
IBGE. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, 2008 [acesso March 2,
2014].http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/panorama_saude_brasil_2003_2008/PNAD_2008_saude.pdfN)
Simon, SD, et al. Projeto Amazona I, GBECAM
Perez E, ate al. J Clin Oncol 32:374, 2014.
* Presumes constant incidence and mortality 2005-2012
Barrios C, et al. JCO, Brazilian Edition, 2015.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carloshenriquebarrios-pesquisaemcncerdesafiosparaaprximagerao-161121200234/85/Carlos-Henrique-Barrios-19-320.jpg)
![Statement of the Problem: Cancer Control in LA and the
Caribbean
Projection of Cancer Incidence Burden 2012-2030
Bray F, Piñeros M. Cancer patterns, trends and projections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a global context. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:104-117.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO Cancer Mortality Database [accessed on November 17, 2015].
Available at: http://wwwdepiarc fr/WHOdb/WHOdb htm 2014.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carloshenriquebarrios-pesquisaemcncerdesafiosparaaprximagerao-161121200234/85/Carlos-Henrique-Barrios-43-320.jpg)
![Bray F, Piñeros M. Cancer patterns, trends and projections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a global context. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:104-117.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO Cancer Mortality Database [accessed on November 17, 2015].
Available at: http://wwwdepiarc fr/WHOdb/WHOdb htm 2014.
INCIDENCE MORTALITY
Despite the scarcity of cancer registries, we estimate that in most countries, breast cancer
incidence and mortality are increasing.
Trends in BC Incidence and Mortality
ASR per 100.000](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carloshenriquebarrios-pesquisaemcncerdesafiosparaaprximagerao-161121200234/85/Carlos-Henrique-Barrios-53-320.jpg)
![Low and Middle Income Countries Spend
Less in Cancer Control
Medical Cancer Control spending per new cancer diagnosis
Numbers represent economic burden
per cancer patient in US$ (and as a
percentage of GDP/Capita)
Adapted from:
1. Economist Inteligence Unit. Breakaway: The global burden of cancer— challenges and opportunities [Internet]. 2009. Available de: http://www.livestrong.org/pdfs/GlobalEconomicImpact
2. United Nations. Per capita GNI at current prices [Internet]. 2012. Available de: http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SNAAMA&f=grID%3A101%3BcurrID%3AUSD%3BpcFlag%3A1
3. United Nations. World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision [Internet]. 2011. Available de: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm
4. Lopes G, et al. Nature Rev Clin Oncol 2013.
Central America
and Mexico
$7.39](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carloshenriquebarrios-pesquisaemcncerdesafiosparaaprximagerao-161121200234/85/Carlos-Henrique-Barrios-65-320.jpg)
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Carlos Henrique Barrios
- 1. ClinicalResearchasanAlternative Porto Alegre, November2016 TheCancerEpidemic Carlos H. Barrios, M.D. Hospital do Câncer Mãe de Deus PUCRS School of Medicine Latin American Cooperative Group, LACOG Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 2. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OFINTEREST • Clinical Research: Pfizer, Novartis, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche/Genentech, Lilly, Sanofi, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Mylan, Merrimack, Merck, Abbvie, Astellas Pharma, Biomarin, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Abraxis BioScience, AB Science, Asana Biosciences, Medivation, Daiichi Sankyo, Exelixis, ImClone Systems, LEO Pharma, Millennium • Academic Research Projects: CPO, PUCRS, LACOG, GBECAM, INCA-Brazil. • Advisory Boards and Consulting: Boehringer-Ingelheim, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Eisai, Bioepis. • No financial conflicts to declare.
- 3. Realidade Epidemiológica Aumento daincidência de câncer internacionalmente Envelhecimento Aumento da População Incorporação de Fatores de Risco Mais da metade dos casos de câncer são esperados em países em desenvolvimento Incidência de câncer deve duplicar em 2020 Em 2030 a incidência por câncer deve aumentar em 78% (África do Sul, China, Índia) e em 98% em regiões menos desenvolvidas Mortalidade por Câncer deve superar CV em 2030 (OMS) (já está acontecendo nos US) World Health Organization, The global burden of disease: 2004 update. The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 1 June 2012, doi:10.1016/S1470-2045 Câncer: Um Desafio Global Novos Casos 2000 - 10,000,000 2010 - 15,000,000 2030 - 27,000,000 Mortes 2000 - 6,200,000 2010 - 10,000,000 2030 - 17,000,000
- 4. • Cancer posesa major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. • In 2013, there were 14.9 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths. • The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. JAMA Oncol. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735 Published online May 28, 2015.
- 5. Goss P, etal. Lancet Oncology, 2103 Educação da População Acesso ao Sistema de Saúde Acesso à novas Tecnologias: Métodos diagnósticos modernos Drogas mais eficazes Discrepâncias Internacionais
- 6. INCIDÊNCIA DE CASOSDE CÂNCER POR 100.000 HABITANTES, BRASIL 2012-2014 POR ESTADO FONTE: INCA, ESTIMATIVAS 2012 E 2014. POR REGIÃO O RIO GRANDE DO SUL É O ESTADO COM MAIOR INCIDÊNCIA DE NOVOS CASOS DE CÂNCER NOS ÚLTIMOS ANOS.
- 7. FONTE: OMS –OPAS, 2012 INCA, 2014 COMISSIÓN HONORÁRIA DE LUCHA CONTRA EL CÁNCER (URUGUAY), 2011. SEGUNDO A OMS, A ESTIMATIVA DE INCIDÊNCIA DE CÂNCER NO MUNDO É MAIOR EM REGIÕES DESENVOLVIDAS (NORTE AMÉRICA E EUROPA). NO CONTINENTE SUL AMERICANO O URUGUAI É O PAÍS COM MAIOR INCIDÊNCIA. TX - INC. 243,22 TX - INC. 306,37 TX - INC. 456,20 TX - INC. 187,13 TX - INC. 330,17 TX - INC. 374,41 TX - INC. 471,66 TX - INC. 208,77 COMPARANDO O RS E POA NO ÂMBITO GLOBAL, O CENÁRIO É EQUIVALENTE AO DE PAÍSES COM AS MAIORES TAXAS DE INCIDÊNCIA (APRESENTANDO TAXAS MAIORES QUE AS DO URUGUAI. ESTIMATIVA DA INCIDÊNCIA DE CASOS DE CÂNCER PARA CADA 100.000 HABITANTES NO MUNDO (OMS, 2012)
- 8. PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DEMORTE EM PORTO ALEGRE (FONTE: SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE SAÚDE DE PORTO ALEGRE, 2014.) Nº MORTES POR CAUSA DE NEOPLASIAS – ULTIMOS 7 ANOS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DE MORTE Nº MORTES POR DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES – ULTIMOS 7 ANOS NOS ULTIMOS 7 ANOS EM PORTO ALEGRE, AS MORTES POR DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES APRESENTARAM QUEDA DE 4,11%, ENQUANTO AS MORTES POR NEOPLASIAS CRESCERAM EM 12,64%. 26.4% 22.9%
- 9. Cancer “Globalization” Cancer isa global challenge that will (only) be met by global participation 'The Scream' by Edvard Munch 1893, National Gallery Oslo, Norway
- 10. • Consider strategiesto address discrepancies • 15-25% of tumors are related to smoking • Screening for Breast Cancer, CRC, Prostate?, Lung?... • Screening and vaccination for Cervical Cancer • Addressing the Obesity epidemic • Vaccination against Hepatitis B • Vaccination against HPV • Clinical Research • Other… Danaei G et al. Lancet 366: 1784–1793, 2005 Katz IT, et al. N Engl J Med 354: 1110–1112, 2006 Cavalli F. Nature Clin Practice Oncol, 3:582, 2006 Addressing Cancer Globalization…
- 11. Descobrir novos tratamentos capazesde superar aqueles já existentes, além de imprimir inovação a medicamentos já consolidados só é possível através de uma investigação minuciosa: a pesquisa clínica.
- 12. Pesquisa Clínica • Desenvolvimentode novas formas para prevenir, diagnosticar e tratar o câncer. • Através de estudos clínicos podemos comprovar se novos tratamentos são seguros e/ou mais eficazes que os tratamentos atuais. Pesquisa Clínica Tratar Diagnosticar Manejo de Sintomas Doença Prevenir Manejo Eventos Adversos
- 13. CANCER TRIALS (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV) • ClinicalTrials.govcurrently lists 223.743 studies with locations in 190 countries. • 56.232 studies in Cancer. Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016
- 14. CANCER TRIALS (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV) • ClinicalTrials.govcurrently lists 56.232 studies in Cancer. Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016 4,5% 53,7%
- 15. Clinical Cancer Researchin South America - 2016 World 56.232 South America 1.378 (2.4%) Argentina 572 Brazil 977 (1.7%) Chile 285 Colombia 207 Ecuador 24 Peru 278 Uruguay 25 Venezuela 44 Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016
- 16. Regulatory Requirements Local Legislation ApprovalTimelines Trial design/Placebo Intellectual Property FDA acceptability of data Drug approval issues Bio-banking legislation Academic trials Health Care System and access issues Standards of Care Local Infrastructure; Quality Assurance and Control Bio-Banking infrastructure Faster recruitment Diverse populations (treatment naïve) Trial design should recognize Cultural and Ethnic diversities that may have safety and efficacy consequences Informed Consent and Ethical considerations SOPs Lower costs Cooperative Groups CRO’s New Markets Human resources and expertise GLOBALIZATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS Infrastructure and Health Care Environment Cost and Expertise Implications Operational Implications Regulatory Implications Barrios CH, Werutsky G, Martinez-Mesa J. J Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2015;35:e132-9. doi: 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.e132.
- 17. Clinical Cancer Research •Essential to improve therapeutic results • “Virtuous Circle” of clinical research: all involved do benefit • Offers “state of the art” therapy • Qualified investigators and large number of patients (LA) • Should be a strategic priority • Need to recognize and address bureaucratic and all other barriers that stall development
- 18. Brasil e aPesquisa Clínica em Oncologia • Oferece o melhor tratamento disponível “state of the art” (mesmo para o grupo controle). • Particularmente significativo para o Brasil onde o melhor tratamento disponível NÃO esta disponível para a maior parte da população (SUS) e participação em pesquisa oferece NO MÍNIMO o tratamento convencional ideal/ótimo.
- 19. Breast Cancer: Numberof Cases/year 57.120 Cases in the public system-SUS (73.7%) 42.097 Stages I/II/III (94%) 39.571 HER2 positive patients (20%) 7.914 Number of deaths avoided by Trastuzumab/y (8.8%) 696 Deaths in HER2 positive women (2005-2012)* 4872 Estimated number of deaths in early HER2 positive patients due to lack of access to adjuvant Trastuzumab in the public system in Brazil 2005-2012. INCA. Câncer de mama. http://www2.inca.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/tiposdecancer/site/home/mama, Jan 2014. IBGE. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, 2008 [acesso March 2, 2014].http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/panorama_saude_brasil_2003_2008/PNAD_2008_saude.pdfN) Simon, SD, et al. Projeto Amazona I, GBECAM Perez E, ate al. J Clin Oncol 32:374, 2014. * Presumes constant incidence and mortality 2005-2012 Barrios C, et al. JCO, Brazilian Edition, 2015.
- 20. Why do ClinicalTrials in Latin America? • The ability to conduct research is essential to the development of a high quality, sustainable, health system • Motivations of each stakeholder may differ • Government, Institutions, Pharma, Patients, Physicians, others • Everyone has something to gain
- 21. In their paper“Clinical Trials Infrastructure as a Quality Improvement Intervention in Low and Middle Income Countries”, Denburg and colleagues address an important and very pragmatic issue with potential transforming impact in health care systems in low and middle- income countries (LMICs). They hypothesize of a clinical trials infrastructure effect that could impact patient care unrelated and outside the constraints of direct clinical research participation. This infrastructure is broadly defined by the authors as being the organizational culture, systems and expertise that develop as a product of participation in cooperative clinical trials. This would lead to quality improvements within a specific institution that could also be extended to the overall health care system resulting in better outcomes potentially benefiting other patients independent of their individual participation in trials. They further hypothesize, escalating the impact of the notion, that creating this infrastructure may represent a pillar of health care system development.
- 22. Why do ClinicalTrials in Latin America? • The questions (hypotheses) that need to be addressed to improve care in low resource settings frequently differ from those that are given highest priority in high resource settings • More than half of all cancer is in developing countries – this represents a valuable, but largely untapped source of potentially unique knowledge of value to all
- 23. Saturation of ClinicalTrial Sites Region Number of Trial Sites (per 1M Population) US 82 Western Europe 11 Central / Eastern Europe 8 Latin America 2 Asia Pacific < 1 Source: Raps Focus, 2009, Latin American CTAs
- 24. Studies Conducted (1996-2016) LastUpdate: Jun, 2016 71 57 14 14 12 8 9 59 N=244
- 25.
- 28. projetocura.org lacog.org.br Faça parte doCURA. Entre em contato. Fernanda Schwyter Fernanda.Schwyter@lacog.org.br
- 29. ClinicalResearchasanAlternative Porto Alegre, November2016 TheCancerEpidemic Carlos H. Barrios, M.D. Hospital do Câncer Mãe de Deus PUCRS School of Medicine Latin American Cooperative Group, LACOG Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 30. Why do ClinicalTrials in Latin America? • With Clinical Trials we offer State of the Art medical management to patients that may not have any access or the basic resources to receive even the most basic care.
- 31. In their paper“Clinical Trials Infrastructure as a Quality Improvement Intervention in Low and Middle Income Countries”, Denburg and colleagues address an important and very pragmatic issue with potential transforming impact in health care systems in low and middle- income countries (LMICs). They hypothesize of a clinical trials infrastructure effect that could impact patient care unrelated and outside the constraints of direct clinical research participation. This infrastructure is broadly defined by the authors as being the organizational culture, systems and expertise that develop as a product of participation in cooperative clinical trials. This would lead to quality improvements within a specific institution that could also be extended to the overall health care system resulting in better outcomes potentially benefiting other patients independent of their individual participation in trials. They further hypothesize, escalating the impact of the notion, that creating this infrastructure may represent a pillar of health care system development.
- 32. Clinical Cancer Research •Essential to improve therapeutic results • “Virtuous Circle” of clinical research: all involved do benefit • Offers “state of the art” therapy • Qualified investigators and large number of patients (LA) • Should be a strategic priority • Need to recognize and address bureaucratic and all other barriers that stall development
- 33. • Consider strategiesto address discrepancies • 15-25% of tumors are related to smoking • Screening for Breast Cancer, CRC, Prostate?, Lung?... • Screening and vaccination for Cervical Cancer • Addressing the Obesity epidemic • Vaccination against Hepatitis B • Vaccination against HPV • Clinical Research • Other… Danaei G et al. Lancet 366: 1784–1793, 2005 Katz IT, et al. N Engl J Med 354: 1110–1112, 2006 Cavalli F. Nature Clin Practice Oncol, 3:582, 2006 Addressing Cancer Globalization…
- 34. CANCER TRIALS (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV) • ClinicalTrials.govcurrently lists 223.743 studies with locations in 190 countries. • 56.232 studies in Cancer. Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016
- 35. CANCER TRIALS (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV) • ClinicalTrials.govcurrently lists 56.232 studies in Cancer. Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016 4,5% 53,7%
- 36. Clinical Cancer Researchin South America - 2016 World 56.232 South America 1.378 (2.4%) Argentina 572 Brazil 977 (1.7%) Chile 285 Colombia 207 Ecuador 24 Peru 278 Uruguay 25 Venezuela 44 Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Accessed August 28nd, 2016
- 37. 2698 1575 1069 966 903 670 664 619 544 530 424 364 328 306 261 244 219 194141140133127 Breast Prostate Skin Colorrectal Lung Stomach Uterus Thyroid Cervix Headand Neck LNH Sarcoma Melanoma Larynx Esophagus Kidney Brain Pancreas Mieloma Luekemia LH Hepatic New Cases of Cancer LACOG Members Institutions Number of new cases per month = 13.119
- 38. ChallengesandPerspectives Porto Alegre, November2016 BreastCancerinLatinAmerica Carlos H. Barrios, M.D. Hospital do Câncer Mãe de Deus PUCRS School of Medicine Latin American Cooperative Group, LACOG Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 39. • LA-Caribbean region •A complex region of 600 million people, 33 countries and 14 territories • 320mi (54%) have no health-care coverage • Factors behind exclusion from health care: • Language barriers, unemployment, underemployment, geographic isolation, low education levels and health illiteracy • For the poorest populations: • Even in the context of free health care, limited access by the inability to pay medication costs, lack of affordable transportation, inconvenient clinic operation and long waiting times Goss P, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391 Latin American Facts
- 40. Lee B, LiedkeP, Barrios CH, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2012; 13:e95. Latin American Facts
- 41. Lee B, LiedkeP, Barrios CH, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2012; 13:e95. Latin American Facts
- 42. • Region willbe overwhelmed by cancer over the next 2 decades resulting in: • Significant human suffering • A sharp rise in costs • Cancers are diseases of ageing people • By 2020 in LA >100 million people > 60 years • By 2030: 1∙7 million new diagnoses and 1 million deaths/y Goss P, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391 Statement of the Problem: Cancer Control in LA and the Caribbean
- 43. Statement of theProblem: Cancer Control in LA and the Caribbean Projection of Cancer Incidence Burden 2012-2030 Bray F, Piñeros M. Cancer patterns, trends and projections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a global context. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:104-117. International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO Cancer Mortality Database [accessed on November 17, 2015]. Available at: http://wwwdepiarc fr/WHOdb/WHOdb htm 2014.
- 44. Public 75% Public 40% 6.2% LMIC Goss P, etal. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391 Estimated Increase in the Number of Cancer Cases in LA 2009-2020
- 45. • Cancer inLA •Less frequent than US (163 vs. 300/100.000) •But overall mortality/incidence ratio is 60% higher (0.59 in LA vs. 0.35 in US) •Largely (but not only) because of more advanced disease at diagnosis Statement of the Problem: Cancer Control in LA and the Caribbean Goss P, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391
- 46. PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DEMORTE EM PORTO ALEGRE (FONTE: SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE SAÚDE DE PORTO ALEGRE, 2014.) Nº MORTES POR CAUSA DE NEOPLASIAS – ULTIMOS 7 ANOS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DE MORTE Nº MORTES POR DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES – ULTIMOS 7 ANOS NOS ULTIMOS 7 ANOS EM PORTO ALEGRE, AS MORTES POR DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES APRESENTARAM QUEDA DE 4,11%, ENQUANTO AS MORTES POR NEOPLASIAS CRESCERAM EM 12,64%. 26.4% 22.9%
- 47. Breast Cancer inLatin America • Breast cancer is the most common cancer and kills more women than any other tumor type. • In 2012 more than 114,900 women were diagnosed and 37,000 women died from Breast Cancer. • If current trends continue, by 2030, the number new diagnosis will increase 46% and the mortality will reach 78.000 cases a year. • Breast Cancer cases are projected to increase to over 595,900 and breast cancer deaths to over 142,100 by 2030 in the Americas. PAHO, Fact Sheet Breast Cancer, 2014. GLOBOCAN 2012. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr.
- 48. Justo N, etal. The Oncologist, 2013, 18:248-256 Breast Cancer Burden and Age of Diagnosis and Death in LA
- 49. Delays in Diagnosisof Breast Cancer in Latin America • Studies from Brazil and Mexico, showed that the average delay between presentation to a doctor and diagnosis of BC was around 6-7 months. • In Peru the delay has been estimated in 4-5 months. • Delays in diagnosis of longer than 12 weeks are considered to affect stage and consequently outcomes and survival Amadou A, et al. Salud Publica Mex 2014;56:547-554
- 50. Mammography Screening inLatin America A Review of Breast Cancer and Outcomes in Latin America, PAHO
- 51. Justo N, etal. The Oncologist, 2013, 18:248-256 Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in LA The reduced survival is partly due to the fact that around 30%-40% of patients are diagnosed in stages III and IV
- 52. Outcomes of BreastCancer in Latin America A Review of Breast Cancer and Outcomes in Latin America, PAHO, 2010. • BC prognosis has improved significantly over the last 50 years. • 5 year survival rates are now over 85% in countries with best outcomes. • In LA, data on survival is scarce and fragmented • Available information shows a wide disparity across and within countries. • Only in a few countries 5-year survival surpasses 70%
- 53. Bray F, PiñerosM. Cancer patterns, trends and projections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a global context. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:104-117. International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO Cancer Mortality Database [accessed on November 17, 2015]. Available at: http://wwwdepiarc fr/WHOdb/WHOdb htm 2014. INCIDENCE MORTALITY Despite the scarcity of cancer registries, we estimate that in most countries, breast cancer incidence and mortality are increasing. Trends in BC Incidence and Mortality ASR per 100.000
- 54. Breast Cancer inLatin America: Mortality A Review of Breast Cancer and Outcomes in Latin America, PAHO • If current trends continue, by 2030, the number new diagnosis will increase 46%. • Breast Cancer cases are projected to increase to over 595,900 and breast cancer deaths to over 142,100 by 2030 in the Americas.
- 55. The Lancet. PublishedOnline November 26, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62038-9 Central analysis of population-based registry data Individual tumour records from 279 population-based cancer registries 67 countries for 25.7 million adults (age 15–99 years) and 75 000 children (age 0–14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995–2009 Stomach, Colon, Rectum, Liver, Lung, Breast, Cervix, Ovary, and Prostate in adults, and Adult and childhood Leukemia.
- 56. Caveat: Only 6% ofthe Latin American population is covered by PBCRs compared with 96% of the US population and 32% the EU population. The Lancet. Published Online November 26, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62038-9 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2009 78.2% (73.5-82.8) 86.9% (84.3-89.5) 87.4% (84.8-90.0) Breast Cancer in LA – 5 year survival
- 57. Breast cancer deaths registeredin the Mortality Data System (SIM/WHO) and census data on the resident population collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE/WHO)
- 58. Breast Cancer Mortality to IncidenceRatios Goss P, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391 Lee B, Liedke P, Barrios CH, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2012; 13:e95
- 59. All Cancer Mortality to IncidenceRatios Curado MP, et al. Annals of Global Health 2014;80:370-377. The ratio between mortality and incidence in Latin America is 0.59, higher than the European Union (0.43) and the United States (0.35), which reflects better support of cancer treatment in developed countries.
- 60. New Technologies/Drugs Uptake inLatin America • In Latin America, uptake of new treatments is slow, almost marginal in some countries. • This is related with the health care systems’ coverage limitations. A Review of Breast Cancer and Outcomes in Latin America, PAHO
- 61. BREAKDOWN OF SALESOF NEW MEDICINES (2009-2013) 3% 9% 10% 55% 23% Source: IMS Health MIDAS, April 2014. EFPIA, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, 2014. 88%
- 62. Breast Cancer inLatin America • The economic burden of Breast Cancer is significant, and it can be clearly observed that countries allocate insufficient resources to tackle the disease. • Women go undiagnosed, uncared for or treated with suboptimal therapies; which results in high morbidity and the associated societal costs. • Vast inequities exist in access to BC health care in the region and within countries which translates in unequal results in BC outcome. A Review of Breast Cancer and Outcomes in Latin America, PAHO
- 63. Women Children MenTotal First Class Women (servants) Died: 4 (0) Survived: 113 (24) % Survived: 97% (100%) First Class Children Died: 1 Survived: 6 % Survived: 86% First Class Men (servants) Died: 104 (10) Survived: 55 (2) % Survived 34% (17%) First Class Total Died: 119 Survived: 200 % Survived: 63% Second Class Women (servants) Died: 13 (0) Survived: 78 (1) % Survived: 86% Second Class Children Died: 0 Survived: 25 % Survived: 100% Second Class Men (servants) Died: 135 (4) Survived: 13 % Survived: 8% (0%) Second Class Total Died: 152 Survived: 117 % Survived: 43% Third Class - Steerage Women Died: 91 Survived: 88 % Survived: 49% Third Class - Steerage Children Died: 55 Survived: 25 % Survived: 31% Third Class - Steerage Men Died: 381 Survived: 59 % Survived: 13% Third Class - Steerage Total Died: 527 Survived: 172 % Survived: 25% www.encyclopedia-titanica.org www.ithaca.edu/staff/jhenderson/titanic.html
- 64. Public 75% Public 40% Health Expenditure by Country: (% ofGDP by Private and Public Sectors) 6.2% LMIC Goss P, et al. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391
- 65. Low and MiddleIncome Countries Spend Less in Cancer Control Medical Cancer Control spending per new cancer diagnosis Numbers represent economic burden per cancer patient in US$ (and as a percentage of GDP/Capita) Adapted from: 1. Economist Inteligence Unit. Breakaway: The global burden of cancer— challenges and opportunities [Internet]. 2009. Available de: http://www.livestrong.org/pdfs/GlobalEconomicImpact 2. United Nations. Per capita GNI at current prices [Internet]. 2012. Available de: http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SNAAMA&f=grID%3A101%3BcurrID%3AUSD%3BpcFlag%3A1 3. United Nations. World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision [Internet]. 2011. Available de: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm 4. Lopes G, et al. Nature Rev Clin Oncol 2013. Central America and Mexico $7.39
- 66. Public 75% Public 40% 6.2% LMIC Goss P, etal. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14:391 Cost per- patient: New Cancer Case in LA 2009
- 67. • Cancer representsa significant challenge for all LA and Caribbean countries. • The evolving epidemiological transition will inevitably result in overwhelming human and financial consequences over the next few years. Conclusions
- 68. Conclusions • Breast Cancerrepresents (and will definitely remain) a significant burden for the region. • Significant heterogeneity among and within countries as well as important gaps in prevention, screening and treatment are identified in the LA-Caribbean region. • Outcomes remain insufficient and require the active engagement of society and medical professionals.
- 69. ChallengesandPerspectives Porto Alegre, November2016 BreastCancerinLatinAmerica Carlos H. Barrios, M.D. Hospital do Câncer Mãe de Deus PUCRS School of Medicine Latin American Cooperative Group, LACOG Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 70. Source: IMS HealthMIDAS, December 2014. Global Oncology Trends Report, 2015. IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. 45 NEW MOLECULAR ENTITIES LAUNCHED 2010-2014 BY INDICATION
- 71. Pesquisa Clínica Pesquisa Clínica Tratar Diagnosticar Manejo de Sintomas Doença Prevenir Manejo Eventos Adversos •Estudo Clínico • Experimento Científico: Controlado