3. POLIOMYELITIS
• Poliomyelitis is the combination of two words "Polio" and
"Myelitis, where
• "Polio" means gray matter and "Myelitis" means
inflammation of spinal cord.
• Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by
Enter virus-Polio Type I, II and III.
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4. Cont..
Inflammation of myelin sheet
Damage to anterior horn cell
Motor nerve destroy
Flaccid paralysis (muscle weakness)
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5. Cont…
• Poliomyelitis is a viral water born neurological disorder,
destroy PNS(motor neuron) lead to decreased motor
activity and occurs flaccid paralysis
Causes :-
Destruction of myelin sheath of neurone.
Destruction of anterior Horn cell of vertebra.
Destruction of motor neurone of PNS.
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6. Cont..
• Polio virus is a entero virus single standards RNA virus
• Mode of transmission:- Water born(indirect transmission )
• Route:- fecal-oral route
• Incubation period:- 10 to 14 day
Type of polio:-
• Polio 1 :- Most common epidemic polio
• Polio 2 :- mostly eradicated
• Polio 3:- vaccine associated paralytic polio virus
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8. Pathophysiology
• Mode of transmission
• Enter into oral route
• Reach at intestine
• Primary multiplication polio virus
• From payers patches
• Enter into blood and lymph
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9. • Migrate to P.N.S
• Secondary multiplication
• Destroy motor neurone
• Decrease muscle tone
• Flaccid paralysis
• Polio
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10. Classification according to involvement
Spinal nerve involvement – Spinal polio
Transient urinary retention and constipation due to autonomic
involvement.
Muscle pain, hyperesthesia, tremors and diminished tendon
reflexes.
Cranial nerve/ brain involvement – Bulbar polio
Weakness of soft palate, pharynx and vocal cord.
Voice has a nasal tone and becomes hoarse.
Breathing and swallowing difficulty.
Fluid regurgitate through nose.
Secretions accumulate in pharynx
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12. Sign and symptoms:-
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• abdominal pain and
cramp
• Decreases muscle tone
• Flaccid paralysis
• Fever
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
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13. Complication of polio:-
• Respiratory failure
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Convulsion
• Coma and death
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14. Diagnosis:-
• History and physical examination
• Blood test
• Stool examination
• CSF examination
• Nerve biopsy
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15. Management and prevention:-
• Close defecation
• Awareness in community
• Use of oral polio vaccine
• Symptomatic treatment will be provided
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16. Nursing Management
• Bed rest, because physical activity increases the risk of
paralysis of fatigued muscles.
• Isolation of child and concurrent disinfection.
• Make the child lie down in neutral position on firm mattress
with foot board. This helps to prevent overstretching of
paralyzed muscles.
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17. Cont..
• Painful or tender limbs should be immobilized
• Respiration may be affected if diaphragm is paralyzed.
• Apply hot packs, to relieve muscle pain and tenderness.
• Diet should be nutritious and easy to swallow.
• Suctioning to clear pharynx of secretion.
• Maintain personal hygiene of the child.
• Physiotherapy after pain and spasm is relieved.
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18. MUMPS
• Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by a specific
virus affecting the glandular tissues.
• It is also knows as a parotitis and inflammation of parotid
gland
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19. Cont..
• It is viral droplet exocrine gland and exocrine gland fluid
disorder, and it is a childhood disorder.
• The causative agent is myxovirus parotitis, aRNA virus.
• Virus family is paromyxo
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20. Mode of transmission:-
Mainly droplet infection and direct contact with infected
person. Saliva, fomites and air- borne droplets spread the
disease.
Incubation period is generally 18 days with a range from 2
to 4 weeks.
The period of communicability is usually 4 to 6 days before
the onset of clinical symptoms with salivary gland swelling
and a week or more thereafter.
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21. Pathophysiology
• Virus paromyxi
• Droplet
• Enter into via naso-oral route into body
• Migrate to parotid gland
• Multiplication
• Parotitis
• Enter into exocrine gland and exocrine fluids 21
